CC BY
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Section 4. Medical science
References:
1. Averin V. I. Segment cytoplastics of intestine in children.//Belorussian medical journal. - № 3 (17). - 2006. - P. 34-37.
2. Beknazarov J. B., Tadjibayev A. A. Modern therapy of the problems of urine incontinence. Pediatric journal, - 2007, -№ 4. - P. 34-37.
3. Salimov Sh. T., Fakirov A. Z., Beknazarov J., Adilova G. S. Comparative characteristics of the methods of penis prolongation in severe cases of epispadia//Pediatric surgery. - Moscow, - 2001, - № 4. - Р. 18-21.
4. Fakirov A. Z. Orthoneourethroplastics for epispadia//Bulletin of Russian State Medical University. - 2001. - № 2. - Р. 96.
5. El-Sherbini. Complete repair of bladder exstrophy in boys: is it possible to avoid hypospadias? Urology and nephrology center. Egypt. - may 2005, - 47 (5).
6. Amirzargar M. A., Yavangi M., Ghorbanpour M., Hosseini Moghaddam S. M., Rahnavardi M., Amirzargar N. Reconstruction of bladder and urethra using ileocecal segment and appendix in patients with exstrophy-epispadias complex: the first report of a new surgical approach.//Int Urol Nephrol. - 2007, - 39 (3): 779-85.
7. Stein R., Fisch M., Stockle M., Hohenfellner R. Urinary diversion in bladder ktrophu and incontenent epispadias; 25 years of experence.//J Urol. - 1999, Sep. - 54, (3); - Р. 117-181.
Shokirova Sadoqat Muhammadsolievna, The senior research associate of Andijan State Medical Institute, E-mail: evovision@bk.ru
The analysis of perinatal outcomes in preterm labor in Women at high risk of intrauterine infection of fetal
Abstract: in the structure of antenatal mortality due to intrauterine infection (IUI), 27.2 % are viral infection,
26.3 % — an infection of mixed etiology, and 17.5 % — a bacterial and the tendency to increase of mortality is strongly pronounced, accounting for 5.97 % per year.
Keywords: intrauterine infection (IUI), perinatal mortality, outcomes in preterm.
Relevance. Intrauterine infection (IUI) at the present stage is one of the major problems of obstetrics and perinatology [1; 4].The fetus develops in the difficult conditions of relationships with the mother, so the presence of foci of infection in a pregnant woman is always a risk to the fetus and newborn.
One of the most important problems of modern obstetrics and perinatology is a progressive increase in infectious pathology of the fetus and newborn. Infectious diseases detected in 50-60% of hospitalized term infants and 70 % of preterm infants. According to the results of autopsies of newborns, 37.5% of died children this pathology was the main cause of death, which accompanied or complicated the course of the underlying disease [2; 3; 5].
The leading role of intrauterine infections among the causes of adverse perinatal outcomes determines the character of a comprehensive study of the problem.
The purpose of research. Studying of perinatal outcomes in childbirth at women with high risk of intrauterine infection of the fetus.
Material and methods. The object of the study were 209 pregnant women at high risk of infection. At the end of pregnancy, all the women were divided into 3 groups depending on the availability of neonatal signs of infectious diseases that have emerged in the first 3 days of postnatal life, and
regarded as the consequences of intrauterine infection. The first group consisted of 62 women at high risk of infection, gave birth to children with no signs of IUI, the 2nd group — 68 pregnant women gave birth to children with a mild form of IUI. Group 3 consisted of 69 mothers of infants with severe forms of IUI. In group 1, all children were born at term without complications.
In group 2, in term of 29-36 weeks born prematurely 7 (9.6 %) of children, and in 90.4 % of cases, children were born with a mild form of IUI.
With a very low birth weight to 1000 g in group 3 were born within the period 22-28 weeks 16 (21.6 %) very preterm infants, in term of 29-36 weeks — 19 (25.6 %) of preterm infants, and in term of 37 42 — were born 27 (36.4 %) full-term infants.
At mothers of 1st group 80.7 % of children were born with an estimate of 6-7 points, and in 2nd groups of mothers 58.9 % of children were born with 4-6 rating points and 7-8 rating points — 35.6 %. At mothers of 3d group were died 8 (10.8 %) of neonates in an antenatal period and in an intranatal period — 6 (8.1 %) of children who were not subjected to Apgar scores. Of the remaining 62 newborns: 1-3 points were assessed 15 (24.2 %), 2-5 — 16 (25.8 %), 4-6 — (21.0 %), 7-8 — (29.0 %).
In groups 1 and 2 baby girls and boys were about equally. In 3 group the boys were more than the girls at 50.1 %.
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The analysis of perinatal outcomes in preterm labor in Women at high risk of intrauterine infection of fetal
An extremely low birth weight (999 g.) was observed only in group 3 in 8 (10.8 %) of children, the largest number of children which were born with low weight was noted in group 3-36 (48.6 %). The vast majority of children were born with
Table 1. - In the course of
normal weight (group 1-51 (82.3 %), in group 2-50 (68.5 %), in group 3-33 (44.6 %). The fetal presentation was mainly cephalic: 44 (75.9 %) and 78 (84.8 %) in groups respectively — there was no statistically significant difference (table. 1). childbirth of survey pregnant
Indices 1 group (n = 62) 2 group (n = 73) 3 group (n = 74)
абс. % абс. % абс. %
Presentation of fetus
Cephalic 44 44 39 53.4* 25 33.8***
Pelvic 10 10 17 23.3 22 29.7
Facial 1 1 3 4.1 6 8.1
Transverse 7 7 14 19.2 21 28.4**
In the course of childbirth
Physiological 50 80.6 45 61.6* 35 47.3***
Rush 1 1.6 2 2.7 4 5.4
With premature nym amniorrhea 7 11.3 9 12.3 10 13.5
With stimulation 2 3.2 6 8.2 15 20.3
Caesarean 0 0.0 15 20.5** 23 31.1**
With pliers 0 0.0 3 4.1 8 10.8
Entanglement 2 3.2 10 13.7* 12 16.2***
Note: * — differences with respect to the data group 1 significant (* - P < 0.05; ** - P < 0.01; *** - P < 0.001)
The physiological course of childbirth in the comparison group was observed in 37.1 % more than in comparison to children of the main group (P < 0,05). The childbirth at other women’s were burdened.
