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THE EFFECT OF IRRITATION OF THE ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR HYPOTHALAMIC HYPOTHALAMUS ON THE CONCENTRATION OF MONOAMINES OF THE VISUAL FIELD OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX
ГАСАНОВА ЛАУРА ГЕЙДАР КЫЗЫ
доцент кафедры Физиологии Азербайджанского Государственного Педагогического Университета
(Баку, Азербайджан).
Abstract. It is considered that in the cerebral cortex, serotonin and noradrenaline monoamines are closely involved in performing complex functions of the cortex . Such a reasoning is confirmed by literature data that there is a close histological connection between the neurons of these mediators in the cerebral cortex [2,p74].
According to literature data, the hypothalamus has direct non-breaking neuronal connections with the monoaminergic system, which allows it to interact with the structures of the cerebral cortex [3,p. 94]
In this regard, there is a great interest in the study of the quantitative change in the level of monoamine in the visual cortex of the brain due to electrical irritation of the anterior hypothalamus. It is known that the ratio of these two amines, namely serotonin and noradrenaline, is of great importance in controlling behavior in the body [7,p. 244]
In this regard, we devoted this article to the study of the quantitative variation of monoamines in the visual cortex of the brain of electrical irritation of the anterior and posterior hypothalamus. Key words: hypothalamus, cerebral, cortex, serotonin, noradrenaline.
Introduction. The study used same-breed "Chinchilla" island rabbits, the weight of which was 2.5-3 kg. Experimental animals were kept in predetermined laboratory conditions. The main purpose of the research work is to study the effect of electrical irritation of the anterior - VM and posterior -AHL areas of the hypothalamus on the level of monoamine of the visual cortex areas of the brain. The following method was used in the study:
For the determination of catecholamines (noradrenaline) and oxyindol (serotonin) in brain cells, i.e. in the visual cortex [5,p.303] flyuorimetric method was used, which allowed the simultaneous determination of the amount of monoamines (serotonin and noradrenaline) during the studies. The results of the studies carried out revealed a variability in the level of monoamines (serotonin and noradrenaline) in the visual cortex against irritation of the anterior and posterior hypothalamus. The experiments were carried out in the following series:
1. Selection in laboratory conditions of animals with the same type of behavior.
2. Implementation of the process of adaptation in animals-adaptation to experimental conditions.
3. Preparation of reagents necessary for analysis.
The experiments were carried out on 36 heads of adult island rabbits (30 experiments and 6 controls). Animals weighing 2.5-3 kg were fixed to the stereotaxic apparatus under Nembutal narcosis (35-40 mg,kg) and non-chromium (nichrome) electrodes isolated from the plant with a diameter of 150 mk were injected for electrostimulation and coagulation of subcellular derivatives of their brain. Coordinates of sub-cortex derivatives (structures) of the brain stereotaxic atlases [1,p27].
Anterior and archalateral hypothalamus i.e. sub-crustal derivatives were irritated for 10 minutes by a rectilinear current with a strength equal to 0.1 mA, an impact duration (length) of 1.5 ms and a frequency of 5.50,200,500 Hz. As soon as the irritation (stimulation ) was relieved, brain tissue was taken from the visual cortex of the brain(depending on the point of irritation - ipsi and contralateral -counterlateral) for biochemical analysis (i.e.) for the determination of monoamines, and then the anterior and posterior nuclei of the hypothalamus were coagulated.
Brain tissue taken from the field of vision of the cerebral cortex was homogenized in the presence of butanol in the homogenesator apparatus. All stages of the analysis were carried out on ice. The flyuorimetric method was used to determine the amount of monoamines [9,p91]. The intensity of the flyuorescence was determined in a spectrofluorimeter (MP - Japanese firm "Khitachi").
The intensity of the fluorescence was determined on the basis of control and calculation of the differences in illumination of the experimental probes (samples). But their absolute (absolute) amount was obtained by comparing the amount of fluidity of the caliber curve of the standard solution. Standard solutions were prepared in the following order: 0.01 m HCl caliber solutions were prepared in the following concentrations : serotonin - 400, 200, 100 ng/ ml ; noradrenaline - 200, 100 and 40 ng/ ml. Serotonin as standard - Serotonine creatinine Szulfat, Reanal Hungary; Noradrenaline-a-noradrenaline biotartrate puriss, Koshi-light laboratories dtd. England. The calculation of the absolute amount of monoamines was carried out in 0.1 g of shell tissue (ng) (ml).
The results of the analysis in practice are statistical calculation contained in the literature data [5,p.301].
