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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20534/EJA-17-2-35-41
Gaybullayev Otabek, Rector of the Samarkand Regional Institute of retraining and advanced training of public education workers, Doctor of Science in Philosophy, Professor E-mail: naumenko06@mail.ru
THE ROLE OF LITERATURE AND ART IN THE FORMATION OF AESTHETIC CULTURE OF PERSONALITY IN CIVIL SOCIETY
Abstract: In this article the role of literature and art in the formation of personal aesthetic culture is analyzed. How does literature affect to aesthetic culture and what kinds of art develop the effectiveness of educating young people in the modern world? The author tries answer to these questions in contemporary Uzbekistan.
Keywords: Literature, art, aesthetic culture, contemporary Uzbekistan, spiritual heritage, Uzbek folk, Uzbekkino.
Literature and art plays an important role in the welfare of the people and to the improvement of personality. Basics of any aesthetic culture formed in the society depend on the eternity of art and literature on the coincidence of the social environment.
Literature and art is a mirror of spirituality of the people in which reflected the national traditions, social and modern progress, individual qualities, character and competence of the individual in the form of an artistic image. The result of the progress is specific in the views and activities of the persons, and gives the artistic and aesthetic picture.
To implement these social functions of literature and art in society there must be labor laws. Ideologically autocratic period of the last century are not allowed such freedom, the principles of a kind of art. Literature and art became a weapon of propaganda in the hands of the Communist Party and its program. Individual abilities are limited to a certain frame of the creative method and as a result the principles of socialist realism took up.
From the first day of independence in activities of artistic aesthetics put on the agenda of the following tasks: to know again the previous research and creative achievements, to create artistic values ac-
cording to a new national statehood, the psychology of our country and people. In the years of independence in all areas of social life based on the principles of the reform carried out, restored national values, to change or update human thought, began to occur in the artistic and aesthetic minds. However, drastic changes in the social life are not directly found its reflection in the artistic and creative world. Human freedom is enslaved in a long time had to adapt to new and spiritual needs of the new social order, it was necessary to artistic images in accordance with it.
For musicians — performers, acquired a social and creative freedom, there responsible absorb the aesthetic feelings in the minds of the people, feeling the indirect essence of freedom, country and people dreamed of for centuries. Instead of the previous abstract and distant from the life of the nation of spiritual values, it was necessary to create artistic images, reflects the independence of their country, history, historical memory, rich heritage and traditions, hopes and dreams of an independent nation.
In such a socio-political and free conditions there were such cases, as to know spiritual principles. In front of those people who involved in literature and art tasks was to create samples of art associated with
the fate of the time of the nation, as well as developing and emerging artistic and aesthetic thought and culture.
From the first day of independence in Uzbekistan burst wide-scale reforms on the spiritual realm. In the first, it was the main purpose to provide peace, stability at the country and welfare of the people.
Without literature and art, there is little that will greatly affect the understanding and representation of the people, bring it to the top of spirituality. As a result, the aesthetic personality spirituality enriched with new ideas inspired.
In order to preserve the independence, pass it safely to future generations it is necessary to explain its values to our people, to raise his head above, restore the national artistic traditions and heritage, encouraging them to today's problems, and to create a new art and literature of independence, to enhance the aesthetic culture of the people. Since independence was acquired at a time when society went to the national-spiritual decline when trampled our language, religion, cultural heritage and customs, to educate the young generation in the spirit of the idea of independence has become a very socially-philosophical problem.
National and humanitarian spiritual enrichment, politically revived, to see clearly because of the independence of the people, the more each person put on the agenda, as a very important task.
Therefore, carried out reforms were not deliberate acquire the economy and spirituality, but were not separable from each other.
Reforms in the field of spirituality and aesthetic culture began with the creation of the legal basis in the activities of the national creative work, with the appearance of more and more new opportunities for creative development to provide them with the freedom of action. According to this, on the basis of the requirement of spiritual independence, the creators are assigned tasks.
Since it was created an opportunity for the recovery of the eastern mentality, traditions — rituals,
traditions, education system, the creative intention and activity change was about to happen. Now the system of education took a course of national identity and the development of a national framework for artistic creativity. Young children were not only familiar with Walt Disney, Winnie the Pooh or «Well, wait a minute», but also with images of Uzbek folk tales and our traditional puppet theater but in the meantime it were necessary to get joy. Because the emergence of artistic representation of small and ideologically meaningless labor undermines education in connection with the independence in the spirit of the sacred ideas of youth.
