CC BY
36
УДК 14.00.30
Xolmuradova E.X.
teacher Qodirova R. T. teacher
Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural
Mechanization Engineers
THE CHARACTERISTIC OF ORAL TRANSLATIONS
Annotation: This article analyses the characteristic of the oral translation element in interpreting, where it obviously covers a pivotal role. Key words: translation, oral, interpreting.
Translation is the communication of meaning from one language (the source) to another language (the target). Translation refers to written information, whereas interpretation refers to spoken information.
The purpose of translation is to convey the original tone and intent of a message, taking into account cultural and regional differences between source and target languages. (https://www.gala-global.org/industry/intro-language-industry/what-translation)
Interpreting is the facilitation of spoken or signed language communication between users of different languages. The formal ISO (International Standards Organization) definition for interpreting is as follows:
Rendering a spoken or signed message into another spoken or signed language, preserving the register and meaning of the source language content. (Note: This definition is derived from ISO, 2014, p. 1.) (https://www.gala-global. org/what-interpreting)
The structure of the translation should follow that of the original text: there should be no change in the sequence of narration or in the arrangement of the segments of the text. The aim is maximum parallelism of structure which would make it possible to relate each segment of the translation to the respective part of the original. Of major importance is the semantic identification of the translation with ST. It is presumed that the translation has the same meaning as the original text. No exchange of information is possible if there is discrepancy between the transmitted and the received message. The presumption of semantic identity between ST and TT is based on the various degrees of equivalence of their meanings. The translator usually tries to produce in TL the closest possible equivalent to ST. The translating process includes two mental processes -understanding and verbalization. First, the translator understands the contents of ST, that is, reduces the information it contains to his own mental program, and then he develops this program into TT. The translating process has to be described in some translation models.
Oral translation types. We provide four types of oral translations: Consecutive oral translation (consecutive interpretation)
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In the case of consecutive translation, the person being translated speaks in paragraphs, giving the translator time to translate what has been said after each paragraph.
Whispered oral translation - is used when one or two listeners require a translation. In this case, the translator sits next to the person requiring the translation and simultaneously translates the presentation in a whisper.
Simultaneous translation - is used (also called conference translation), the translators are located in translation booths or in a separate room where they can see what is happening in the hall on a screen, and simultaneously translate the presentation with the help of earphones. In this case, two translators are used for each pair of language who work in turns.
In the case of notarial consecutive translation, the translator is present during the notarial transaction, and in addition to translating what is said by the notary and client, the translator also translates the contents of the notarial documents.
Problems of oral translation. The professionals pay special interest to the following factors which determine the difficulty of simultaneous translation:
- Psychophysiological discomfort brought on by the need to pay attention and to talk simultaneously;
- Psychophysiological pressure connected with irreversibility of that the reporter has said into the microphone. The reporter won't be stopped and asked to repeat;
- Psychological stress linked with massive audience and irreversibility of the translation. It is not possible to excuse and to correct;
- Psychophysiological stress triggered by short speech. The simultaneous interpreter should constantly communicate quickly without pauses in any other case he may be left behind. But the pauses in speech deliver not simplest semantic but psychophysiological paintings: to take breath, to accumulate one's thoughts.
- Difficult linguistic undertaking of tying up the utterances inside the languages which have distinctive structure at some stage in the simultaneous translation, while the context is extraordinarily restrained and there is loss of time for translation;
- A hard linguistic mission of speech compression which helps to compensate the interpretation into the language which has long words and verbose rhetoric.
These factors work in the appropriate case whilst the reporter speaks in a common speed in a clean literal language, when his pronunciation is general and he understands that he is being translated and he is interested in that the audience to understand him. But this happens rarely.
The simultaneous interpreter should usually be prepared morally and professionally that the reporter will speak very speedy or will study the text of his speech; the reporter's pronunciation may be indistinct or nonstandard; the reporter will use nonstandard abbreviations in his speech, which weren't entered beforehand, or professional jargon phrases or expressions.
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Conclusion. Oral translation plays very important part in the world. Oral translation falls into consecutive and simultaneous. In consecutive translation the translating starts after the unique speech or some, a part of it has been completed. In simultaneous interpretation, the interpreter is supposed with a view to provide his translation at the same time as the speaker is uttering the original message.
Sources used:
1. Bandia, Paul F. (2011) "Orality and Translation." In: Gambier, Yves & Luc van
2. Petite, Christelle. (2003) "Repairs in Simultaneous Interpreting: Quality Improvement or Simple Error Corrections?" In: Collados Aís, Ángela; María
3. Viaggio, Sergio. (1992) "Translators and interpreters: professionals or shoemakers?" In: Dollerup, Cay & Anne Loddegaard (eds.) 1992.
4. https://www.gala-global.org/industry/intro-language-industry/what-translation
5. https: //www.gala- global. org/what-interpreting
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