The condition at birth was good in an half of children (50.0 %) of comparison group, in 16 (27.6 %) — satisfactory, 8 (13.8 %) — were born in a state of asphyxia.
In the basic group were observed hypoxia in 29 (31.5 %) of children, good condition was only in 22 (23.9 %), in satisfactory condition were born at about a third of the children. Most of the children cried immediately after birth in both groups.
The signs of trouble are: a low score on a scale condition of baby at birth, lack or excess ofweight, lack of or change in the nature of a child crying, rapid heartbeat, changes in muscle tone, impaired sucking and swallowing more appear in children of basic group than in group of comparison.
In the first group, all babies were born healthy and everyone is alive, in group 2 in the neonatal period 13.7 % of children died. Basically, infant mortality was high in group 3, in the antenatal period died 10.8 % of infants, in the intranatal — 8.1 %, neonatal — within 7 days died from severe complications of 20.3 % of the infants (Fig. 1).
Fig. 1. The structure of perinatal mortality
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Section 4. Medical science
In group 1 in the perinatal period were observed isolated cases of diseases, symptoms of which are practically got better after the quickly symptomatic treatment.
In the 2nd group 15 (20.5 %) of children had mild disease. In the group 3, the picture was the exact opposite, Survivors of 46 children had severe complications: hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy — in 5 (6.8 %), pneumopathy — in 6 (8.1 %), intrauterine growth retardation — 20 (20.7 %), congenital
malformations — in 10 (27.0 %), cephalohematomy — in 2 (2.7 %), hematological disorders — in 3 (4.1 %). In the first 7 days in this group from various kinds of complications still died 20.3 % of newborns.
Conclusion. The signs of trouble are: low Apgar score at birth, lack or excess of weight, lack of or change in the nature of a child crying, rapid heartbeat, and the changes in muscle tone, impaired sucking and swallowing.
References:
1. Воскресенский С. Л. Оценка состояния плода. Кардиотокография. Допплерометрия. Биофизический профиль. Учебное пособие. - Мн.: Книжный дом. - 2004. - 304 с.
2. Володин Н. Н. Протоколы диагностики, лечения и профилактики внутриутробных инфекций у новорожденных детей: Методические рекомендации для врачей-неонатологов. - М. - 2001. - 94 с.
3. Гащенко О. В. Комплексная оценка внутриутробного плода с целью прогнозирования исходов родов и выбора способа родоразрешения: автореф. дис... канд. мед. наук. - Ростов н/Д, - 2000. - 24 с.
4. Стрижаков А. Н., Игнатко И. В. Потеря беременности. - М.: Медицинское информационное агентство, - 2007. - 224 с.
5. Стрижаков А. Н., Игнатко И. В. Современные методы оценки состояния матери и плода при беременности высокого риска//Вопросы гинекологии, акушерства и перинатологии. - 2009. - Том. 8, - № 2. - С. 5-15.
Teshaev Shukhrat Jumaevich, DM, professor, Manager by the Department of Anatomy and Operative Surgery with A Topographical Anatomy, Bukhara State Medical Institute Yadgarova Gulnara Sadritdinovna, Senior scientific employee-researcher, Assistant of the Department of Anatomy and Operative surgery with a Topographical Anatomy, Bukhara State Medical Institute,
E-mail: ss-1961@mail.ru
Morphometric parameters of maxillodental at 3-year-old children with artificial and natural food
Abstract: To the article data are driven on the study of anthropometric parameters for the children of 3th summer age with an artificial and natural feed. The row of differences is shown in мо^^^пО^^! development for children at the different types of feed.
Keywords: maxillodental system, anthopometrical parameters, the physiognomical height of face, the morphological height of face, 3-year-old children.
Growth and development maxillodental system (MS) of each child appreciably depend on properties and the features received by it from parents, important role has also social status. The hereditary factor defines not only external shape of the child and its specific features, but sometimes and occurrence of some original reactions or hereditary illnesses. Growth and deve-lopment of MS are under the influence of set of interdependent factors [1; 2; 4]. In development of MS the kind of food of the child (artificial or natural) and social status of family [3; 5; 8] also has importance. One of the very first and basic functions of masticatory apparatus is suction act. Modern researches have shown that this act at natural and artificial feeding (AF) has essential differences. Under the influence of the loadings arising at suction, the corner of
the bottom jaw changes, are formed articulate tubercle of temporomandibular joint, palatal arch. Natural feeding promotes formation of correct occlusion [2].
It is known that the child is born with so-called bird-beak jaw (prognathism) of newborn (bottom jaw is located on the back), and suction movements promote its moving forward and to correct formation. The act of suction also is a basis for formation of breath functions, occlusion and swallowing [5; 7; 8].
Wrong feeding leads to that at the child it is fixed mutual relation between jaws which is called “infantile" or «physiological retrogeniuses», at which the bottom jaw gets distal position. This results from the fact that movers of bottom jaw, and also the circular muscle of mouth and tongue muscle
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