Contrary to them, it was necessary to create a literature and art that bring young people as a hardened generation, in the spirit of patriotism, honesty and nobility, shorter eastern mentality and traditions of humanism. This literature was of great importance in the formation of free human outlook, its artistic and aesthetic culture, as well as freedom of speech and freedom of thought. "The role of creative intelligentsia in the development of the nation's spirituality, in the thinking of updating people in changing their attitude towards life" [1]. Sacred duty creators in the years of independence was to promote self-awareness of the people, to make him proud.
Composed by works of such poets (creator) as the Erkin Vahidova Abdullah Oripova, Tohir Malik, Halima Khudayberdiyeva, Mohammed Yusuf, Khur-shid Davron, Ikbol Mirza, Farrukh Zokirova, Zulaikho Boyhonovoy, Gulomjon Ekubovom Mahmoud No-mozovom became cause of our nation proud in relation to the independence. Due to the independence of the work ofAhmad Side «Kelinlar kuzgoloni» («Revolt daughters») was staged America and China.
Taking off our art in the global level, including our people can read and evaluate the result of independence.
Achievement in the field ofliterature and art was not accidental, since the first day of independence; he was transferred to a large value. The role of literature and art in the education ofyouth in the spirit of
moral and aesthetic, it was stressed Islam Karimov as follows: «We must learn frugal refers to cultural sources, let me introduce the whole layer of the population, and the best examples of classical and modern, national culture. Uzbekistan advances in music, painting, monumental and applied arts, it was not accidental. To promote and popularize the best examples are to be the younger generation the basics of spiritual education» [2].
Works composed by free creators of a free society, began to serve as the moral rebirth of the people, the education of aesthetic culture. «Anthem of Uzbekistan» composed by Abdullah Oripov and Mutal Burkhonova, was such a spiritual takeoff, the great social, political and artistic-aesthetic event.
In the political, sporting and cultural activities and developing a sparkling sounding emblem, anthem, flag Uzbekistan always replenishes the soul of the people shiny unrest and feelings.
As for the activities conducted on the development of literature and art, created conditions and cultural masterpieces during the past period, then we are witnessing the achievements that it was impossible to conduct a century. "Thanks for taking care of the head of the country, along with the construction of new cultural and man-made structures and reconstructed large cultural and historical monuments. To this end it has been taken more than twenty decisions and decrees. These documents serve as a legal basis by means of the development of art culture as well as in the national spirit of our nation" [3].
In the years of independence opened the new building of a conservatory in our glorious capital of Tashkent — State Conservatory, also were built — the palace Turkistan National Alisher Navoi Park, the building of the National Academic Theatre, Garden of Babur, a tennis court, "Yunusobod" Oliy Majlis of the building of the Republic of Uzbekistan, State "Museum Temurndov and a museum of contemporary art, the complex al-Tirmidhi, Gijduvani, Motru-di, at-Tirmidhi, monuments Alisher Navoi, Ulugbek Begzoda, Babur, al Fargoniy, Jaloliddin, 2500th an-
niversary of the city of Khiva, Termiz, 2700th anniversary Avesta ", as well as the 2750 year anniversary of the city of Samarkand, are a contribution to the development of not only the political view (mind), but also the aesthetic and cultural.
Today at the disposal of the Ministry of Culture and Sport, dealing directly with the propaganda among the population, there are more than 60 parks and cultivated gardens, National Park named after Alisher Navoi, as well as 37 professional theater companies.
The President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Decree. Islam Karimov, on the development of literature, art and culture is proof of that spirituality, enlightenment are so important in the generation of a perfect upbringing: «Events in Uzbekistan to support and stimulate the further development of theater and musical art» (of 25 October TO '95), «on the organization of tour and concert community» Uzbeknavo « (December 5, 1995), » on the organization of state Joint-stock company «Uzbek-kino» (29 April 1996),» on the improvement of activities in the Republic of Uzbekistan in the field of culture and art» (31 December 1997),» on the organization of the Academy of art of Uzbekistan « (dated 23 January 1997), » on measures to further support the development of national art crafts and applied arts « (from March 31, 1997 city), «On the development in Uzbekistan National dance and choreography» (1997), «On the development of pop art» (1998), etc.
With these regulations directed the development of the spirituality of our people and the aesthetic culture of the person, take into account the formation of using artistic images of the national outlook, in line with the ideals of independence. For tasks assigned to the public joint-stock company «Uzbek-kino» included to preserve and multiply the best achievements of the Uzbek national cinema art, attach great importance to the formation of a new world in person, to reproduce high quality from an artistic point of view, film and video.
Tasks in the field of music, also directed the education of the young generation in the spirit of patriotism and faithful to the ideals of independence.
Art freed from the false ideal pressure and outright bias, is the formation of and development of artistic taste and aesthetic culture of young people, causing them anxiety.
