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RUSSIAN LINGUISTIC BULLETIN 1 (1) 2015
Regulus urged the Senate to reject those terms; he returned to Carthage where he was tortured and executed. Regulus Black suffered a similar fate after trying to back out of being a Death Eater.
Regulus is also the name of the brightest star in the Alpha Leo (lion) constellation. Although this might seem odd at first, considering he was not a Gryffindor - lions in mythology are often used to symbolize fierceness or purity of a heart. Regulus means "prince" and "heart of the lion". This might be a reference to his bravery to deprecate Voldemort.
Black, Orion (Sirius' father) - Orion the Hunter is a constellation who rules the heavens from late fall to early spring with his hunting dogs
(Canis Major and Canis Minor) at his feet. This is quite suitable for Sirius and Regulus’ father.
Black, Walburga (Sirius' mother) - "Walburga" means "rule of the fortress" in German ("wald" means "rule" and "burg" means "fortress"). Walburga Black is a real hostess of her house: even after she had died she kept commanding from her portrait, screaming and saying lots of rude words. Also, there is Walpurgis Night (May 1st) when the night witches revel.
Carrow, Alecto (a Death Eater) - In Greek mythology, Alecto was one of the Furies. Her name is derived from the Greek "alektos" meaning "unceasing in anger". Death Eaters are known not to be very kind and polite.
Carrow, Amycus (a Death Eater) - In Greek mythology, Amycus was the son of Poseidon and the nymph Melia. He was a king of the Bebryces, a mythical people in Bithynia, and was very skilled in boxing. Amycus may come from the Latin "amicus", meaning "friend" (however, this is ironic, because any Death Eater is obviously not a "friend").
Chang, Cho (a Ravenclaw, girlfriend to Cedric Diggory) - "Cho" is Japanese for "butterfly" and in Chinese it means "autumn". "Chang" is Chinese for "free" or "unhindered". In Chinese, "chou chang" means "melancholy". This all suits Cho very much.
On the other hand, "Cho" is Japanese for "very, extremely". "Chang ", when used as a first name, can signify a quick thinking person. Therefore, Cho Chang is "very quick thinking", which is quite appropriate for a Ravenclaw as this house is famous for its smart and intelligent students.
Crabbe, Vincent and Goyle, Gregory (Draco Malfoy's goons) - If you switch the first letters of Crabbe and Goyle, you will get "grab" and "coil" which is what a snake does to its prey. These are suitable for two Slytherin students as the symbol of this house is a snake.
Harry Potter is not simply a children’s tale - there is an attempt to find the answers to the eternal questions behind the magical plot. The work on the paper helped me realize that the things are much more complicated than they may seem, that everything in the novel is symbolic.
References
1. Duckett B. Oxford Dictionary of English (2nd edition, revised)», Reference Reviews. Vol. 20: 2. - 2006. - Pp.32 —
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Романчук Марина Г еннадьевна
Старший преподаватель, Воронежский государственный университет инженерных технологий
Романчук Вероника Олеговна Преподаватель , ФГКВОУ ВПО ВУНЦ ВВС "ВВА"
СУЩНОСТЬ ПЕРВИЧНОЙ И ВТОРИЧНОЙ КАТЕГОРИЙ НОМИНАЦИИ
Аннотация
В данной статье рассматривается лингвистическое описание лексических единиц языка,которое невозможно без обращения к теории номинации, к настоящему времени сложившейся в языкознании. С выяснением того, как соотносятся между собой понятийные формы мышления, каким образом создаются, закрепляются и распределяются наименования за разными фрагментами объективной реальности связаны понятия первичной и вторичной категорий номинации.
Ключевые слова: первичная номинация, вторичная номинация, семиологический анализ, речевая единица.
Romanchuk Marina Gennadievna Senior Lecturer, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technology Romanchuk Veronika Olegovna
Teacher, AIR FORCE ACADEMY named after N.E. Zhukovsky and U. A. Gagarin THE ESSENCE OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY NOMINATION CATEGORIES
Abstract
This article examines linguistic description of lexical units of a language which is not possible without recourse to the theory of designation, by now prevailing in linguistics. From figuring out of how to correlate conceptual forms of thinking, how names for different fragments are created, distributed and fixed.
Keywords: primary category of denotation, secondary nomination, metaliguistic capability ,semiological method of forming verbal signs.
The exceptional nature of human language is to perform word denotation as well as the sentence one. That’s where the metaliguistic capability of interpreting not only semiotic systems but also the language itself comes from. All that gives the researches an ideal opportunity to come to the following conclusion: there are two different, though interconnected, spheres of designation in a language.
Firstly, it is the scope of the primary, actually semiological method of forming verbal signs denoting repetitive presentation of objective reality and subjective experience of native speakers. Secondly it’s the area of secondary denotation, creating statements as "full signs". Nominative signs are mainly used for classification-nominative sphere and, performing representative function, denote single objects and facts as well as give the name of the class of objects or a series of facts, because they express the generalized notions and concepts of the diverse "world of things and ideas."
