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11guard. He was born in 1919 in Syrdariya. Nurpeisov's parents were registered on the birth certificate by the birth place,called karakalpak, by destiny his parents moved to Karakalpakstan which now belongs to Uzbekistan. The son of Alash, was awareded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for courage in the war [4].
Sabyr Rakhimov was born in 1902 in the village of Kokabel of Kazygurt district of South Kazakhstan region. In Soviet Union he was known as representative of the Uzbek nationality.After declaration of sovereignty of Kazakhstan: Rakhimov was recognized as a Kazakh. During the anniversary of twenty-year victory of the war with the Nazi invaders on May 6,1965 S. Rakhimov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union [5].
Rasul Yesetov commander of the reconnaissance platoon of the rifle regiment № 650 in connection with a mistake in the passport until the end of the 90-ies was considered an Uzbek and was not included in the Kazakh heroes, April 24, 1945 received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, [6].
Kazakhstan showed great heroism and contributed to the rapprochement of Victory Day in the battles with the enemy, as part of the Soviet Union. 520 Kazakhstans,including more than 100 Kazakhs, were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for the feats of arms, indicating that the Kazakh people came to the defense of a common Motherland.
As for the losses, for more than twenty years because of Stalin was the first secretary and then Brezhnev, and the number of human losses varied in the Great Patriotic War. In the years when the worship of Stalin's personality had not yet faded, for fifteen years (1945-1960) it was found that in the USSR 7 million people died in the war. For the first time this figure was announced by the Soviet leadership in February 1946. The death toll in the war of the Soviet Union was counted to twenty million in the following years of stagnation and during the "Khrushchev decade". The next leader L.I.Brezhnev increased this number and showed more than 20 million people. Thus, this figure was written in all textbooks, encyclopedias and historical Chronicles. Later on May 8, 1990, President of the USSR Mikhail Gorbachev in his report dedicated to the 45th anniversary of the Victory announced that 27 million Soviet people died in World War II [7]. This was
the latest information close to the truth of historians, with the exception of confidentiality false information and political allowances in all archives and military documents [8].
There are different opinions about the number of Kazakhs who died in the Great Patriotic war.In later years, the number of Kazakhs who did not return from the war reached 601 000, more than 350 thousand of them are Kazakhs. This is a list of those who died on the battlefields. If we talk about the total population and the number of deaths in the war, the loss of Kazakhs is much higher than neighboring Uzbek, Tatar, Azerbaijani, Georgian people. For these percentage costs, the loss Kazakh people are equal to the Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, where there were military actions.
In conclusion, it should be noted that the number of the citizens of Kazakhstan was 6.2 million people , and during the war more than 1.7 thousand people went to the frontline.
REFERENCES:
1. General provisions P. R. Amanzholov Second world war. - Almaty: Rauan, 1995-101p
2. B. S Saylan Bauyrzhan Momyshuly and Great Patriotic War. «National hero Bauyrzhan Momyshuly and New Kazakhstan» Materials of the international scientific-practical conference .2010, 2010, 4-5 No-vember.Almaty: al-Farabi KazNU, 2010- 77-80p.p.
"Science, Education and innovation-factors of implementation of the Strategy" Kazakhstan-2050". -
3. O. Donabak Batyr,Hero// The city and the Steppe. - 2006.10 Feb.
4. E. Bekturganov / / source: http://ege-men.kz/2014/11/29/43953 ahhh!....
5. B. S. Saylan Bauyrzhan Momyshuly and the Great Patriotic War / / Bulletin of KazNU. Al-Farabi . Series history. - 2014№2 (73). - 255-259.
6. K. Atjan the Return of the hero of the Kazakh // Zhas Alash. - 2011-June 30.
7. D. Nurkamytuly 1418 days and nights, who saved humanity / / legal newspaper. 2009 may 8. - 5 p.
8. Kazakhstan, National Encyclopedia. - Almaty, 2007. Moscow : Higher school, 58 p 1974.
T.RYSKULOV - INDEPENDENCE TURKESTAN
Kozybakova F.
Al-Faraby Kazakh national university Faculty of history, archeology and ethnology Professor, doctor of historical science
Tilepi B.
Al-Faraby Kazakh national university Faculty of history, archeology and ethnology 2 course master student
Abstract
This article examines the work and diplomacy achievements of T. Ryskulov, a prominent politician and economist of the USSR during the tragic era of the twentieth century, as well as millions of people living in Turkestan's famine, studying the works of Turar Ryskulov and his researchers, diplomatic and economic properties.
Keywords: state, economic, political, international,
The history of the country, which is now recognized by the world as having a high reputation, consists of several difficult stages. The Kazakh people suffered the most serious political and socio-economic processes. Turar Ryskulov, an experienced economist, explains what role young people play in the transition to transition economies ", which is one of the most difficult moments in the first half of the twentieth century." The hereditary relations and the hereditary life of the Kazakh people contributed to the current economic and cultural development of the Kazakh people, and prevented the productive forces from flaring up and down, gradually destroying themselves ". Authorities claim that they can use generosity to cover up their suffering.
The development of economic theory in Kazakhstan is closely connected with the emergence of the national intelligentsia, which absorbed the advanced democratic ideas of social and social organization of society and the withdrawal of oppressed masses of workers from poverty and lawlessness. On the basis of these ideas, the most progressive part of the national intelligentsia was formed in various regions of the Russian empire, which was later called upon to carry out the most important state transformations at various levels of the socio-political, state and scientific fields of activity. Most of them fruitfully realized their knowledge in public positions and in various branches of science, making a significant contribution to the formation of new social relations in the national outskirts of the Soviet Union.
