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1THE DESIGN FEATURES OF THE LANDSCAPING SYSTEM IN URBANIZED AREAS OF TURKMENISTAN Erkayeva A.1, Syahedov O.2, Babayev A.3, Niyazmenliyev M.4
JErkayeva Ayman - Geodesy Department Chair, 2 Syahedov Ovlyaguly - senior lecturer, 3Babayev Abdyrahman - student, Niyazmenliyev Meylis - student,
TURKMEN STATE ARCHITECTURE AND CONSTRUCTIONINSTITUTE
ASHGABAT, TURKMENISTAN
Abstract: the relevance of environmental protection works carried out in Turkmenistan in the field of increasing the area of forests in order to ensure national environmental safety is substantiated. The features of the design of the landscaping system in relation to urbanized territories, including around large cities of our country, are shown.
Keywords: environmental safety, environmental protection, urban and suburban areas, landscaping, planting of tree seedlings.
Over the centuries, the Turkmen people have formed original traditions of careful and harmonious attitude to nature, striving to turn their beloved land into a blooming garden. The environmental policy of our state is based on these environmental principles. The natural conditions of our country for many centuries have contributed to the enrichment of the local flora and the emergence of agriculture. Historical data confirm that there were large oases here in ancient times, and our ancestors successfully developed the culture of agriculture, grew various types of fruit trees.
Environmental aspects of caring for the environment also have their place in such government programs as: "The revival of a new era of a powerful state: The National Program of socio-economic development of Turkmenistan in 2022-2052"; The Program of the President of Turkmenistan for socio-economic development of the country in 2022-2028"; "The Program of socio-economic development of Turkmenistan and investments for 2024".
Being an active participant in the international dialogue in such an extremely relevant area as the environmental sphere, Turkmenistan stands for deepening and developing positive cooperation in the UN format, effective partnership with other major organizations and structures. Environmental programs and projects implemented at the national and regional levels increase the effectiveness of activities in this area. It should be noted the great importance of the constructive initiatives put forward by Turkmenistan at various high-level forums, which have received broad support from the international community. In accordance with the national traditions of respect for nature, effective
measures are being taken in the country to protect the environment, rational use of natural resources, and the development of a "green" economy [1, 2].
So every year in the spring, large-scale landscaping campaigns are held in our country, during which thousands of trees are planted. These environmental events are a confirmation that the traditions of our wise ancestors are now receiving new content. It should be noted that there are more and more young people among the participants of these actions from year to year. Mass actions on planting seedlings, which have become a good tradition in our country, contribute to the creation of new park and forest areas, the enrichment of the Turkmen flora and the formation of a favorable climate, which is an important condition for ensuring environmental safety of the environment. The creation of unique green areas, parks, and the enrichment of local flora is one of the main directions of the integrated development of urban and suburban areas. Currently, the areas occupied by juniper plantations have expanded in the vicinity of Ashgabat. These plants strengthen the soil, retain subsurface moisture and resist mudflows, largely preventing their formation.
The modern space of the park is not only a fragment of the natural landscape that improves the ecological component of the urban environment, but also an area of active use of smart technologies and geoinformation systems. Innovative technologies serve as a means of educational activity, allowing you to use applications with convenient maps and the identifier of plants, birds or insects. For densely built-up centers of modern cities, where there are no more territorial reserves for the development of green areas, compensatory landscaping techniques are becoming important: green roofs, mobile container and vertical landscaping. Such techniques are innovative and promising. The advantages of container landscaping are obvious: it can be resorted to all year round, used in places where engineering communications pass. It is also important that planting a tree in a container practically eliminates the ingress of reagents into the ground in winter [3].
Green spaces help to combat the negative effects of the greenhouse effect. Today, global warming is one of the main problems of mankind. Global warming has arisen as a result of an excess of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Reflecting off the earth's surface, solar heat is trapped in a layer of greenhouse gases, and as a result, the global temperature level is constantly rising. And trees, during the process of photosynthesis, process the released carbon dioxide into oxygen, improving the quality of atmospheric air.
Trees provide oxygen and purify the air. A hectare of mature trees can provide oxygen to more than forty people per year. They also absorb odors and gases of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, ammonia, and sulfur dioxide. Trees eliminate water pollution and soil erosion. They act as a sponge that filters groundwater and, with their root system, hold the soil together and slow down wind speed and water flow. In addition, green spaces protect against harmful
ultraviolet rays. Trees reduce UV exposure by about fifty percent, thereby protecting children in schoolyards and playgrounds [4, 5].
The results of numerous studies have proven that contemplating green trees relaxes people and reduces their mental fatigue and tension. The harmonious combination of natural vegetation with decorative plantings in park complexes in the cities of our country is one of the important factors in the concept of landscape gardening, when naturally growing trees and shrubs are organically complemented by man-made massifs that will delight many more generations of citizens, love and thrifty attitude that enhance the beauty of these "green belts".
References
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