The results of the analysis in the experiments carried out showed that the level of distribution of serotonin (5-OT) and noradrenaline(NA) in different areas of the cerebral cortex is uneven. In control group Animals,as a rule, the amount of serotonin at the background level is quantitatively different in ipsi (407 ±42 ng/g) and contralateral (374±38 ng/g/) visual cortex (Figure 1 a, b). When the anterior and posterior hypothalamus is electrically irritated by currents of different stimulation frequencies (hs-li), this monoamine level undergoes a variation of its own. This variability becomes closely dependent on the frequency of the current. So, the maximum volatility corresponds to 50 hs. This variability takes a maximum value at 50 hs for both shells i.e. ipsi and contralateral shells. (867± 33ng/G and 971 ±23ng/G). The subsequent increase in current frequency, on the contrary, leads to a decrease in serotonin levels in both visual cortex. The maximum decrease in serotonin corresponds to the frequency of the current 500hs.
The results of these series of experiments show that when comparing the visual cortex to ipsi and contralateral, it is worth noting that the change in the amount of serotonin from electrical irritation of the anterior hypothalamus is most noticeable in the contralateral cortex.
In the second section of our study, the variability in the level of noradrenaline in the visual cortex from electrical irritation of the anterior and lateral hypothalamus was studied (Figure 2 A, B) . The results of experiments in this series show that electrical irritation of the anterior nucleus of the hypothalamus has a certain effect on the change in the level of noradrenaline in the visual cortex. But this effect is exactly the opposite of the serotonin effect in the previous section. So, at the background level, the amount of noradrenaline ipsi is found in the lateral visual cortex at a higher level than in the contralateral cortex. As the frequency of irritation increases, the level increase also increases in direct proportion. The increase in monoamine levels in both shells coincides with 50 hs (993±34 ng/g;882±29 ng/g).
The increase in frequency is replaced by a relative decrease in the ipsilateral visual cortex for the subsequent time measurement. And the maximum increase in the contralateral visual cortex is 200 it coincides with hs ( 937±32ng/G/).
It should be noted that while the process of reduction in the ipsilateral visual cortex occurs gradually compared to the contralateral cortex, this process of reduction in the contralateral cortex takes on a sharper picture, that is, a sudden fall is observed.
The results of this series of our research confirm the idea that serotonin and noradrenaline monoamines contained in the literature data are in the resiproc-cross-link [4, p. 10] . One of the things that distinguishes noradrenaline from serotonin is that the irritation of the anterior nucleus of the hypothalamus increases the maximum noradrenaline in the visual cortex at 50 hs in the ipsilateral cortex, while in the contralateral cortex
It coincides in 200 hs. But the maximum increase in the level of serotonin in different visual cortex occurs at 50 hs at the same current frequency.
Summing up the results of our experiments, we can say that the variability in the level of serotonin and noradrenaline in the visual cortex of the brain in conditions of electrical irritation of the anterior and posterior nuclei of the hypothalamus confirms that the anterior and posterior nuclei of the hypothalamus have a great role in performing complex functions of the brain.
Picture 1.
The effect of electrical irritation of the anterior medial nucleus of the hypothalamus on a change in serotonin in the visual cortex.
On the abscissa axis - the frequency of stimulation hs; on the ordinate axis-the level of serotonin in the cerebral cortex, ng/ q. A-in the ipsilateral visual cortex B-in the contralateral visual cortex
Picture 2.
The effect of electrical irritation of the anterior medial nucleus of the hypothalamus on a change in noradrenaline in the visual cortex. On the abscissa axis-the frequency of stimulation, in hs; on the ordinate axis-the level of noradrenaline in the cerebral cortex, nq / q.
A-in the ipsilateral visual cortex B-in the contralateral visual cortex
Picture 3
The effect of electrical irritation of the backlateral nucleus of the hypothalamus on a change in serotonin in the visual cortex.
On the abscissa axis - the frequency of stimulation hs; on the ordinate axis-the level of serotonin in the cerebral cortex, ng/ q. A-in the ipsilateral visual cortex B-in the contralateral visual cortex
Picture 4.
The effect of electrical irritation of the backlateral nucleus of the hypothalamus on a change in noradrenaline in the visual cortex. On the abscissa axis-the frequency of stimulation, in hs; on the ordinate axis-the level of noradrenaline in the cerebral cortex, nq / q.
A-in the ipsilateral visual cortex B-in the contralateral visual cortex
Conclusion. Our research work allows us to draw the following conclusions:
The level of monoamines in the visual cortex of the brain is regulated by the sub-cortex nuclei. The obtained analysis allows you to draw the following conclusions:
1. During the irritation of the anterior and posterior nuclei of the hypothalamus, different levels of monoamine with varying frequency are generated. If a high monoamine level is appropriate for a low frequency (50hs), then instead of the rise of monoamines in accordance with a high (500hs) current frequency in contrast, a minimum reduction level is appropriate.
2. The variability produced in monoamine metabolism against irritation of the anterior nucleus of the hypothalamus in the visual cortex is once again revealed that there are cross-links in the amount of noradrenaline and serotonin.
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