Predicative signs "supply" the sphere of communication, so the core of the signified of these distinctive signs is a
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communicative task, the modality of expression, something new, what actually these speech units are created for.
Thus, classification of the term "primary category" to the words and phrases, and "secondary nomination" to the sentences respectively, is justified by comparing the words in the language system and sentences as units of speech.
Primary and secondary designation in this sense is represented differently in terms of "basic" and "modified"; "Deep" and "casual". To refer to the ability of modern languages replenish their inventory nominative, the concept of secondary nomination is introduced, which is understood as the use of phonetic shape of a primitive linguistic unit for the new labeling, i.e. the emergence of new values in a particular linguistic unit.
The results of secondary nomination are seen as derivatives of morphological structure and meaning. Methods of secondary nomination in this sense differ a lot, depending on the linguistic resources used to create new names, and the nature of this interconnection is "the name of reality."
According to the type of techniques for differentiation the following are used: 1) word formation as a regular way of creating new words and meanings; 2) syntactic transposition, in which the morphological means indicates a change in syntactic function while maintaining lexical meaning; 3) semantic transposition, which does not change the material image reinterpreted units and leads to the polysemantic words formation. By the nature of specifying the name of the validity, two types of secondary nomination are recognised - autonomous and non-autonomous (indirect).
Autonomous nomination is a secondary meaning of the words, taking on an independent nominative function and calling that a fragment of objective reality, with its features or acts being autonomous on the basis of a single name. When a nonautonomous formation of a new linguistic unit occurs through the use of combinatorial techniques, such sign unit "always refers to its referent indirectly, through semantic reference for this combination name".
Thus, the indirect secondary nomination is presented in the language in a logical form of tropes. Phrases, realized due to the constructive value, are simple nominative signs, acting as multiword equivalent of the word.
References
1. Hamad S. To Recognize is to Categorize: Cognition is Categorization. In: Handbook of Categorization, Elsevier, 2005.
2. Hamad S. To Recognize is to Categorize: Cognition is Categorization. In: Handbook of Categorization, Elsevier, 2005
3. Cifuentes Honrubia J.L. Gramatica Cognitiva. Fundamentos criticos/ J.L. Cifuentes Honrubia. - Eudema, Madrid, 1994. -254 p.
4. Talmy L. The relation of grammar to cognition / L. Talmy // Topics in Cognitive Linguistics. - Rudzka-Ostyn (ed.), 1988. - P.
165-205
5. Talmy L. Toward a Cognitive Semantics. Vol. 2: Typology and Process in Concept Structuring. [online]. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2000.
6. Taylor John R. Linguistic categorization/ John R. Taylor. - Oxford University Press, 2003. - 328 p.
Ильченко Ольга Сергеевна
Доктор филологических наук, Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет СЕМАНТИЧЕСКИЕ ПРИЗНАКИ В ТЕОРИИ ПАДЕЖА: ВОЗРАЖЕНИЯ И ПОПРАВКИ
Аннотация
В статье рассматриваются проблемы категории падежа. Общее значение грамматического падежа основывается, по мысл автора, на базовых пространственных образах (ВНЕ - ВНУТРИ) и связано с понятием диатезы и переходности глагола.
Ключевые слова: грамматический падеж, семантическое состояние, метафора пространственных отношений.
Ilchenko Olga Sergeevna
Doctor of Philology, Saint-Petersburg State University SEMANTIC FEATURES IN CASE THEORY: OBJECTIONS AND CORRECTIONS
Abstract
The article considers the problems of the category of case. According to the author’s interpretation, the general meaning of grammatical case is based on primitive spatial images (IN - OUT) and connected with diatheses and the category of transitivity.
Keywords: grammatical case, semantic state, metaрhor of spatial images.
The structural approach to the language semantics is very difficult because the scholars haven’t managed so far to find universal semantic differential features. The attempts to elicit the features belonging exclusively to the plane of content have been made by L. Hjelmslev and R. Jacobson in their well-known works on case. Although Hjelmslev’s and Jacobson’s studies were rather subjective because the authors’conclusions were based on their intuition, we cannot entirely exclude intuition from linguistic research.
Ju. N. Karaulov made an attempt to construct the objective technique in order to find the invariant cases meanings on the material of the Estonian language. He was guided by his intuition to unite several normative meanings into one common state. It was A. N. Kolmogorov’s hypothesis (“the case is a class of absolutely equivalent semantic states in relation to the object’) which aroused the fundamental supposition. If the state of two objects is equal, their lexical meanings don’t matter. Karaulov supposes that the concept ‘state’ in the adequate linguistic interpretation includes three semantic features: the direction of the action, the border of the object and interrelation of the object and the action. They form “the basis of the space of logical possibilities" [3].
Let us look at the relevance of these semantic features in regard to the content of case.
1. The feature of the action (‘direction’): toor fromthe object (is expressed explicitly or implicitly), no direction (is not expressed explicitly).
Objection. We should not include ‘the direction of the action’ in case semantics, however, many scholars do it. They usually name the following spatial relations which are present as shades of case-form meanings in actant functions: the
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