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55Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 6 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
THE CONTRASTIVE METHOD OF RESEARCH IN MODERN
LINGUISTICS
Khamidova M.K.
Lecturer, Ferghana State University
Usanova N.A. Lecturer, Ferghana State University
The article describes the formation of constrative linguistics, analyzes the constrative method of research in the modern science of language.
Keywords: contrastive linguistics, language, contrastive textology, text type, language level.
КОНТРАСТИВНЫЙ МЕТОД ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ
В статье описывается становление констративной лингвистики, анализируется констративный метод исследований в современной науке о языке.
Ключевые слова: контрастивная лингвистика, язык, контрастивная текстология, тип текста, уровень языка.
INTRODUCTION
The interest in the problems of the relationship between language and culture and the description of the national pictures of the world of speakers of different languages objectively led to the intensive development of the comparative direction in linguistics. A large number of studies have appeared in this direction, which are devoted to the study of similarities and differences of individual languages, both related and unrelated. Since the 60s of the 20th century, in line with linguistic comparativism, contrastive linguistics has been formed and intensively developed, associated with direct entry into the practice of language teaching. Contrastive linguistics is a direction in general linguistics, the task of which is the comparative
ABSTRACT
ЛИНГВИСТИКЕ
Хамидова М.К.
преподаватель, Ферганский государственный университет
Усанова Н.А.
преподаватель, Ферганский государственный университет
АННОТАЦИЯ
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 6 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
study of several (usually two) languages to identify their similarities and differences at all language levels.
Contrastive linguistics is considered one of the youngest trends in modern linguistics. Its beginning is considered to be the appearance in 1957 of R. Lado's work "Linguistics across Cultures". But the science of comparing languages itself goes back centuries, when people were faced with the need to explain themselves to native speakers of other languages. Early sources of contrastive linguistics can be considered observations on the differences of a foreign (foreign) language in comparison with the native, which were reflected in grammars published in different countries (in Western Europe especially actively - since the Renaissance). Elements of the contrastive approach are found in the framework of comparative historical and typological study of languages, since comparative-historical linguistics was engaged in comparing related languages and identifying both common and distinctive features of these languages, and linguistic typology, regardless of the nature of genetic relations between languages, revealed the common on the basis of the exclusion of the different. Contrastive linguistics, on the contrary, captures the specific features of the compared languages on the basis of a certain set of general linguistic phenomena.
DISCUSSION AND RESULTS
The object of contrastive research is at least a couple of languages. At the same time, neither genetic or areal connections, nor typological proximity or remoteness of these languages play a role as a choice of prerequisites for their comparison.
The subject of contrasting studies is the differences or correspondences of the compared languages. This kind of differences and correspondences they exist at all levels of the language, both sign and unfamiliar. It is possible, for example, to compare phonetic and phonological, lexical and phraseological, morphological, syntactic systems of two languages. The results of such studies are useful in teaching foreign languages. Today, depending on the system level at which the comparison is made, the following branches of contrastive linguistics are distinguished:
• comparative grammar (V.N. Yartseva, V.D. Arakin, V.G. Gak, V.G. Admoni, V.B. Kashkin);
• Comparative lexicology (V.G. Gak, I.A. Sternin, Yu.A. Rylov, L.V. Laenko);
• Comparative phonology (R.O. Jacobson, M. Halle);
• comparative studies of discourse and text (works on comparative discourse studies are just beginning to appear, Z.Ya. Turaeva, V.Ya. Myrkin, V.B. Kashkin).
It was only with the advent of text linguistics that a methodological approach to comparative analysis was discovered, which is not limited to formal structures and
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 6 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
isolated levels of language. Thus, the possibility of interlanguage comparison of text types and analysis of cross-cultural interlanguage contrasts arose, and later contrastive textology based on a strict comparison methodology (B. Shpillner 1981, R. Hartmann 1982).
In recent years, the number of interlanguage comparisons of text types has increased significantly. Contrastive analysis of certain types of texts can help to identify the multifaceted aspects of foreign-language parallels. The contrasting description of the two languages is of great importance for teaching, translation and interpretation. Cross-cultural comparisons, which have been actively conducted in recent decades, make it possible to revise theoretical concepts and research methods adjusted for their cultural specificity and universality.
Today, contrastive textual science is understood as a linguistic discipline that deals with the interlanguage comparison of the characteristics of text types at all levels of the language, i.e. contrastive textual science is designed to take into account all the features and conventions of a certain type of text. The main idea when comparing two language systems is to describe the typical features of a certain type of text that are relevant for the translation of the text. Oral and written texts usually contain "hidden" cultural specifics, the detection and explanation of which helps to avoid misunderstandings and mistakes in inter-lingual communication.
CONCLUSION
Thus, contrastive textology aims at a linguistically accurate description of the differences characteristic of a particular language space, recorded in fully or partially standardized written texts, including in the analysis not only structural, but also sociolinguistic features of the text. The meaning of such contrastive studies is to reveal the differences in the textualization of the features of certain types of texts of the two languages and, based on the differences obtained, draw relevant conclusions (for example, about the various social functions of text categories).
So, the study of linguistic units in the aspect of comparing their structural, systemic and functional properties continues to be one of the urgent tasks in modern linguistics.
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Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 6 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
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