The events and actions directed to the development of aesthetic culture, in all areas and genres of our art. Designed to achieve the spread of humane and noble feelings and not allow the creation of works, the opposite of spirituality and national mentality. So, in order to create preconditions for the promotion of dance, according to the rich spirituality and unique qualities of the eastern Uzbek people, protected from traffic and clothes based on inappropriate, the opposite of spirituality and the subtle taste of the Uzbek people imitate, the art of dance, the following tasks were assigned:
- Collect and enrich samples of Uzbek folk dance, which are formed and transmitted from generation to generation for centuries, absorb the minds of the younger generation a sense of deep respect and envy towards these invaluable treasures, cause them a sense of respect towards our national spirituality and values;
- Take care of the whole direction of folk dance in all areas of the country, but on this basis to organize a new artistic group. Restored folklore and forgotten seasonal songs, worn spirituality, the idea of independence, but such festivals as "Dogwood hum", "Navruz", "Lola sayli", "Mehrzhon", have been restored.
Festival of folk talents "Boysun bahori" speaking on the international stage, has become traditionally takes place every spring.
The development of a large scale traditional music, crafts and folk arts and crafts in the years of independence is explained in the following:
- Because the traditional art of the Uzbek people for centuries, passed from generation
to generation, enriched in this process includes in itself the dreams and hopes of the people. For their nationality, prostate, popular, touching genres of art have become favorite people. Using such features folk art was of great importance to young people politely spiritual and aesthetic spirit.
- Folk art had wide artistic and aesthetic possibilities, serves as an effective means of formation of national intelligence, national thought, pride in raising the spiritual and perfect generation.
- On historically formed the psychological, aesthetic, spiritual, philosophical and educational opportunities folk art began to be important in the formation of the Eastern mentality and national way of life.
Such spiritual and aesthetic possibilities of folk art are reflected international music festival "Sharq taronalari", opened in 1997 in Samarkand.
President Islam Karimov hoped that the opening in the Samarkand music festival will become a tradition and will rise to a new, higher stage of song and music of Oriental Art in vennom greeting speech at the opening of "Sharq taronalari" international music festival — said: "The Music of the East" — is the philosophy of the East, one of the essential components of the world ofthe East. Veliko place Eastern music in the world cultural heritage. In one of the museums of ancient Samarkand, guests who you are, kept musical instrument "Pai" five thousand years ago, which is more expensive than any unique gold jewelery found by archaeologists. Anyone see it, I could not help think about the history of the music of the East".
The music during the millennial purifies the souls of men, ennobles and elevates them.
To raise the necessary level of aesthetic culture of the people, including the young, the theater has its importance is no doubt that a unique heritage that we carefully preserving and reported to the new century to the new millennium — the musical heritage of the East, is the great creation of the human
mind, will the urge to hearts of people of good sense, fraternity and charity. President Islam Karimov in his congratulatory speech at the opening of « Sharq taronalari» international music festival in the following confirms that «This festival is of great importance for the further broad representation throughout the world. immortal musical works, is the crown jewel of the great culture of the East, all fans of the beautiful communion to his classical music, as well as for the discovery of new talents» [4, б. 25.].
The construction of the theater, its scenery, the cast version, has its much attention to the soul of the viewer. In the words of Stanislavsky, the theater begins with a dressing room. For example, the Uzbek Drama theaters in their representations, express qualities such as love, friendship, goodness and justice, enlightenment, humanity and tenderness, "a stage for art workers is not only a source of j oy for the people, and now it is also a source of national pride, a powerful means of education — it is the truth that requires no proof" [4, б. 53-54.].
Therefore, academic drama theater renovated in a contemporary national and fluff, it was renamed in the national spirit, it was renamed the National Academic Drama Theatre of Uzbekistan. Submit to the National Theatre performances varied causes viewers the excitement and joy.
To this we can give you an example, setting labor Tilab Makhmudovich Makhmudov and Dilbar "Tortadirman zhabrini", which in 2008 was raised. Directed Tojiboy Isroilov made a successful staging of his work on the problems of struggle against one of the terrible events of the XXI century — human trafficking.
Drama in connection the "Year ofYouth" in 2008, encourages young people to put up any of wealth and dreams.
Our people and especially young people trust the promises of glory or scams to go to foreign countries to earn good money, they are on their conscience, homeland, relatives and friends are separated and lose their sweet life.
That's it for this; this work shall convene a society, the people and the youth to be famous.
The construction of a new building for the State Conservatory of Uzbekistan, the development of the people, from youth aesthetic spirituality, religion — there has been an invaluable great cultural significance. Dedication to the opening of the conservatory building, President Islam Karimov (22 March 2002) in the example of the music and the general opening in young people high aesthetic spirituality and artistic expression, was of great importance.
