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чтобы цели отдельных работников были максимально приближены к целям организации. Огромную роль здесь играет материальное и моральное поощрение.
Система управления качеством включает в себя делегирование большей ответственности на более низкие уровни управления. В то же время мы не должны забывать о том, что персонал должен быть специально обучен для этого решения, новым для них, ответственности. За счет увеличения ответственности рядовых сотрудников, роль обратной связи, которая является основным компонентом информационной системы предприятия. Естественно, что такой подход не означает отсутствие контроля, но оставляет для более высоких уровней управления больше возможностей сосредоточиться на решении стратегических задач. Важную роль также играют социальные и психологические факторы. Самоконтроль и контроль со стороны коллег более эффективен, чем формальный контроль сверху.
В заключение отметим, что персонал организации должен владеть методами работы в команде. Работы по постоянному улучшению преимущественно организуются и проводятся группами.
Таким образом, достигается синергический эффект, при котором совокупный результат работы команды существенно превосходит сумму результатов отдельных исполнителей.
Литература
1. ГОСТ Р ИСО 9000-2015. Национальный стандарт Российской Федерации. Системы менеджмента качества. Основные положения и словарь (утв. Приказом Росстандарта от 28.09.2015 № 1390-ст).
2. ГОСТ Р ИСО 9001-2015. Национальный стандарт Российской Федерации. Системы менеджмента качества. Требования (утв. Приказом Росстандарта от 28.09.2015 № 1391-ст).
The analysis of foreign economic relations of Uzbekistan
Turobova H.1, Kodirov A.2 Анализ внешнеэкономических связей в Узбекистане Туробова Х. Р.1, Кодиров А. А.2
'Туробова Хулкар Рустамовна / Turobova Hulkar Rustamovna - старший преподаватель; 2Кодиров Азиз Анварович / Kodirov Aziz Anvarovich — преподаватель, кафедра экономики, социально-экономический факультет, Бухарский государственый унверситет, г. Бухара, Республика Узбекистан
Abstract: in article the analysis of trends the foreign economic relations. Much attention is given the importance of the export operations the development of foreign economic relations. Аннотация: в статье проанализирована внешнеэкономическая деятельность Узбекистана. В статье дана особая значимость роли экспорта в развитии внешнеэкономических связей.
Keywords: foreign economic relations, export, import, CIS.
Ключевые слова: внешнеэкономические отношение, экспорт, импорт, СНГ.
The conditions of globalization international trade of the economy, the economic program for 2016 Uzbekistan's were determined the most important functions and as a priority the business environment, to support all aspects of small business and private entrepreneurship and further promotion. In this regard, "the impact of their creative to give privileges and preferences to the free enterprise, to increase the volume and the introduction of investment, especially foreign investment, the provision of sustainable economic growth and its macro-economic balance. The country as a result of opportunities created for entrepreneurs the development of foreign economic relations, a growing number of enterprises with foreign investments. The following pictures described the basic indicators of activity of enterprises with foreign investments (Figure 1).
2500
2000
° 1500 <и
1000
500
I indastry
y agriculture
_i Transport and communication
i construction
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
U Ряд5
0
Source: Numbers of Uzbekistan. Statistical Report, 2016.
Fig. 1. The number of companies included in the activities of foreign capital
Source: Numbers of Uzbekistan. Statistical Report, 2016.
Fig. 2. The indicator of export and import operations (million US dollar)
Table visible shows the number of enterprises with foreign capital grew by 5% in 2015 compared to 2011. This is in exchange for industry and agricultural enterprises. The number of employees increased 11% [1].
Positive changes have taken place in the structure of the imports of the years 2010 -2015. You can see 44% growth share of imports in 2015 compared to 2010. This growth in exchange for chemical products, food products, energy resources and services. Can be observed decreased imports of machinery and equipment. Year after year main reason for this decline the share of imports of machinery and equipment the country, as a result of effective work modernization of production and the localization of software the local production of machinery and equipment is high efficiency in the country.
In 2015, Uzbekistan's foreign trade turnover decreased 0.7% (99.3) compared with 2014, reached 28093.3 million US dollar. In turn, exports operations 14109.0 million. US dollars, which decreased by 1.5%. Foreign trade positive balance of 124.7 million US dollars [1].
2010 - 2015 years, positive changes have taken place the structure of the country's exports of goods, diversification of exports and imports and as a result of measures to improve the development of its (Table 1).
