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Wschodnioeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe (East European Scientific Journal) #3(19), 2017 stst™ 5
АРХИТЕКТУРА
Panchenko E. I.
graduate student in the field «Construction» of Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shoukhov
Tarasenko V. N.
Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor at the Department of Architectural Structures
of Belgorod State Technological University named after V. G. Shoukhov,
Belgorod, Russian Federation
Панченко Елена Игоревна
магистрант по направлению «Строительство», Белгородский государственный технологический университет им. В.Г. Шухова
Тарасенко Виктория Николаевна кандидат технических наук, доцент кафедры архитектурных конструкций, Белгородский государственный технологический университет им. В.Г. Шухова
TECHNOLOGICAL FACADE SYSTEMS IN DESIGNING OF BIONIC VOLUMES
ТЕХНОЛОГИЧНЫЕ ФАСАДНЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ В ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИИ БИОНИЧЕСКИХ
ОБЪЕМОВ
Summary: Principles of formation in nature, which are realized through an associative approach with elements of the environment, provide a high variability in space-planning solutions for buildings having constructive plasty. This article is devoted to principles of using modern facing materials in the design of facade systems.
Key words: Bioarchitecture; Organic Architecture; Bionics; Parametric Architecture.
Аннотация: Принципы природного формообразования, реализующиеся посредством ассоциативного подхода с элементами окружающей среды, обеспечивают высокую вариативность объемно -планировочных решений зданий, обладающих конструктивной пластикой. В статье рассматриваются принципы использования современных облицовочных материалов при проектировании фасадных систем.
Ключевые слова: биоархиткетура; органическая архитектура; бионика; параметрическая архитектура.
The most harmonious forms, both from the point of view of beauty and functionality, are created by nature itself. Man has always borrowed natural elements and structures to solve many everyday problems. Every year, people's need for finding a natural habitat is increasingly felt, so the theme of organic architecture is becoming more and more relevant [1].
Under the organic architecture should be understood not only the use of natural materials in construction, but also the borrowing of natural forms, subordination to the natural relief of the environment and climatic conditions. Buildings have dynamic and irregular outlines that create the impression of a separate organism with its functions and development, like any plant or living organism [3, 4, 6]. The purpose of bionics is to create spaces that meet their original objectives [5].
An important step in the introduction of organic architecture was the use of spatial rod systems. Their application allows to design complex forms of buildings, using a set of unified nodal and rod elements [10]. Structural constructions are systems which consisting of rods connected at nodes and arranged in a clear geometric sequence. The simplest structure can be created from immutable cells in the form of polyhedra: a cube, a tetrahedron, etc. The sides of cells formed by ribs are
connected in tops of pyramids, forming the upper grid [11].
Bioarchitecture includes creation of new building materials, the structure and shape of which is borrowed in the natural environment [12].
Building materials are playing a significant role in assessing the artistics and esthetics of project. It is known that well-chosen materials for construction and finishing are important components of success of any project (help in identifying the entire form, structural regularities of the volume, providing technical and operational properties, etc.). Parametric architecture and bionic approach stimulate researches, which are aimed at creating new building materials that meet constructive, ecological, thermotechnical and esthetic requirements on the basis of studying the laws of living tissue formation [8, 9].
The developed decorative plasty is provided in many respects due to the use of patterns (templates, repeated with regularity) [13]. Just as the body of fish is covered with scales of a certain repeating shape, or corn cob is formed from grains, the parametric volume is divided into segments (patterns) of a given shape (Figure 1).
Wschodnioeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe (East European Scientific JournaI)#3(19), 2017
Figure 1. Types of facade systems: a - with bend, scales and rhombuses; B - with the use of panels; C - with the use ofprofiles; G - with the use of cassettes
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In parametric design an important place is given to the development of morphology of spatial patterns, as the structural elements that make up the plastic volume [7]. The search for new ideas is carried out in many directions, patterns are known in the form of soap bubbles, hydrological and vascular systems, protein folds, cellular automata, points of attraction, force fields, moirés, fractals [16], atomic and molecular structures, tissues, viruses and microorganisms, different hybrids and their derivatives. The main place in design of spatial patterns in this case is given to architectural geometry and the theory of composition, based on such concepts as harmony, rhythm, meter, color, texture, adjusted for the non-linear nature of objects [17].
From this point of view, zinc-titanium coatings not only provide an attractive appearance and complex geometry, but also allows to structure the volume. The shade and technological properties of material in future will depend on the composition of zinc alloy and proportions of copper and titanium. Patination of surfaces involves changing the color in time from gray-blue to dark gray.
The most esthetically appealing are panels that mimic the structure of seashells or squama (Figure 2). On the surface made by profiles, a play of light is created, which adds a visual appeal to facade.
Figure 2. Volumetric materials of facade systems based on zinc-titanium coatings: A - single cassettes, simulating a structured surface; B - seashells; C - squama
The use of titanium-zinc for façade panels is quite expensive, but a promising method. In addition to fact that the material is durable, titanium-zinc panels can repeat the most complex facade geometry.
Hinged volumetric facades of GRADAS, consisting of single cassettes are similar in price, but more es-thetically attractive. Based on technical and design solutions, the shape and size of each panel can be individual. In producing of cassettes the stainless steel, aluminum, copper are used most often. Also popular is the steel alloy Cor-Ten, alloyed with additives of chromium, phosphorus and copper. It has high strength and corrosion properties. This alloy has a velvet texture -patina. Such facade panels have a wider color palette. Cassettes are stylized under the pearl shells and fish
squama. Polyhedra, from which a surface is formed, fit exactly to each other, forming convex tops. The panels form a complex volumetric composition on facades and allow the formation of facade planes, which will look different depending on the viewpoint: when viewed from the front, the facade looks flat, and when the angle changes, the volumetricity changes.
According to current urbanization trends, it should be noted that one of the ways to develop the architectural environment will be the appeal to organic environment. The basic principle of bionics - from function to form - solves not only the planning and esthetic issues of architecture, but also takes into account the natural needs of man, referring to the structural forms of nature.
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