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11INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL RESEARCH
DOI 10.5281/zenodo. 5731674
International journal of theoretical and practical research
Scientific Journal
Year: 2021 Issue: 1 Published:
Volume: 1 01.11.2021
http://alferganus.uz
Citation:
Margianti, E.S., Ikramov, M. A. (2021). The effectiveness of the implementation of state-private partnership in road and transport complex of Uzbekistan.
SJ International journal of theoretical and practical research, 1 (1),60-68.
Doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5731626
DOI 10.5281/zenodo. 5731626
QR-Article
Margianti Eco S.
Doctor of Economics, professor, Guandarma University, Indonesia
Ikramov Murat Akramovich
Doctor of Economics, professor, Tashkent State University of Economics, Uzbekistan
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF STATEPRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN ROAD AND TRANSPORT COMPLEX OF
UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: The article deals with the problem of the implementation of public -private partnership in the road - transport of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Based on the analysis of international experience, the authors suggested measures to enhance the concession form ofpublic-private partnerships in infrastructure sectors of the national economy of Uzbekistan, on the example of road-transport complex.
Keywords: transportation, transportation management, partnership, public-private partnerships, concession activity.
Margianti Eco S.
Iqtisodfanlari doktori, professor, Gunadarma Universiteti, Indoneziya
Ikramov Murat Akramovich
Iqtisod fanlari doktori, professor, Toshkent Davlat Iqtisodiyot universiteti
© ©
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O'ZBEKISTON AVTOMOBIL VA TRANSPORT MAJMUASIDA DAVLAT-XUSUSIY SHERIKLIGINI AMALGA OSHIRISH
SAMARADORLIGI
Annotatsiya: Maqolada O'zbekiston Respublikasining avtomobil - transport sohasida davlat-xususiy sherikligini amalga oshirish muammosi ko'rib chiqiladi. Xalqaro tajriba tahlili asosida mualliflar yo'l-transport majmuasi misolida O'zbekiston milliy iqtisodiyotining infratuzilma tarmoqlarida davlat-xususiy sektor hamkorligining konsepsiya shaklini oshirish chora-tadbirlarini taklif etdilar.
Kalit so'zlar: transport, transportni boshqarish, sheriklik, davlat-xususiy sheriklik, kontsessiya faoliyati.
Маргианти Эко С.
Доктор экономических наук, профессор, Университет Гунадарма, Индонезия
Икрамов Мурат Акрамович
Доктор экономических наук, профессор Ташкентский государственный экономический университет, Узбекистан
ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННО-ЧАСТНОГО ПАРТНЕРСТВА В ДОРОЖНО-ТРАНСПОРТНОМ КОМПЛЕКСЕ УЗБЕКИСТАНА
Аннотация: В статье рассматривается проблема реализации государственно-частного партнерства в сфере автомобильного транспорта Республики Узбекистан. На основе анализа международного опыта авторами предложены меры по расширению концессионной формы государственно -частного партнерства в инфраструктурных секторах национальной экономики Узбекистана на примере дорожно-транспортного комплекса.
Ключевые слова: транспорт, управление перевозками, партнерство, государственно-частное партнерство, концессионная деятельность.
One of the main problems in the process of modernization and liberalization of socio-economic life of each country is the problem of efficient use of state property. Modern experience of the developed countries shows the possibility of using several methods of managing state property on the basis of market relations. Privatization is one of these methods. But it should be noted that only the privatization of the property does not always produce the expected results. According to experts, in this direction it is necessary to use the advantages of state-private partnerships - another way of effective management of state property.
In modern science, state-private partnership is the institutional and organizational association that occurs between the public and private businesses to implement social
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projects. The system of partnership between the public and private sectors is one of the main components of the mixed economic theory. In practice, this system embodies a certain set of attitudes and institutional environment. The state, in turn, taking responsibility for the formation of the institutional environment is considered as a subject that develops procedures and rules of relationships.
Among well-known forms of state-private partnerships in Uzbekistan corporate enterprises are widespread, they have a legal form as a joint stock company, limited liability company and double liability company.
The authors of this article focus on the future practical application of state-private partnership in the road transport complex of Uzbekistan. However, it would be appropriate to use a phrase such as "property partnership" instead of "state-private partnership." As we know from economic theory, in economy there are only forms of public and private property, or mixed forms. Consequently, relations concerning public and private property, more correctly called "partnership property".
Abroad, there is a type of the implementation of the partnership property, which is called "partial privatization" when the state provides the private business with only part of the material authority. Some forms of presenting state material authority may be a concession, agreement, the agreement on the distribution of products, joint ventures, etc.
