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PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES
THE EPIC TRADITION OF THE TITLING Eshiev A.M. (Republic of Kyrgyzstan) Email: Eshiev446@scientifictext.ru
Eshiev Asylbek Mirzatilaevich - Doctor of Philology, Professor, DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE, JALAL-ABAD STATE UNIVERSITY, JALAL-ABAD CITY, KYRGYZ REPUBLIC
Abstract: the article deals with the tradition of titling epic heroes in the Manas epic. The epic rank uul (son) stands out in particular, its fundamental difference from the onoma bala (boy, child). The presence of the title offorty knights in the eponym-title (and the title of er (hero)) and additions to female names are analyzed. It is concluded that in the epic there were specific epic concepts as a tradition of titling, initiation into the ancestry eponym-title, renaming one's own name into title naming, etc.
Keywords: epic "Manas", tradition of titling, initiation into eponym-title, title of er (hero), rank uul (son).
ЭПИЧЕСКИЕ ТРАДИЦИИ ТИТУЛОВАНИЯ Эшиев А.М. (Кыргызская Республика)
Эшиев Асылбек Мирзатилаевич - доктор филологических наук, профессор, кафедра английского языка и литературы,
Жалал-Абадский государственный университет, г. Жалал-Абад, Кыргызская Республика
Аннотация: в статье рассматривается традиция титулования эпических героев в эпосе «Манас». Особо выделяется эпический ранг уул (сын), его принципиальное различие от онома бала (дитя, чадо). Анализируются наличия титулования сорока витязей в эпонима-титула (и титула эр (витязь)) и прибавления к женским именам. Делается вывод, что в эпосе существовали специфические эпические понятия как традиция титулования, посвящение в родословного эпонима-титула, переименование собственного имени в титульное прозвание и т. д.
Ключевые слова: эпос «Манас», традиция титулования, посвящение в эпонима-титула, титул эр (витязь), ранг уул (сын).
In the national epics and poems, legends and fairy-tales there was an institution of titling, which is associated with brave and heroic deeds of epic and epic heroes. On this issue, quite a number of scholars and researchers, such as V. Zhirmunsky (epic heroes, titles) [1], E. Meletinsky (title tegin) [2], N. Baskakov (titles er (hero), Alp-er) [3], E. Nadzhip (title of er (hero)) [4], V. Ivanov (title of batyr (hero)) [5], V. Butanaev (Title of ir (er) (hero)) [6], S. Surazakov (titles of epic heroes) [7], E. Sidorov (title e-er (son)) [8], I. Kyzlasov (title er (hero)) [9], etc.
In the epic "Manas" there was a tradition of titling the leading epic heroes. However, it does not say that to whom, when and what titles or ranks were assigned. It so happened that the former name of the epic character in the verse lines disappears unnoticed, no longer repeats, a new title name of the epic hero appears in his place. It seems that the first narrators-manaschy did not consider it necessary to remind the well-known one more time, because all his contemporaries were aware of such a sacred initiation. Presumably, the tribal tradition of renaming proper names into title ancestry names has long existed.
The guard of forty knights (kyrk choro) of Manas was made up of representatives from forty tribes of Kyrgyz people. It is possible that the delegated and selected knights could be from the khan and noble families. Manas, in his personal gvard, had a maximum of eighty-
four warriors. Apparently, this included forty knight and doubles - operational reserve. Obviously, all the warriors from the forty knights of Manas were named after the second pedigree by the valiant name. In the event of the death or loss of confidence of the guardsman, he could be replaced and filled up by the ranks of the forty knight warriors from the reserve with a newly made ancestry name along with the title of er. Thus, "the most recent buildup to the name of Manas is probably the definition of er in the form of Hero Manas, or Kazakh Hero Sain, Hero Targyn, typical of the ancient and medieval Turkic epic" [10]. Apparently, the main epic heroes Manas, Sain, Targyn did not hold the title of er before the enthronement, and it was assigned to them after their heroic deeds. In this case, we agree with the opinion of F. Urmanche, where "the word ar - er in the ancient Turkic monuments is never used as part of proper names, unlike the word alp - alp" [10].
Epic rank uul (ul, el; son)). The companion of the youth of Manas, whose own name is Aynakul, was one of the first to be renamed the eponym-title Kyrgyl. Kyrktyn bashy Kyrgyl (Head of the 40 knights is Kyrgyl) [12, p. 150]. The eponym-title Kyrgyl could designate the name of forty clans (kyrk el). Yramandyn balasi ... (He is a child of Yraman ...) // Atyn uksan Karatay (His name is Karatay) [12, p. 92]. In the original own name - Karatay is only boy (child), but not uul (son). After consecration, he is given a new eponym-title of Yramandyn Yrchy uul (Yraman's son is a poet) // Kyrk choronun biri bul (One of forty knights) [12, p. 93].
Karatay was the son of Kazakh Yraman, a resident of Oirat Orgo khan. He was given the title uul along with the eponym-title. Therefore, the onoma boy (child) differed from the title uul (son) (ogul; Kor-ogly), regardless of his age position. In the epic, there are other names with the participation of uul - Boz uul and Kokboru uul Kokkoyon, apparently, and they were given such title rank (Yrchy uul and Boz uul) [13, p. 177], (Kokboru uulu Kokkoyon (Kokkoyon's son Kokboru)) [14, p. 192]. As you can see, on the hierarchical degree of rank uul (son) stood below the title of er (hero), for example, Hero Manas, Hero Koshoy, Hero Toshtuk , Hero Chubak, Hero Kokcho, Hero Serek, etc.
Epic eponym-title and title of er (hero). Aitty sozdu Er Serek, (Said the word Hero Serek,) //Murunku Aty Baysabay (Former his name Baysabay) [13, p. 169]; Aty Teke, ozu bek (His name is Teke, he himself was the prince) // Syny Syrgak, ashyk er (Nickname Syrgak, knight is hero) [13, p. 174]; Aty Bolot - Er Chubak (His name is Bolot - knight Hero Chubak) [13, p. 244]. The knight of Hero Serek had his former own name Baysabay, while Hero Syrgak had Teke. Hero Chubak was former called Bolot. It should be noted that, in the epic, the title of er (hero) is added at the same time with introsized title eponyms. The terms choro and er from kyrk choro probably had status as well as the medieval noble title knight (ritter), hero. In the epic, only Manas had forty knight, a personal guard, represented by one choro-guard from each tribe of forty tribal Kyrgyz people.
Addition to the epic female names. Sanirabiygany (Name Sanirabiyga) // Turkoyu Kyrgyz tuk bilbey (Kyrgyz were not familiar) [12, p. 416]. She was enthroned in a new clan eponym before arriving in Kyrgyz lands, because on arrival, people did not realize that she had a different girlish name. Andan kiyin atagy (After her generic name) // Kanykey atka kalyptyr (She was named Kanykey) [12, p. 416]. It turns out that the daughter of Bukhara Temirkan Sanirabiyga after marriage for Manas began to be called Kanykey. Apparently, in the eponym-title Kanykey there is an epic supreme title Kan. The same picture could be observed in the Kiev princess, where "... Olga is named in holy baptism by Elena ..." [11, p. 90]. Thus, "the addition to the female names of various generic or title designations was known throughout the Eastern world. ... This tradition passes through all the Middle Ages, falling into numerous works of folklore, especially the national epic" [10].
Thus, in the epic "Manas", within the framework of the traditions of folklore works, there are such specific epic concepts as enthronement and tradition of titling, initiation into the ancestry eponym-title, elevation to rank, addition to female names, renaming own name with title name, naming the nick name of the hero, etc.
References / Список литературы
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