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40THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE USE OF REPETION TRANSLATION IN
POETRY
Diyora Rustam qizi Muxamatjonova
1st grade master's degree student of foreign languages and literature (English) Toshkent region Chirchik state pedagogical institute
ABSTRACT
At its simplest, repetition is a word or phrase used multiple times in a text, for the purpose of emphasizing an emotion or idea. It might seem counterintuitive to repeat, repeat, repeat, but when wielded correctly, the repetition of words and phrases has powerful effects in literature. You're most likely to find examples of repetition in poetry, but both poetry and prose utilize the same devices, like epizeuxis, anadiplosis, and chiasmus. We'll dive into those strange Greek words in a minute, but before dissecting the types of repetition, let's properly define repetition in literature.
Key words: Repetition, antanaclasis, antimetabole, anadiplosis, anaphora
INTRODUCTION
Translation Studies is the field of study that deals with the theory, description, and application of translation. Because it examines translation not only as interlingual transfer but also as intercultural communication, it can also be described as an interdiscipline which touches on other diverse fields of knowledge, including comparative literature, cultural studies, gender studies, computer science, history, linguistics, philosophy, rhetoric, and semiotics. Translation Studies is often paired with Interpreting, although the two are distinct fields.
Although translators from the Romans have had much to say about the theory and practice of translation, it was not until the twentieth century that Translation Studies emerged as a formal academic discipline. James S Holmes' 1972 landmark paper entitled The Name and Nature of Translation Studies was the foundational statement of Translation Studies: it called for the creation of a distinct discipline with its own system of classification.
The study of translation usually includes the analysis of key texts, enabling students to develop an awareness of the problems of understanding and interpretation. It also involves the development of the analytical, practical, evaluative, aesthetic, and expository skills required to address translation problems. Finally, it includes the development of research skills, practical translation skills, and the ability to develop strategies for managing complex linguistic and cultural transactions.
DISCUSSIONS AND RESULTS
Repetition is a technique to repeat the same words or phrases or full-sentence several times to make the idea more memorable and clear to the reader. When using repetition poet should be aware of what he/she is repeating is important to the subject of the poem. Otherwise, it can sound overdone. Repetition brings the theme and hidden meaning into the light. It is to emphasize an idea, feeling, or thought which poet wants to express more deeply. Many poets understand the effectiveness of this technique and utilize it as a meaningful weapon. It has many types.
That ends this strange eventful history, Is second childishness and mere oblivion;
Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything.
In the above lines, Shakespeare has described the old age, which he called second childishness, the stage of oblivion in which a man sinks into nothingness. Stress on the word 'sans' means that a man remains without teeth, eyes, taste, and many other things in the old age.
Stopping by the woods in the snowy evening - Robert Frost The woods are lovely dark and deep But I have promises to keep And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before I sleep.
These are very famous lines of Frost. Here the person is standing in the snowy evening along with his horse. He is pondering at the beauty of surrounding when his horse alarmed him. He is ready to go back because he has to perform worldly duties and tasks. Here through repetition, the poet wants to express his devotion towards his responsibilities and also gives rhythm to the lines.
Excelsior - Henry. W. Longfellow
The shades of night were falling fast... A banner with the strange device,
Excelsior There is a twilight cold and gray, Lifeless, but beautiful, he lay. A voice fell like a falling star, Excelsior.
In the above lines, the word 'Excelsior' is repeated twice. Excelsior is a Latin word and means ever upward and ever higher. In other words, keep your aim high. It not only uses for the stress but also helps the poet to create rhythm.
Repetition literary devices have existed since the dawn of literature, and they were especially prominent in both Ancient Greece and Rome. These devices exist partially because of their emphatic value, and partially because literature was often retold orally, so repetition helped storytellers remember "what comes next" as they recited their work.As such, the following devices all have Greek names. For the modern English speaker, this makes remembering each device a bit confusing—how am I supposed to know my antistrophe from my antanaclasis? As such, we've defined each device next to the word itself, making these types of repetition easier to navigate. In addition to using these devices in your writing, you can also impress your friends by telling them what they just said is an antimetabole.
1. Anadiplosis—Repetition in Successive Clauses
Anadiplosis is when a word or phrase is repeated in successive clauses. Usually, the phrase shows up at the end of one clause and the beginning of the next. You'll find anadiplosis often in classic literature, and this device is especially prevalent in the Bible. Take this excerpt from the Book of Genesis (1:1-2):
In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. And the earth was without form, and void.
In this passage, "the earth" ends the first sentence and starts the second. This puts the earth at the center of the text, emphasizing its importance and outsized presence in Genesis.
2. Anaphora—Repetition at the Beginning of Lines or Clauses For the most part, anaphora is an example of repetition in poetry. This device involves the repeated use of a word or phrase at the beginning of each line in a poem, or each sentence in prose.
Let's look at repetition examples for each. In poetry, anaphora is present in the piece "The Delight Song of Tsoai-talee" by N. Scott Momaday. Read this poem at our article Literary Devices in Poetry.
In prose, consider this sentence from the novel Farewell, My Lovely by Raymond Chandler:
I needed a drink, I needed a lot of life insurance, I needed a vacation, I needed a home in the country. What I had was a coat, a hat, and a gun.
The repeating phrase "I needed" highlights the narrator's desperation, especially since each need is a luxury only afforded to the wealthy and comfortable. The following sentence, which describes the narrator's belongings, offers insight into the narrator's psyche and behavior—we know his needs and what he has to obtain those needs.
CONCLUSION
Repetition in literature offers a variety of powerful rhetorical strategies. In the above repetition examples, we've seen this device do the following:
• Emphasize key themes and ideas
• Underscore the relationship between ideas
• Emulate sounds and experiences
• Invert ideas for emphasis
• Juxtapose ideas to challenge the reader
• Play with multiple meanings and ambiguities
• Situate an important setting in the text, both figuratively and literally
• Suggest a character's interiority
Repetition can do all of the above, and much more. What makes repetition in poetry and prose so powerful is that it emphasizes other devices and ideas in the text.
Since the main effect of repetition is emphasis, writers should harness the repetition of words to underscore what their work is trying to accomplish. By skillfully repeating words and phrases, writers can clue the reader towards what they're trying to say in their work, using the tools of rhetoric in artistic and literary ways.
REFERENCES
1. Y.Turashbek. Master Tutor, Kazakh State Women's Teacher Training
University. Linguistic issues of translation.
2. Alexeyeva L.M. Professional training of a translator.// L.M.Alexeyeva. - St.P.,
2002.
3. Samuel Taylor Coleridge's "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner ":
4. Sean Glatch Repetition Definition: Types of Repetition in Poetry and Prose
5. https://writers.com/repetition-definition
6. https://www.getblend.com/blog/basic-theory-translation/
7. https://www.getblend.com/blog/basic-theory-translation/