Among these forms of property partnerships concession plays significant role, which has been used successfully by many countries as the most appropriate mechanism to establish property relations based on the principles of the market economy.
It should be noted that international experience of using concessions indicates that such agreements are widespread, mainly in the infrastructural sectors, including rail and road sector, in the municipal sector, power, and pipeline transport.
For example, one of the concession projects implemented at the end of the last century in the UK, was a project of Skye Bridge. Skye Bridge - is a 400-meter-long toll bridge connecting the Strait of Loch Alsh in Scotland with the Isle of Skye, the construction of which in 1989 the British government announced a tender. This tender was won by a joint venture Miller-Dywidag, created by companies Miller Civil Engineering (Edinburgh) and Dyckerhoff & Widmann AG (Munich).
Skye Bridge project is considered the first British projects of infrastructure with involvement of PFI (Private Finance Initiative - PFI) according to the agreement signed in 1991 by the Department of Development of the Ministry of Scotland, the UK.
Another project in Hungary is M5 highway. The project provides toll-based operation of the international trade corridor extending from Budapest to the southern border of Hungary, linking Western Europe to the Balkans and Black Sea areas.
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Another feature of this project is that the M5 highway is considered to be a special part of the project, constituting the North-South highway Trans- Europe supported by the UN Economic Commission for Europe, and is part of the 4th transport corridor Pan-Europe(Berlin - Prague - Bratislava - Budapest - Thessaloniki - Istanbul). International tender was declared in 1992 for financing, construction and operation of the highway and in February of the same year the Franco-Austrian-Hungarian consortium, managed by the company Bouygues and Bau Holdings won the tender. Funding for the first phase of the concession was assigned to the company Alfold Koncesszios Autopalaya (AKA), which are the major shareholders of Bouygues and Bau Holdings. The terms of the concession defined prepayment, the composition of tariffs and order of tariff increase.
Given the lack of experience with this form of partnership property in Uzbekistan, the article will discuss the perspectives of concessional agreements in the sectors included in the road transport sector of the Republic, in which public ownership is a priority.
There are a number of reasons for choosing this field as an object of research conducted in this paper. Here are just a few of them: firstly, in Uzbekistan, as well as throughout the world, the need to produce social benefits that serve to meet the growing needs of the population and industries, with each year becomes more urgent; secondly, the increase in production in the complex, in turn, causes congestion of a large number of public resources in the industry; third, the current globalization of the industry, which is included in this complex may provide a connection of the country's economy to international economic relations; fourth, the importance of road transport sector as a sector that produces good, and the priority of state property in it raises the possibility of using the complex forms of property concession agreements.
As it was noted, Uzbekistan pays insufficient attention to the problems of concession activities corresponding concession form of cooperation, which implies economic relations public and private sectors, particularly in the infrastructure sectors. Insufficient knowledge of international experience of imprisonment and state regulation of concession agreements, as well as the lack of research on the problems of the formation of forms of concession activities in our country, issues the challenge before the Sciences of Uzbekistan to strengthen research in this direction.
At first glance it seems that the priority of social approval of state interests in the activity of the complex and continuous excellence for private business interest income deny the intersection of the interests of these two subjects of property. Indeed, the possibility of road transport sector, as a producer of social good, to bring sales revenue - quite a controversial topic. Despite this, we will try to highlight a few areas that allow
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a concession agreement for the participation of the private sector in the activities of the complex.
Firstly, in the process of construction, repair and maintenance of roads can actively engage the private sector. As international experience shows, it is possible to exploit the individual objects of road infrastructure on a fee basis, and this, in turn, will satisfy the need for a material interest of private business. In this regard, it is necessary to develop national standards for the construction of toll roads or reconstruction of public roads taking into consideration the views of international experts.
Secondly, industrial enterprises producing construction materials of the Roads of the Republic, are still state-owned. Since the question of their corporatization is not worth it in the agenda, they can also be for a fixed term to hand over to the concession. At the same time to meet the material interest of the private sector it is required to develop a mechanism to negotiate prices for products produced by these industrial enterprises.
Third, it is possible to use the practice of giving the objects of roadside infrastructure and service on a fixed term on the basis of the concession contract. Of course, due to lack of funds in the complex immediate privatization of such objects seems appropriate, however, it should be noted that the fuller utilization of object of delivery service on some structures of road sector can lead to more efficient use of state property.
