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THE FORMATION OF A NEW ECONOMIC MODEL IN THE ASPECT OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MUNICIPALITY
Komarevtseva Olga Olegovna, graduate student
Lytneva Natalia Alekseevna, doctor of economic Sciences, Professor
Russia, Orel, Russian Academy of national economy and public administration, Central Russian management Institute - branch
ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT_
The article is devoted to formation of a new model of economic development of the municipality. The object of the research is the municipality of the town of Orel. The aim of this study is to build the author's economic model for the development of the town of Orel. On the basis of the program of development of the Orel region on 2014-2024 years. The authors analyze the main directions of the economic model of the municipality of the town of Orel. The main findings of this study are the following postulates: the effectiveness of municipal programs is minimal; to date the proposed economic model of development of the town of Orel is based on five main areas: investment, industry, construction, housing, education; the structure of the author's observations concerning the model of economic development of the municipality town of Orel includes aspects related to the lack of investment resources to the most important infrastructure projects of the city; the lack of coordination of programs and development strategies of the municipality; the need to implement a paradigm of high-tech economy. The scope of the results is quite extensive. This study can be of interest as regional authorities, municipal authorities, academics, researchers.
Introduction. In modern conditions of constant changes more and more often is the idea of creating a new economic model at the federal and regional level. Only after developing and testing the action to build a new economic model at the municipal level the implementation of socio-economic system of the region and state will be effective.
A number of municipalities are actively working in this direction. In the development model of the development of the city connect and the regional authorities. We believe it is necessary in this study to provide analytical assessment of established programs to create a model of economic development of the town. The object of the study will be the economy of the municipality of the town of Orel.
This research topic similar to the issues disclosed in the works of such foreign scientists as Ambrose B.W., Pennington-Cross A.[1, p.683], Henderson J.V., Wang H. G. [2, p.23], Gang I.N., Stuart R.C. [3, p.491], Giesen K., Suedekum J. [4, p.145], Rusyn, I.N., Hristina S.N.[9, p.25], Shi J., Wu Z., Huang T. [10, p.860], Zhabin A.P., Grigoryants I.A.[9, p.438]. An important contribution to the formation of model of development of economy of municipal education made such russian authors as Manaeva I.V., Rastvortseva S.N. [7, p.150], Rastvortseva S.N., Ternovskii D. S.[8, p.155].
Modeling of basic processes. Development of the Foundation model of development of economy of the municipal formation of the town of Orel is based on the Program of development of the Orel region on 2014-2024 years. For the implementation of the main activities to build the Economic foundation of the economy of the urban environment developed the municipal program of the town of Orel "The Preparation and conduct of the celebration of the 450th anniversary of the founding of the town of Orel (2014 - 2016)" and municipal program "Energy saving and increasing energy efficiency in the town of Orel for 2014-2016". The effectiveness of the implementation of the presented programs also questioned.
To assess the effectiveness of the programs offered use the methods of evaluating the effectiveness of municipal programs [6,p.45]. This technique is the assignment of a rating of the effectiveness of municipal programs on the basis of calculation of such indicators as the degree of implementation of municipal target programs, efficiency of budgetary expenditures, the degree of
Received 5 June 2017 Accepted 13 June 2017 Published 5 July 2017
KEYWORDS
economy, municipality, modeling, forecasting, mechanisms of control, municipal programs
© 2017 The Author.
achievement of the planned values, the effectiveness of the implementation of departmental target programs, compliance costs, projected in the municipal program.
The degree of implementation of municipal target programs calculated using the formula:
cpm = m, (1)
m
where CPm - the degree of implementation of measures, mb - number of measures implemented in the reporting year, m - total number of planned activities in the reporting year [5,p.125].
Assessment of the degree of efficiency of budget expenditures is determined by the following formula:
C
F = cm, (2)
Cu
where F - the efficiency of the use of funds from the municipal budget, C - the degree of implementation of activities financed from the Federal budget, C - he extent of the planned level of expenditure in the municipal program funds from the Federal budget.
