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7THE CONTENT AND ESSENCE OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF MUSICAL SKILLS OF FUTURE MUSIC TEACHERS IN THE PROCESS OF
PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE
Ma'rufjon Abdumutalibovich Ashurov Andijan State University
Abstract: Source names and original terms are given mainly in Arabic form, with their location, in transcription. In Eastern musical source studies, examples of musicological works of Farobi, Ibn Sina, Ibn Zayla and Abu Abdullah Khorezmiy are included, their translations are included, and a brief dictionary of Arabic-Russian-Uzbek music terms for these works is attached. The content and essence of the development of musical skills of future music teachers in the process of professional practice is explained in the article.
Keywords: musicianship, musical instruments, future music teacher, practical competence, music culture, source studies, technical improvement, neurolinguistics, psycholinguistics, personality development process
Introduction
In the process of developing the practical competencies of future music teachers, introducing them to the history of music is definitely one of the important issues. Any music lessons basically start with the introduction of musical instruments. "The history of musical instruments is not a history of technical improvement, but a reflection of the development of the human heart and soul." Indeed, the author's opinion did not arise by itself. History itself proves it.
I also recommend Zakirjon Oripov's study guide "Oriental music source studies" to future music teachers. This training manual can also make a significant contribution to the development of their practical competences. This study guide is intended for students who are studying in the field of music, who are trained in the special subject of "Source studies of the music culture of Uzbekistan" and who have certain knowledge of the East, in particular, the Arabic language. Some controversial parts of the texts are presented in it both in Arabic and in Uzbek translation. Source names, original terms are mainly given in Arabic form, with their place, in transcription. The manual includes examples of musicological works of Farobi, Ibn Sina, Ibn Zayla and Abu Abdullah Khorezmi, their translations, and a brief dictionary of Arabic-Russian-Uzbek musical terms for these works is attached.[11]
The main part
New methods of public education are being implemented in Uzbekistan. If humanity does not have high knowledge and intelligence, it will not find its place
anywhere. For example, Japan used to be a backward and inferior country in one corner of the world. But their elders and intellectuals took the big stage and said, "Okay, even if we suffer for 10-12 years, let our youth learn worldly knowledge." After all, the future is in the hands of young people. In response, school programs focused on three subjects. These were Japanese (mother tongue), mathematics and music. In a short period of time, the country has become one of the most powerful countries in the world. The highest, most powerful computers began to be produced by Japanese scientists. In the world market, Japanese products also took first place. Of course, all this is the result of a high level of intelligence and spirituality.
They started imparting knowledge, first of all, from the youth. Because it is not for nothing that they say that "knowledge acquired in youth is a pattern carved in stone." We are currently undergoing such reforms. But how can you get knowledge where there is no education and discipline. That's why we need to develop the student's mental awareness so that he can think for himself that it is time to study, not play.[3] But there are students among us who have worse upbringing, just like there are grains of rice. Only if they are investigated and helped to study, they can and are becoming young people who will introduce our country to the world in the future. Because, don't believe in another light-hearted life because of youth. They need to spend educational hours with knowledge. We always need to protect teachers who have made great contributions to our writing and learning about the world. Therefore, they always do not give up anything for the sake of the people. They will always be our pride. In this regard, we need to increase the study of music in our secondary schools. Music relaxes the child's brain and helps him learn again. [12]
At this point, T.V.Chernigovskaya, a Russian scientist in the fields of neuro and psycholinguistics, the owner of several scientific titles, said in her lectures: "Music is what leads a person to goodness. "A child who studied music from a young age will have a wider worldview than other children." I agree with this opinion, because in 2013, I wrote about it in detail in my article entitled "Disability is not a limit, or music education is for everyone" in the collection of scientific and methodical articles "The role of music and musicians in the changing political and cultural environment".
The subject "History of Uzbek music" also has its special importance in teaching future music teachers. In this regard, Trigulova A.Kh. says in his foreign article: "...this subject is taught to students in two stages. Undergraduate and graduate studies. At the undergraduate level, this subject is taught to students in a number of topics in the course curriculum. The program includes new methodological tasks in the formation of basic knowledge in students. One of such tasks is the student's understanding of the unity of this science with the physical and spiritual culture of the developing world. This feature is related to the systematicity of knowledge. As a methodological basis for the formation of knowledge about the history of Uzbek music, the historical aspect, that is,
the evaluation of each musical work against the background of the historical process, is given." [10,8] Trigulova A.Kh. I agree with your opinion, but the systematization of knowledge should be implemented step by step in pre-school educational institutions, not only at the bachelor's and master's levels.