In this article, recommendations are developed on the operation of toll roads that did not exist in the history of the road sector in Uzbekistan. This is part of a 886 kilometers to 910 kilometers of the international highway M-39 "Almaty-Bishkek-Tashkent-Termez" passing now through the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
As history of road of Uzbekistan shows, construction of M-39 was launched in 60-70s years of the 20th century. It passes over 658 km through the capital of Uzbekistan, Tashkent city Syrdarya, Jizzakh, Samarkand, Shakhrisabz, Guzar, Dekhkanabad, Sherabad, Angor, connects the capital of the Republic of Kazakhstan Almaty with the Uzbek town of Termez.
Part of this highway passing through the territory of Uzbekistan, crossing the 24 km of the territory of Kazakhstan, re-enters the territory of the country. According to the authors, these 24 kilometers of the highway can be reconstructed on the basis of international requirements and resume movement by transferring the management of the toll road newly created International Corporation.
Calculations show that the reconstruction of this part of the highway M-39 to international toll roads and commissioning required investment funds in the amount of 69960.90 million sums. In addition, repair and maintenance costs of the International Corporation annually amount to about 257.75 million sums.
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If we consider that the average traffic volume at the beginning of line, i.e. passing through Tashkent and Syrdarya region of 26872 vehicles per day, and that on average 65% of the car re-registered in the institution road office Sardob, starting from the border of Kazakhstan, the possible number of passing through the toll road vehicles (potential intensity) will be 17467 vehicles per day).
At the same time, all the roads reaching the highway and leaving it have to be closed, as well as the problem of construction of new, parallel lines, roads for local traffic should be solved. With the parts agreeing on the need for these roads, based on expert judgment, it is necessary to identify the sources of construction financing.
Of course, these calculations and the resulting observational data make it possible to determine the cost of launching the international toll road (Table 1).
Table 1. Efficiency of launching an international toll road
№ Activities and indicators Quantity and Cost, million
number unit of sums.
measurement
1 Construction of the international road 24 km 59357,35
category 1 (4-row, with asphalt concrete covering) with bridges and monolithic concrete walls
2 Installing CCTV devices along roads In 20 points 19,95
3 Installing anti-freezing devices of the mark 1500 m 1458,6
«SOPO»
4 Construction of transitional spaces with the installation of toll system 2 1500
5 Installation of modern scales 2 units 5500
6 Construction of points of service 2 units 375
7 Installation of metal fencing 24 km 1750
8 The cost of repairs and safety of the toll road 24 km 257,75
9 The costs associated with the construction of the road category II (2-row, with asphalt concrete covering) 24 km 13421,1
10 Total expenses 83639,75
11 Traffic 17467 vehicles/day
12 Daily revenue (tolls 0,04$/km*24=2400 sum) 41,92
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Annual revenue Payback period, year
15301,09
5,47
Thus, according to preliminary estimates the payback period of the international investment project, which makes it possible to return to the continuous operation of the highway M-39 from Tashkent to Termez, is 5.47 years.
For comparison, the payback period in the above-named British project Skye Bridge according to preliminary calculations was 20 years old. Based on the in-service bridge revenues, the payback period had to be reduced to 17 years. Ultimately, investors regained their investment for 4 years earlier than planned, i.e., for 13 years. The terms of the concession project of the Hungarian M5 highway concessionaire provides delivery of state highways in 35 years in good working condition.
In the above calculations the costs associated with the organization of an international corporation are not taken into consideration. In fact, as shown by international experience, the organization of any large international business entity, along with greater complexity than the organization of national companies provide great financial cost.
In our case, it is advisable to organize a corporation in the form of a joint stock company, which is considered by far the most effective organizational and legal form. At the same time 51 % of the shares issued by the corporation, may belong to residents of the Republic of Kazakhstan (since the highway M-39 passes through the territory of Kazakhstan), and the remaining 49% - residents of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Recognizing that the governments of both countries are free to decide the placement of the package of shares, we consider it necessary to underline the feasibility of providing supplies the absolute number of these shares to private business. Of course, in the course of the project the parties may use the opportunity to attract public funds to finance the project through the return of these funds by selling these shares after the private sector, or immediately raise equity capital by selling shares. But in both cases, the relationship will work, involving public and private sectors.
When activated, this part of the toll motorway it is advisable to sign an international agreement between the two countries, as well as recognition by the two states the status of corporation as a participant of legal relations that determine the full responsibility on the territory of the highway.
Summarizing, we can say the following. Implementation of the project, proposed in this paper, which is the first concession project, the organization of which is possible in Uzbekistan, is a more efficient use of transit potential of road transport sector of our country. According to the authors, there are several other projects to increase the attractiveness of the road transport industry for private capital, so the development of
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them considers an urgent task at the present stage of development of infrastructure in Uzbekistan.
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