The degree of achievement of the planned indicator value is calculated:
- increase the value of the indicator:
Dp = ^, (3)
zp / p
- decline of:
Dp = ^, (4)
zp / f
where Dp - the degree of achievement of the planned value of the indicator routines (departmental programs), z - the planned value of the indicator routines (departmental programs), z - the
planned value of the indicator routines (departmental programs). Indicator data will allow to determine the threshold value necessary to increase the efficiency of departmental programs, routines or basic blocks of the passport activities.
The effectiveness of the implementation of the subprogram (departmental programs) is calculated according to the formula:
n f
Pn =lLCd-, (5)
i n
where P - the effectiveness of the implementation of the subprograms (departmental programs), C -the degree of achievement of the planned value of the indicator routines (departmental program), n -is the number of indicators subprograms (departmental program). As the final rating scores are criterion ranges:
- high level of implementation over the values of 5;
- the average level of implementation of gaps from 3.6 to 4.9;
- a satisfactory level of implementation in the range from 3.0 to 3.5;
- the unsatisfactory level is under 3.0.
Evaluation of municipal programs of the town of Orel has demonstrated satisfactory levels of efficacy (table 1).
Table 1. Assessment of the effectiveness of the implementation of the municipal program
Indicator Municipal program "Preparing and conducting the celebration of the 450th anniversary of the founding of the town of Orel (2014 - 2016)" Municipal program "Energy Saving and increasing energy efficiency in the town of Orel for 2014-2016"
The degree of implementation of municipal target programs 0,52 0,55
Assessment of the degree of efficiency of budgetary expenses 0,57 0,68
The degree of achievement of the planned values 0,32 0,34
The effectiveness of the implementation of departmental programs 0,70 0,76
Compliance costs projected in the municipal program 0,66 0,68
The effectiveness of target municipal programs 0,65 0,74
In total 3,22 3,55
In line with this methodology believe that the implementation of these programs not however comparable to the creation of a model of development of economy of municipal formation the town of Orel. Proceed directly to the areas that are proposed in the framework of the development of Orel in the 2014-2024 (hereinafter - the Program) and the concept of socio-economic development of the city of Orel in 2011-2025 (hereinafter-the Concept).
Attraction of investments and increase of investment attractiveness of the region is a fundamental task for the development of the town of Orel. Platform for the implementation of the investment strategy of the city, in accordance with the Program, should be the Corporation of development of the Orel region. The main challenge for achieving the strategic objectives of the investment policy is the creation of an accessible infrastructure to accommodate industrial and other objects investors. It is necessary to establish municipal standards for investment activities; identify areas for implementation of investment projects; to provide for equipping these sites with engineering infrastructure. Municipalities the maximum educational tax and investment potential, can count on additional budgetary transfers. The main result in this direction is the creation of additional high-paying jobs; increase tax base for municipal and regional budgets; recruitment and introduction of new technologies; the development of local industries.
The next step is the recovery of industrial production. Industry municipal of the town of Orel includes almost 380 enterprises. For 2008-2016 the town of Orel has been the closure of a number of large industrial enterprises. The main task of local government is the solution to the problems hampering the development of the industry. These include a high degree of depreciation of fixed assets; low level of development of industrial cooperation; the lack of applied research in the industrial sector.
The primary objective of development of industry of the town today is an attraction of investments for creation of new productions and modernization of existing production capacities. This factor will allow to solve the problem of the growth in shipments of products, creation of new jobs. In recent years, annual investment in the field of manufacturing was at the level of 2 billion rubles. To ensure a stable annual growth of this indicator at the level of at least 15-20% per year over the next five years at least double the capital investment in the industrial sector.
The result of the joint work of the enterprises and the municipality should be further improvement in the qualitative and quantitative indicators of industrial enterprises of the town of Orel.
The third direction of the economic model of the municipality of the town of Orel is the construction of housing. The construction industry of the town of Orel requires a comprehensive approach in the implementation of projects and departure from the point of building. An integrated approach to the development of large construction sites, attraction of federal funds under the program "Housing for Russian family", engineering and infrastructure support needs to give a significant reduction in the price of economy-class housing.
Growth of volumes of housing construction is also not possible without increasing demand. Here it is necessary to use a complex of tools. Development and support of mortgage programs, interest rate
subsidies on commercial Bank loans and payments on the initial deposit for certain categories of citizens, implementation of certificates and subsidies under the program "Dilapidated housing".