"Each lesson conducted with a student is a living creative process, it should not have a stagnant, standard form. Its purpose, tasks, and structure are determined by the pedagogue according to individual circumstances. For example, if a child brings a new piece to the lesson, naturally, most of the lesson will be spent analyzing this piece, trying to play the score on the piano." [2] says L. Andreeva in her book "Choral Conducting Methodology". In fact, it is desirable that music lessons, being fundamentally different from other lessons, should be in harmony with the creative pursuits of the pedagogue and students. Such a process first of all increases the student's creative freedom, enthusiasm for research and learning, and also forms the ability to work on oneself. In fact, the pedagogue can plan and organize how the lesson will be conducted in consultation with the student, that is, taking into account his interests, goals, intelligence, worldview. [1]
This, of course, depends on the ability of the pedagogue to understand and understand the student's psyche, mental state, and creative thinking. In the article, these methods can be effective in the course of the lesson, when the student works tirelessly on the subject, i.e. on himself, in the course of independent education outside of the class. This is essential for future music teachers. But how...? How does a student conduct without music? There are many questions about how he plays the piece without an accompanist. The "Sibelius" computer program, which has passed our experience and can be used for independent education, can happily serve these questions.
"The next stage of the future music teacher's personality development process is directly related to his studies in the field of "Music Education" at the master's level. The traditional course of music history will be continued with the study of new subjects such as "Main directions of modern Uzbek and foreign music", "Musical culture of Eastern countries". Concepts such as avant-gardism, aleatorics, neoclassicism, expressionism, dodecaphony in the subject "Main directions of modern Uzbek and foreign music" serve as keys to the trends in understanding music of the 20th century studied in the course "Fundamentals of Music Knowledge". [13] I think it is very appropriate to take these points into consideration in terms of developing the practical competencies of future music teachers. The reason is that the future music teacher is a perfect expert in his field, which directly affects the development of his practical competencies. [16]
The mentor-apprentice tradition has an important place in the process of developing the practical competencies of future music teachers. "The greatest duty of
a teacher is to train intelligent, understanding and capable students who can contribute to the development of the country. In order for a teacher to train a good student, first of all, he himself must have professional potential, moral integrity, broad outlook and common sense. The points presented in the article fully correspond to the definition of practical competencies of future music teachers.
"A graduate of the master's degree should understand the social importance and essence of the profession of a music teacher. In addition, he should be able to apply the knowledge he has acquired in various areas of his professional activity, have a culture of thinking, be informed about the news of music art and pedagogy, and be able to correctly evaluate the fields combined with music art. In fact, there are skills that undergraduate and graduate students must master, and if they can apply these skills in practice, they will become masters of their profession.
First of all, we should be able to correctly form the concept of musical emotion in students. In this regard, V. Kholopova says: "The concept of emotion in music can be as follows: musical emotion is the process, result, imagination and experience of a person feeling music."
Experiential-based curriculum and programs, which are an important part of state education standards, need to be thoroughly explored. Developments in science, technology, social and economic spheres in our country were taken into account when creating this program and plan. First of all, an important place is given to the psychological and physiological characteristics of students. The ministries of higher and secondary special education should thoroughly re-develop the content of education and training in general education schools and higher and secondary special educational institutions.
✓ Development of methods of educational forms in accordance with the requirements of the world model;
✓ modern equipment of educational, cultural and educational institutions based on new techniques and technology;
✓ finding effective ways to improve professional skills, ensuring the creativity of teachers and coaches;
✓ wide application of the practice of perfect development of educational content in the family, neighborhood, school.
In this way, the scientific organization of the teacher's work, the state's concern about it, will be a strong incentive to fulfill the sacred task of raising a perfect generation with a bright face.
The success and effectiveness of any work depends on its organization, the conditions affecting the organization of this work, and the ways of carrying out the activity. Therefore, the effectiveness of the teacher's work depends on how the teacher organizes his work and the conditions that affect it.