Indicators 2010 2011 2013 2014 2015 Compared to some changes (+-
Total exports (mln USD) 11493,3 11771,3 15087,2 14322,7 14109,0 122.7
% of total exports 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0
Including (% of total): 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0
cotton fiber 9,3 8,6 7,7 8,1 7,4 79.5
chemical products, plastics and plastic products 5,6 5,0 4,0 4,2 4,6 82.1
ferrous and non-ferrous metals 7,0 5,0 6,3 6,7 6,9 98.5
machinery and equipment 7,6 2,9 5,5 5,7 3,9 51
food products 4,5 6,0 9,8 10,3 11,9 264
energy Resources 24,7 34,2 31,1 24,0 26,0 105
services 10,4 8,8 16,2 26,6 21,5 206
others 30,9 29,5 19,4 20,4 17,8 57.6
Source: Numbers of Uzbekistan. Statistical Report, 2016.
The volume of exports sustainable, which export diversification, that is, by expanding the range of goods and services sold abroad, of total exports of goods or services (especially raw) share frequently given, to expand the geography of our products are exported and decreases adverse changes in the level of effectiveness foreign market the national economy. The share of food products sharply increasing of the country's share of exports of goods. That is, 4.5% in 2010, in 2015, 11.9%. You can also observation the growth of exports of services. Trends in the decline in the share of exports of other goods.
One or more of the significant increase in the share of goods the structure of exports are exporting companies can be difficult to put the state the lower the price of these goods or in case of reduced external demand.
As a result, reduction in the volume of exports may cause a decrease in foreign exchange earnings, the deterioration of the foreign trade balance and take the financial vulnerability. In addition, the total volume of exports also remain tied a small number of countries are conspiracies situation.
Next time in the world market as far as possible getting rid of quickly the practice of export fell sharply of raw materials prices, expanding to enable the export of competitive products and the geography of supply of products. The use of modern techniques and technologies production of goods and services finds its place not only in the domestic market, but the increasing competition in the world markets.
States 2010 2011 2013 2014 2015
Export to CIS countries 43.4 44,7 56,6 46,4 50,3
Azerbaijan 0,3 0,2 0,1 0,2 0,3
Armenia 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0
Belarus 0,2 0,1 0,2 0,1 0,2
Georgia - - - - -
Kazakhstan 6,8 11,1 12,3 14,5 18,0
Kyrgyzstan 0,8 0,6 0,5 1,1 1,2
Moldova 0,1 0,1 0,0 0,2 0,2
Russia 31,9 29,3 37,8 24,0 19,9
Tajikistan 0,9 0,8 1,2 1,0 1,1
Turkmenistan 0,9 1,1 1,3 1,2 1,6
Ukraine 1,4 1,2 3,0 3,7 1,4
Import to CIS countries 40,6 40,8 39,2 37,8 38,0
Azerbaijan 0,4 0,5 0,1 0,1 0,2
Armenia 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0
Belarus 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,1
Georgia - - - - -
Kazakhstan 10,9 10,0 9,1 7,6 7,2
Kyrgyzstan 0,5 0,6 0,5 0,3 0,4
Moldova 0,1 0,1 0,0 0,1 0,1
Russia 21,7 21,0 21,0 22,8 23,7
Tajikistan 0,1 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0
Turkmenistan 1,6 3,0 1,9 1,3 1,3
Ukraine 4,1 4,4 5,2 3,5 3,0
Source: Numbers of Uzbekistan. Statistical Report, 2016.
Diversification of export goods, to expanding the geography of the importing countries are avoided fall sharply exports problems arise in the economy one of the countries or a group.
During the past years the implementation of measures to support export enterprises gives opportunity the export potential of the economy, achieve a positive shift in the structure of foreign trade and its stable growth.
Uzbekistan's foreign trade turnover is great in the role of the countries of the CIS. The share of these countries 50% of exports in 2015. Kazakhstan accounted for 18%, Russia 19.9% within CIS countries (table 2).
We believe that to improve the competitiveness of our products on the world market and for worthy place in the international markets an important factor in the implementation of the following measures:
- the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) ISO 9001: 2000 -quality management system depth study of quality requirements and international standards of products and the introduction of adapt to local conditions; - to establishment of a quality management system to the level of international standards the quality of export products and the level of environmental safety; -to develop marketing strategies and pricing strategies of products access to international markets; -reliable logistics system of output products to the world markets and the establishment of transport corridors, improve transport and communication networks for assistance to exporters of agricultural products. Adaptation to the requirements of the global agricultural and food markets of the country's export and import of normative legal base.
In conclusion, we can say, quality indicators and to increase the competitiveness of the country's fruit and vegetable products service the sustainable development of agriculture and increase the export potential of the industry.
References
1. Numbers of Uzbekistan. Statistical Report. Tashkent, 2016. P. 192-195.
2. Turobova H., Turayev M. The ways of development family business in the rural // International
scientific review, 2016. № 2 (12). P. 110-112.