Of particular importance in the developed model becomes the fourth direction of the housing and utilities sector. This direction relates to the issue of capital repairs of the housing stock. In accordance with the Housing code, a program overhaul of apartment houses until 2044. However, residents can't meet the timetable according to which their homes will be repaired over decades. Additional funding is needed to accelerate the stated activities. In detail it's necessary to develop the mechanism of participation of municipalities in the overhaul.
The final area is education. Education in municipal entity the town of Orel is a competitive advantage. Characteristics of the higher education system of the city's impressive 13 - research organizations, 12 universities, 35 - thousand students, 2154 - teacher. The weak point can be called only by the diversity of universities.
A strong link in education in the town of Orel remains a technical and vocational education. Unlike some regions of the country where the system of vocational schools was actually collapsed, Orel colleges have managed to save. Thus, the main task is not only to preserve but to modernize the system of training highly skilled workers.
These are the priority directions in creation of model of development of economy of municipal education of the town of Orel. Their implementation has a number of problems in not allowing to get good result of economic development. These include:
1. The lack of investment resources in major infrastructure projects in the town. Mainly economic policy in conditions of crisis is built to support certain businesses at the expense of limited budgetary resources. The search for additional investment is hampered by lack of tools conducive to the interest of investor in investment in municipal entity the town of Orel.
2. Implementation of short-term forecasting in the system of socio-economic development of the municipality of the town of Orel. Despite the existence of the Concept of socio-economic development of the town of Orel in 2011-2025 it is not conducted foresight research. In this concept lacks predictive insights experts and uncertain the future direction of development of the town.
3. The inconsistency of programs and development strategies of the municipality. Before you can create a new model of development of the municipality must assess existing policies, programs and concepts to determine the main direction of development of the economy. The formed algorithm of actions will allow to redirect and save the main flow of budget funds by eliminating overlapping areas.
4. The model should be high-tech economy. It's not innovative economy. The innovativeness of this economy is built on the latest technologies. Municipal formation the town of Orel does not meet this criterion. The city's economy should be based on the technologies of energy saving and housing and commercial industry. This direction will allow to create a certain level of security as the municipality; to become one of the leaders in import substitution technology products among the regions of Russia; to create jobs with high synergistic effect.
Economic development model should be based on the following main activities: the main challenges, short term and long term forecasting, development of effective direction, the search for resources.
This model includes three entities: the model, the town, the residents. The formation of the economic model should be based on obtaining reliable information and implementation of a detailed algorithm of action, a synergistic effect is in most sectors of the municipality, manifested in a certain result, which will be able to assess the inhabitants of the town. The model includes the directions of development of economy and author's comments. the fundamental basis for the formation of municipal economic paradigm.
Conclusion. Thus, the study on the formation of a new economic model for change allowed us to draw the following conclusions.
1. The effectiveness of municipal programs, providing solution of topical problems on the improvement of the urban environment is minimal. An evaluation of the effectiveness of the municipal program "The Preparation and conduct of the celebration of the 450th anniversary of the founding of the town of Orel (2014 - 2016)" and the municipal program "Energy Saving and energy efficiency in the town of Orel for 2014-2016" showed only satisfactory efficiency for their implementation.
2. To date, the proposed economic model of development of the town of Orel is based on five main areas: investment, industry, construction, utilities, education.
3. The structure of the author's observations on the patterns of economic development of the municipality of the town of Orel, is registered in the program of development of the Orel region on 2014-2024 years and the concept of socio-economic development of the town of Orel in 2011-2025 included: the lack of investment resources to the most important infrastructure projects of the city; the
implementation of the only system of short-term forecasting of socio-economic development of the municipality of the town of Orel; the lack of coordination of programs and development strategies of the municipality; the necessity of implementing the paradigm of high-tech economy.
4. The author's proposed economic city development model is based on main activities: the main challenges, short-term and long-term forecasting, the development of effective directions, search resources. The model includes both the above directions of development of economy and author's comments, as well as the fundamental basis for the formation of municipal economic paradigm.
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