A person who performs any work, a teacher also chooses the methods that he likes to organize his work, which he can perform with the skills he has mastered. We live in the era of scientific and technical development. Therefore, we need to organize our work based on scientific and technical achievements. This means that the teacher organizes his work on a scientific basis.
Scientific organization of a teacher's work means creating innovations by creatively organizing one's work using the latest achievements of pedagogy and psychology to manage the pedagogical process. The work of a teacher is related to his time, the success of this work is related to the effective use of time, taking full account of his opportunities, demonstrating himself in the process of education and upbringing, and confirming who he is, what he is, and what he is capable of. Scientific organization of teacher's work means first of all to believe in your own creative abilities. [4, 9]
The teacher should have a complete idea of the educational process, knowing its mechanism, laws, future music teachers should have a good understanding of the possibilities. Work is a purpose-oriented social activity of a person, which requires mental, physical strength, great enthusiasm. Principles of organizing work on a scientific basis:
1. Planning;
2. Organization;
3. Management;
4. Control. The work of a teacher belongs to the type of creative professions. Because through this work, he brings up a perfect person who is mature in every way.
a. The subject of pedagogical work is the student.
b. The goal of pedagogical work is to educate a mature human being in all aspects.
"There are a lot of teaching methods, among them the method of teaching with a
game has a special place. Through the method of learning with games, the child not only learns the lesson perfectly, but also develops his communicative skills. I think it is important to perfectly teach future music teachers the method of conducting lessons in a game style. The reason is that teaching children lessons through play, especially using musical electronic software games in music lessons, can be very effective.
Future music teachers are constantly being prepared for the creative process. At the same time, it is important for them to be able to control as pedagogues. It is natural that a question arises here. How can control and creativity come together on the same front? We can find the answer to this question in G. L. Erzhemsky's book "Psychology of Conducting": "Creativity and control, in a certain sense, are psychological antagonists to each other. Creativity itself tends to escape control, and control itself is a creative process. It is very important that they not only exist in one place, but also actively interact with each other. [6] This idea is very reasonable, but as we mentioned
above, we need to develop an independent education system in order to keep the student under control.
Zhivov V.L. in his "Khorovoe ispolnitelstvo: Theory. Methodology. In the training manual "Practika", modern pedagogical science mentions the following as pedagogical features:
1. Didactic features. These features allow students to acquire knowledge, develop practical skills and apply them in practice, taking into account the rules of general education;
2. Constructive features help to form the student's personality, predict the results of pedagogical practice and the student's behavior in different situations;
3. Perceptual characteristics, that is, the ability to understand and correctly perceive the psychology of the student and his psychological state;
4. Expressive features, expressing one's thoughts, knowledge, feelings and confidence using speech, mime and pantomime;
5. Communicative qualities, establishing the right relationship with the audience (pedagogical tact, taking into account individual and age-related characteristics).
It is important to take into account these features in the development of practical competencies of future music teachers. Let's analyze each of these features. Didactic features are considered very important for future music teachers. The knowledge imparted to students should be appropriate to their age, receptiveness, and practical application. The learning process is carried out step by step. That is, the curriculum changes from year to year, depending on the child's previous knowledge, age, and acceptance. The future music teacher should be able to organize the educational process taking into account these aspects. Zhivov V.L. the opinions are valid, but in the article, it is necessary to provide continuous education in the form of giving video and audio tasks with students.
Foreknowledge increases the student's ability to learn more. It contributes to discovering new aspects in it, not stressing the student, making him more interested in the lesson, and increasing his enthusiasm. That's why I believe that it is necessary to pay special attention to the formation of foresight in the development of practical competencies of future music teachers.
The perceptive feature is considered the most necessary for every pedagogue. I believe that 80% of a teacher's success during his career depends on this characteristic. This is especially important for a music teacher. The reason is that by taking into account the psychology of the student in the process of choosing a piece of music for learning, high results can be achieved. For this, the pedagogue must be able to correctly assess the psychology and psychological state of the student. For this purpose, future music teachers should be familiarized with the psychology of children and adolescents during their education, special hours should be set aside for this, and teaching them to
apply what they have learned during the practical process is one of the most urgent issues. Today, of course, hours are allocated in this regard, but it is necessary to increase these hours for future music teachers.
