CC BY
2
UDK 801.52
Dzhakaeva A.A., Ph.D.
assistant professor of foreign languages department at the Faculty of
Economics, Dagestan State University THE HISTORY OF THE EMERGENCE OF THE TURKIC (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE TATAR LANGUAGE) AND ENGLISH PROVERBS
IN A COMPARATIVE PLAN
Annotation. The article is devoted to the reseach of the connection between the cultures of the two peoples-the English and the Tatars-in their proverbs. The study showed that the main sources of the emergence of English proverbs are: expressions that came from life, borrowings, proverbs that came from the Bible and Holy Writings, famous statements of famous people while a significant part of the Tatar proverbs was made and preserved to the present day from the common Turkic heritage.
Key words: proverbs, history, emergence, Tatar, English.
Sources of English proverbs are very diverse. The specific features of the proverbial origin are that they arose from the traditions, customs and beliefs of the English people and also that they were created on the basis of the realities and facts of English history. It will be correct to say that proverbs and sayings are of national origin when in a number of utterances summarizing everyday experience, the meaning of words developed into the form of proverbs. For example, "make hay while the sun shines" takes its origin from the practice of fieldwork, and "do not put all your eggs in one basket" - as a result of trade relations.[1]
The use of proverbs reached its peak in Shakespeare's time. The same with the Bible. The wisdom of her proverbs is certainly not original. In any case, both sources, both folk and literary, are fused together.
Another important source of English proverbs is proverbs and sayings borrowed from other languages. Again, it is difficult to be sure of the source. Before becoming English, the proverb could have existed in Latin, French or Spanish. A large number of borrowed proverbs remained in the original. Among them: "Noblesse oblige"; "In vino veritas". The proverb "Per aspera ad astra", came to English from France. The English equivalent of this proverb "Through hardships to the stars".
Proverbs taken from the Bible are another type of borrowing, since the Bible is translated from Hebrew, and its wise statements reflect the consciousness of Hebrew society. In the old days, the Bible was read very widely, so many of her sayings became part of the public consciousness to the extent that only a few now suspect the biblical origin of any particular proverb. Nevertheless, many English proverbs are wholly taken from the Holy Scriptures, for example, "you can not serve God and mammon".
The national culture of the Tatar people, like other peoples, was created for many centuries. Its integral part is the diverse types and genres of poetic creativity. Materials of the Tatar folklore show that people have laid inexhaustible
opportunities for flourishing all kinds of art: music, choreography, painting, architecture. The genres of folklore, which also appeared in ancient times, include proverbs and sayings. Among the Tatar proverbs that have survived to this day, there are those who protest against injustice, against the power of money, against idleness, laziness, selfishness. They talk about the best qualities of the people, about his love for the homeland, for collectivism: "Where unity is life."[2] The swindlers testify, however, about the contradictory nature of the people's outlook, about its twofold relation, for example, to labor. The people know how to value labor as the only source of life: "Man is known in labor."
The publication, the interpretation of the Turkic-Tatar proverbs have more than a thousand-year history. In the creation and dissemination of proverbs in antiquity, the leaders of the tribes, the shamans, and the popular singers- played a prominent role. In some cases, the emergence of proverbs is associated with specific events and facts.[3]
The most ancient samples of the genre are associated with primitive pagan mythology. For example, they say about the worship of fire: "Do not put a knife in the fire", "Let the state of fire feel good." With the same views, proverbs are associated about a respectful attitude toward the sky, the sun, the moon, the stars.
The proverbs showing both representatives of the ruling elite (khans, emirs, sultans, biys, etc.) are interesting, as are the layers of the population serving them (peasants, especially slaves): "The country does not exist without supreme power, the ulus does not happen without the khan" .
Having analyzed the problem of the relationship between proverbs and the national culture of peoples, we came to the following conclusions:
1. Each people has its own proverbs, which reflected the conditions of his life and life, his history, his work activity and social relations. In this work we will try to trace the connection between the cultures of the two peoples-the English and the Tatars-in their proverbs.
2. Proverbs and sayings reflect the rich historic fusion of the people, the ideas associated with the work, life and culture of people.
3. The main sources of the emergence of English proverbs are: expressions that came from life, borrowings, proverbs that came from the Bible and Holy Writings, famous statements of famous people. The close connection with situations of real reality is due to the nature of the sources of the emergence of proverbs, the main of which are folklore tradition, ancient beliefs, definite life circumstances.
4. A significant part of the Tatar proverbs was made and preserved to the present day from the common Turkic heritage. Deep respect for work, understanding of its meaning in human life are reflected in many proverbs of the Tatar people.
Literature:
1. Modestov V.S. English proverbs and sayings and their Russian counterparts. - 5 th ed. - M .: Russian language. 2005.
2. Tatar proverbs. Comp. H. Yarmukhametov. M., "Det.Lit.," 1971.
3. Tatars: Problems of History and Language (Collection of articles on problems of linguoethymology, revival and development of the Tatar nation). - Kazan, 1995. - 464 p.
UDK 1.35.58
Isxakov B. teacher
Namangan Engineering - Construction Institute
Uzbekistan, Namangan city INTERRELATION OF PROBLEMS WATER, PEACE AND SECURITY
Annotation: In this article highlights of important issues of state security and problems of water and peace and its effect to the development of society.
Key words: water, peace, security, state and society.
The President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Islam Karimov, rightfully pointed out in the book "High Spirituality - Invincible Power", of strategic importance, emphasizes that the increasingly globalization process "is the formation of an entirely new, socially-political, natural-biological global environment, and that national and regional problems are becoming a global problem". Based on the views expressed by our country's President Shavkat Mirziyayev at the 72nd session of the UN General Assembly on 19 September 2017, Uzbekistan's position on the ecological situation can be explained as follows:
Uzbekistan fully supports the position of the UN Secretary-General, Antonius Guterrish, on the "Water, Peace and Security Issues are closely interconnected."
Uzbekistan fully agrees with the Convention on the Use of Water Resources in the Amudarya and Syrdarya Basin, developed by the UN Regional Center for Preventive Diplomacy.
Uzbekistan strongly supports the efforts made by the UN under the auspices of the United Nations on the establishment of the Special Fund for the Aral Sea and the Aral Sea Region. Uzbekistan fully supports the UN program on February 10, 2017, "Implementing the Joint Capacity Building Program for the Aral Sea Disaster Resilient Population through Creating a Multilateral Partnership for Human Security for the Aral Sea Region". This program once again reaffirms that the basic principles of the Action Strategy, developed by the President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyayev, are fully consistent with the objectives of Sustainable Development.
One of such problems is the water problem that has become a matter of life for over 2 billion people worldwide. Insufficient water resources are clearly seen to meet the increasing demand of mankind. As a result, the role of water intake facilities in irrigated farming and food safety has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Are irrigated crops and arable land - along with the growth of crop production - is it sufficient to provide food to the countries and improve the
