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THE HISTORY DEVELOPMENT OF PHRASEOLOGY Karimova Z.A.1, Bozorboeva U.A.2
1Karimova Zaynab Abduamitovna - Senior Teacher;
2Bozorboeva Ugiloy Abdufattokh kizi - Student, FOREIGN LANGUAGES INTER FACULTIES, DEPARTMENT PHILOLOGY FACULTY, GULISTAN STATE UNIVERSITY, GULISTAN, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: this article is focusing on investigation the emergence of Phraseology. Author makes certain the notion phraseological units by citing the theories of various scholars who researched in the field of linguistics. She also slightly touches the field of typology with the intention to study the above topic in comparison to other themes of linguistics. Keywords:phraseology, speech, linguistics, PU, concept, style, comparative.
УДК 81-13
Phraseology of each language makes a significant contribution to the formation of figurative pictures of the world. Knowing the phraseology allows - a deeper understanding of the history and character of the people. Phraseologisms exist in close connection with vocabulary. Their study helps to better understand the structure of vocabulary, education and the use of lexical units in speech.
When we talk about this term our tongue instantly curves into another notion that signifies above concept. This is the term phraseological units (PU). They are special language means in which the originality and uniqueness of any language is concentrated. Considering PU in this aspect, we come to the disclosure of the concept of "phraseology" in the broad sense of the word. In a narrow sense, phraseology is a section of linguistics that studies stable speech speed [3].
For the first time, the concept of PU was formulated by the linguist S. Balli, a representative of the French school of linguistics. He called the PU "combinations that have firmly entered to the language" [4]. English and American researchers such as L.P. Smith, A. Mackay, J. Seidlou, and W. McMordi use the term "idiom" in their writings on the study of PU. By an idiom they mean an expression whose value is not inferred from the value of its individual elements [1].
Moreover, the idiom is considered as the realization of cultural knowledge, a linguistic and cultural stereotype, which reveals the national linguistic folk mentality.
However, I.V. Arnold, whose opinions we adhere to in this work, believes that the term "idiom" is polysemantic and suggests using the concepts "set expression" or "PU", which are equivalent to Russian - "phraseologism".
For all the variety of foreign studies devoted to the problems of PU, in English and American linguistics there is no phraseology as a separate branch of knowledge. The concept of "phraseology" by foreign authors is used in a different sense. According to the British online encyclopedia "Merriam Webster", phraseology is a way of expression, especially diction, that is, the choice and arrangement of words and phrases that are characteristic of a particular author or a specific literary work [16]. Thus, the concept of phraseology is equivalent to the concept of "style."
As a separate branch of knowledge, phraseology was formed by Russian linguists in the 40s of the XX century and is inextricably linked with the name of V.V. Vinogradov, as well as other scientists: V.N. Telia, A.N. Bulyko, N.M. Shansky and I.V. Arnold.
Modern linguists disagree on the definition of the term "PU". Therefore, there is a wide and narrow approach to the consideration of this concept. A broad approach in understanding PU is followed by such researchers as N.M. Shansky, A.V. Kunin, V.N. Telia. Representatives of this approach refer to PU as not only phrases, but also sentences, proverbs and sayings. Supporters of a narrow approach are V.M. Mokienko, A.V. Zhukov, V.V. Vinogradov, who call phraseologisms only stable phrases equivalent to the word.
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A dictionary of linguistic terms gives the following definition of a PU, which also corresponds to a narrow approach to its consideration - it is a lexically indivisible, stable in its composition and structure, integral in value phrase reproduced in the form of a finished speech unit [5].
The meaning of phraseology is not deduced from the value of the sum of its elements, but is determined by rethinking. This is because the phraseological phrase is not a free phrase, but one of its main properties is reproducibility. So the free combinations are the expressions "white snow", "black pen", "yellow pencil", which are created from separate words in the process of communication, at the same time, the expressions "white lie", "black gold", "black market", " yellow papers "are PU that are retrieved from the memory in their entirety - just like individual words. Any violation in the syntactic or semantic structure of these PU irreparably leads to the loss of their meaning.
Comparative study of phraseological systems of various languages has a great importance, both for the development of a general theory of phraseology, and for the study of general and distinctive features of the languages we study.
An extensive study of the phraseology of unrelated and heterogeneous systems contributes to identifying similarities and differences in the language and worldview of peoples and represents one of the actual problems in modern linguistics.
Thus, under the PU we mean "Stable combinations of words with complicated semantics that are not formed on the basis of general structural-semantic models of variable combinations of words" [3].
References
1. Karimova Z.A. Psychological aspects of teaching foreign language to Kids, Problemy pedagogiki. № 3 (35), 2018.
2. Bayramova L.K. Uchebno'y tematicheskiy russko-tatarskiy frazeologicheskiy slovar G'. Bayramova L.K. Kazan: Tatarskoe kn. izd-vo, 1991. 156 s.
3. Kunin A.V. Anglo-russkiy frazeologicheskiy slovar: Ok. 20000 frazeol. edinits G'A.V. Kunin. M.: Rus. yaz., 1984. 942 s.
4. Kunin A.V. Kurs frazeologii sovremennogo angliyskogo yazo'ka: Ucheb. dlya in-tov i fak. inostr. yaz. G'A.V. Kunin. M.: Vo'ssh. shk. Dubna: Izd. tsentr "Feniks", 1996. 380 s.