- One can not be able to read or write, but he always feels the life-giving power of the beautiful tune or melody. Figuratively speaking music certainly resonates in his mind.
- The magic power of music is also in the fact that it is not only in the days of joy and fun, but minute of testing, when the heart is filled with pain and sustains us spiritually and helps us.
- When people are away from home, in a foreign land to one hears a familiar national melody that touches strong thin strings of his soul, he first recalls his people, his homeland, and this close to the heart, charming music becomes a balm for his longing soul.
- True art, true creativity is a common language; they understand all nations without translation.
Literature and art is a wonderful social, which had a spiritual and educational opportunities and values. Literature and art along with a reflection of a national mind, and has the power to educate the student, viewers and listeners as a stimulus, encouragement and be carried away by the beauty of nature and social life. It was at that time when the life of the nation and the country major changes occur. Self-awareness and spiritual revival, literature and the arts become a center of progressive ideas and goals.
So the spiritual education of the younger generation of culture is considered to be in every society of
extraordinary challenge and the main unit between the past and the present day. Raise the aesthetic culture of the youth of the society in which we live, it puts great challenges before literature and art directed the presentation of artistic way the essence and content of the independence of spirituality. Literature and art are important foundations for the spiritual and aesthetic education of young people and will remain the same.
In the years of independence, relevant to our literature was formed in the spirit of the new aesthetic principles.
In the transition to a market economy aesthetic culture youth has become very important. Some of them hesitated in face of difficulties: they do not know how to how to spend leisure time, do not read fiction, although not engaged with one genre of art. As a result of planned space in their artistic-aesthetic world. It was clear that only 5% of them (youth) go to the theater and the museum in it was a pity. When social reasons, it was clear that in the first place, production at theaters such performances, which could be considered aesthetically perfect and connected with the life of the youth became a rare case, and secondly, most of the theaters are located in the cities, cinemas were in the villages have been studied regularly fail work; third based on the circumstance of market economy the problems of spiritual and aesthetic education of young people has received little attention.
Social and spiritual causes of this event, Islam Karimov stated as follows: "People want to relax after work, they want to go to the movies, hanging out in the parks. It's a shame that none of the city and regional parks do not meet the requirements. In the implementation of the policy carried out on the development of the national culture of an independent country to educate people person present level, has not yet resulted in the need to perform work" [5].
At a time when building more modern democratic society spreads, every worker, employee, businessmen, intellectuals along with the introduction of its
specialized expertise values in life and should be engaged in art and literature, and then become active social human activity. Due to the implementation of the principle of dreams opens many amateur clubs, and will lead to the restoration and development of the historical heritage and traditions. Youth employment one of the genres of art not only develops their artistic and aesthetic culture, but has its positive impact on the effectiveness of their m ore.
Today, in every factory enterprises, business, farming and other places organized artistic and amateur clubs, folklore, bands, folk theaters; they are enriched with diverse repertoires. To this we can give you an example, Beshkarsak — folklore, amateur club in Urgut district of Samarkand region.
Professional politicians contribute to the implementation of universal spiritual culture activities shrouded in national values and heritage of the youth.
This creative partnership is the basis of the national common human values creates and develops the intellectual level of young people.
At the end of the 20th century, as a result of the development of science and technology, most movies that seems on television is an achievement of computer technology. Therefore, in presenting movies instead of spiritual values as patriotism, nationality, humanity encountered violence, aggression, indecent. Such works flawlessly hinder the development of human culture and aesthetic.
In accordance with the country conducting political, economic and spiritual reforms adopted a number of resolutions and decrees of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Islam Karimov, the Cabinet of Ministers, which legalized create conditions for free creative activity and the formation of the perfect generation to build its culture and aesthetic value of literature and arts.
Literature and art is of great importance in the social life and the spirituality of the person. At the close acquaintance with the artistic creativity of man perfected great feeling, perfect desire, feelings of initiative and creativity.
Such a good mood calls a man, whom he had Our sacred duty is to be the conservation and
not worked as a social activity. Aesthetic culture enhancement of the priceless spiritual heritage of our
leads young people to moral integrity and to ensure people, and including "musical pearls", which little by
that boasts the ideas of independence, its results little going for centuries. We must pass them on to
and ideals. future generations.
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2. Каримов И. А. Узбекистан буюк келажак сари. - Тошкент, «Узбекистон», - 1998. - б. 535.
3. Миллий исти^лол гояси ва радбар фаолияти. - Т.: «Академия», - 2007. - 46-47 бетлар.
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