If a future music teacher wants to become a skilled pedagogue, it is important to have a beautiful speech. Fluency of speech is achieved over time. Special exercises, regular training, and reading a lot of books will certainly allow the growth of speech. The facial expression of the pedagogue is also important in the process of communication with students. Every action, speech, and gesture of the pedagogue has an impact on the psyche of the student. It will be useful for future music teachers to take these aspects into account.
It is important for prospective music teachers to be able to communicate comfortably with others, especially with their prospective students. The correct setting of the relationship between the teacher and the student serves to increase the student's interest in science and facilitate learning.
In the process of developing the practical competencies of future music teachers, it is important to pay special attention to their speech pronunciation. "Clear and clear pronunciation of words and letters is one of the most important factors in the performance process. Forming the flexibility of the articulatory apparatus is very necessary for singing. A music teacher should be able to speak to students during the teaching process, and if necessary, perform the piece to be studied. While performing for the student's learning, the student follows the teacher's every move, pays attention to speech, pronunciation, and remembers with the help of auditory and visual memory. Even a small mistake made by the pedagogue in this process can cause the work to be performed incorrectly by the student later.
A future music teacher must be able to hear, sing and play all musical instruments. Before singing a piece to the students during the lesson, the teacher should first tell the students about the history of this song, the life of its composer or composer in an interesting way, and then perform this piece on an instrument and sing it beautifully.
"Listening to music is the most complex experience. It is necessary to develop the intonation activity of hearing with the help of special exercises. Active listening means taking in every moment of the music you are listening to through inner hearing." In the process of developing the practical competencies of future music teachers, it is important to pay attention to the development of intonation activity of listening to music. For this, it will be possible to use a number of computer technologies and digital programs created today.
The future music teacher needs to organize more concerts. Because the musician's appreciation is given by the listener sitting on the stage. In addition, it increases the competence of the future music teacher and the student he is teaching.
In the development of practical competencies of future music teachers, it is important to emphasize and try to cover all aspects, not just one or a few. I would like to clarify our opinion with J. Shukurov's opinion in the book "Conducting": "Another important characteristic of conductors is that they act as both a performer and a leader of a performing team at the same time.
It is also important that the conductor who comes to the console should be able to attract the attention of the performer and the audience with his appearance and conduct. The conductor conducts all the rehearsals with the performing team until the public performance of the piece of music. During the main performance, i.e., during the concert, it shows the times when the majority or solo performers of the work stop or perform, the performer unites the team, inspires and is personally responsible for the performance of the artistic work. The conductor reveals the heart of the piece and directs the performance with facial, eye, hand, head, body movements and gestures. It is very important that the future music teacher also has the qualities of a conductor listed above. Music students are like a choir. The teacher is his conductor.
Melvin P. Anger says at the beginning of his dictionary "Historical dictionary of choral music": "The human voice is one of the most beautiful and expressive instruments. And when multiple voices come together, a huge statement is made. Choral music of one kind or another has a long history and can be found almost everywhere. But it developed primarily in Europe and North America, and by the 20th century it was considered a necessary medium for intercultural exchange.
First of all, I would like to emphasize that the future music teachers should fully understand and study the history of the music they are going to teach, and if necessary, after conducting a deep scientific research they should commit to teaching the students. This is very important. First of all, if this profession is respected, secondly, it increases the love for the profession, and as a result, the interest of the students and the quality of education increases.
In the process of forming the practical competences of future music teachers, they must be given special understanding of voice. In this regard, it is possible to use the teaching manual "Fundamentals of singing technique" by N.A. Mirzaeva, published in 2008. "A person speaks and sings in the air, so the sound of the voice is the vibration of the air particles, its wavelike rise and fall. In music, waves and sound generators are performed by an object: strings, compressed lips. [7]
Future music teachers are required to acquire the following knowledge, skills and abilities:
The purpose of the order of the first President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. F-2908 of January 7, 2008 "On measures to prepare the state program for 2009-2014 to strengthen the material and technical base of music and art schools for future music teachers and further improve their activities" and know their duties;
Knowledge of the state educational standard of general secondary education and, on this basis, mandatory requirements for the level of training of students in the subject of music culture;
To know the requirements for carrying out scientific research, methodical work in his specialty, and to be able to apply it in practice;
To have the experience of skillfully conducting educational activities using equipment, tools, musical instruments, visual aids, didactic materials for each lesson;
To have teaching (teaching) and education skills;
To create tests to determine the acquired knowledge, skills and abilities of students and to be able to apply them;
To know the spiritual-educational and cultural heritage of Central Asian thinkers and their contributions to the development of music science and to provide information on this matter to future music teachers;
Future music teachers should know about the songs being taught, the authors of the musical works given for listening, and have the skills to interpret some ghazals;
Knowledge of the heritage of Uzbek folk music, its genres and local styles, Uzbek national musical instruments and various ensembles, orchestras and types of orchestras composed of them;
Khorezm status, Shashmaqom, Tashkent-Fergana status, his knowledge of musical instruments and ways of saying;
Knowledge of classical music of Eastern peoples, their similarities and differences;
To know the content and essence, forms and methods of the class leader's work and to have the qualifications to conduct such work;
Knowing the ways, forms and methods of identifying, sorting and providing differentiated, individualized education to talented future music teachers;
Knowledge of problems, news, scientific research in the field of music culture;
Knowledge of the procedures for conducting scientific-methodological, experimental-testing work in general secondary schools;
Ability to observe and analyze lessons;
To have information about the procedures for attesting and raising the categories of pedagogic staff of general secondary schools;
It is required to have knowledge about the essence, requirements, forms and methods of education in a specialized school or in-depth classes on music education. [5]
"The music teacher should create an individual plan for each student. This plan is drawn up taking into account the increasing complexity of the studied works. In practice, it is observed that the incorrect structure of such a plan causes methodological errors. [8] Based on these opinions of A. Egorov, it can be said that future music
teachers should be very careful in choosing the works to be taught. It is an important indicator to be able to evaluate the characteristics of each work, its proportionality with the skills, knowledge, and skills of the student who will study it.
Thanks to independence, the national traditions of our people have developed widely and are being absorbed into our lives. It would be appropriate for our future music teachers to learn about our traditions and the rules of conducting various musical events, first of all in the family, from grandparents, parents, and in the process of studying, from music teachers. At this point, it is important for future music teachers to have a clear idea of their place and role. After all, national customs and traditions are the criterion of spiritual culture and they are a mirror that reflects the spiritual image of every person. In this regard, it is very important to carry out education in a harmonious relationship with the educational process. At this point, it is necessary to give some definitions about traditions, national customs, traditions.
Tradition is derived from the Latin word "tradition" - "transmission". Let's look at the essence of the meaning of the word "tradition". In the explanatory dictionary of the Uzbek language, the word "tradition" is defined as a rule passed from generation to generation, a custom, a custom and other practices established in life. That is, any custom, custom, or other thing that is passed down from generation to generation without any proof that the tradition is right or wrong. In a broad sense, it is a set of generalized norms and principles of social ethics and relations, which are inherited from generation to generation, protected by public opinion. In the formation of traditions, the way of life, the method of material production, and the spiritual culture of a certain people are considered an objective necessity. Traditions are a broader concept than customs. Traditions are reflected in all forms of social consciousness -ethics, law, politics, science and art, as well as in some aspects of production.
Traditions, according to experts, are a special way of imparting certain ideas, moral actions, spiritual wealth and feelings to the new generation. Traditions differ from other methods of inheritance by their symbolic nature. Ritual behavior is always imbued with symbolism. Symbols summarize one or another social idea, image, thought, and accordingly evoke feelings. Rituals are an artistic representation of traditions in the form of symbolic symbols, images, music, dance, song, publicism, and certain ideas, moral norms, which are understood by means of artistic words. A ritual is a solemn artistic part of a tradition, a set of public actions.
Summary
Udums do not have symbolic images such as pictures and customs and rituals. They are formed as a result of people's long-term activities - practical behavior in work, marriage, and family. For example, if the wedding of two young people is a tradition and a ceremony, some practical activities related to the wedding, such as going to the bridegroom, sharing bread, preparing clothes, and food, are rituals and rituals. It is
known that every lesson organized in the music field, as in other classes, should first of all begin with a greeting between the student and the teacher. First of all, the teacher should pay attention to this and in any case, the communication with the student should start with this greeting. Greeting is the first sign of respect and spirituality between the learner and the giver of knowledge.
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