In the pieces of politicians who stood at the origins of socialist construction and devoted themselves to the realization of a new ideology aimed at taking into account the interests of the people, Turar Ryskulov occupies a special place. As a political figure, he was able to concentrate on the most important principles of socialist ideology and put them into practice at any level of government, on which he was at a specific period of time. Such a concentration of volitional efforts testified to his important features as a political leader, namely: the ability to focus on the main goals and objectives of a particular period; the preference of complex measures, allowing to solve the main tasks more successfully, the constant search for new methods and ways to implement the tasks.
Essentially, Turar Ryskulov had a highly developed flexible analytical thinking and foresight of the political leader, allowing, if necessary, correcting individual ways to solve social and economic problems, which, given the dominant ideology of the dictatorship of "socialist discipline," was quite extraordinary in the general leadership style.
It should be noted that the formation of Turar Ryskulov as a policy took place in the harsh conditions of class struggle and the opposition of the ideas of socialist revolution to the tsarist regime. The political platform of Bolshevism, unswervingly sweeping aside all the manifestations of bourgeois, did not allow the rudiments of democracy, which carried a part of intellectuals, to manifest themselves in full growth. However, Turar Ryskulov sought to separate the "rational grain from the chaff," and to carry out democratic convictions, which made it possible to more fully take into
contacts, diplomacy.
account the interests of both the people and the representatives of the national bourgeoisie, aimed at progressive society.
Having become the most prominent representative of the democratically-minded intelligentsia, from the very beginning of his political work, Turar Ryskulov defined progress, high patriotism and true democracy, manifested daily, constantly, regardless of the specific situation or the nature of the tasks to be solved.
In the process of the formation of Turar Ryskulov as a political figure, the principles of strengthening the solidarity of different peoples who took the path of building a new society, which dominate in socialist ideology, played a large role. Essentially, personal self-improvement took place, closely linked with the ideas of socialism and its three pillars — revolutionary changes in social arrangement, the dominant dictatorship of the proletariat and the growth of the national liberation movement. The important fact that the general ideological platform of socialism coincided from its very outset with its personal ideological position very positively influenced Turar Rysklova's political growth and the integrity of his political motivation. This is very important if we take into account the nature of the interests of the national bourgeoisie, which was more situational than purposeful and far-sighted, because of which many politicians could not fully realize themselves as individuals, taking the side of the forces opposing the ideas of the dictatorship of socialism.
Turar Ryskulov on the path of becoming a politician was both harder and easier than many representatives of the national bourgeoisie, who were striving for progressive changes in society. First, the origin of the young politician - from the very bottom of the Kazakh people, and secondly - freedom from many dogmas and personal knowledge of various aspects of life, not in theory, but in practice. As you know, from an early age, a young revolutionary and a future well-known politician had to experience well-known politician who had to experience the life, to go through their "universities", which were very bitter from the recognizable truth of life, sometimes humiliating and always difficult on tolerable losses and inadequate personal aspirations degree of freedom in ordinary life situations.
Many researchers studying the life of Turar, as a rule, rely on the initial facts in his biography, which influenced his formation, first of all, as a person. In social terms, this is certainly correct, since the formation of personal motivation largely depends on its socium, including the initial one that has developed in childhood. In this case, the extremely low standard of living and the humiliating social position of the Ryskulov family served as the starting point in shaping the revolutionary spirit in the later stages of Turar Ryskulov's life.
The foundation of the ideological position for Turar Ryskulov who started his life in life was his introduction to the most progressive part of the national intelligentsia, which was trained, as a rule, in Russian, and Bola is free from Pan-Islamism or Pan-Turkism, characteristic of graduates of Muluman schools. The socio-economic situation at the beginning of the twentieth century in many Central Asian regions was characterized by the prevalence of the imperial environs in their serious direction. They were serious appendages
of the Russian empire, and this functional role in economic development was constantly strengthened, which led to a significant lag in social development to a one-sided economic profile, which slowed down the overall progress in the development of regions. This state of affairs led to a gradual increase in the negativity of the emerging national intelligentsia, which, with an awareness of the negative tendencies of one-sided development of the economy, began to gradually move away to radical trends, aimed at a significant split in society.
It was not by chance that the life of Turar Rysku-lov, who stood at the origins of socialist construction that was complex in purpose and rather rigid in its means, became the object of research of many scientists - historians, political scientists, and sociologists as economists. At the same time, the historiography of Turar Ryskulov's life itself was limited to researchers, namely, the ideological background prevented an objective assessment of the activities of this leader, who managed to defend the interests of a multiethnic state, sometimes at the expense of himself. The political ideology during the leadership of Joseph Stalin, which formed for him the base of the personality, was incompatible with any deviation from its basic tenets, redrawn by the "leader" and demanding strict compliance. For many politicians, including T.Ryskulov, this was a difficult period of suppressing freedom of speech, and the leadership, often, from common sense, and as a result, confusion and subsequent either uncertainty in actions or political conflicts, was a difficult period. For T.Ryskulov, this period of joint work with I.V. Stalin, which spanned 14 years, was not only difficult and ambiguous, but also creative, since it was possible to implement important socio-economic decisions that softened the prevailing political terror. However, these historically significant decisions were able to be highlighted in studies on Turar Ryskulov not immediately, but with the weakening of political censorship.
A significant contribution to the historiography of Turar Ryskulov was made by domestic historians and a number of Russian scientists, who were the first in the most reliable generalization of his life and work. In addition, it should be noted that these researchers not only summarized the various aspects of Turar Ryskulov's activities, but also made an attempt to give a broad assessment of its results, as well as their influence on the socio-political atmosphere of the period of the USSR's development. The objectivity of these assessments made it possible to highlight various aspects of the life of a large statesman, taking into account both the mistakes made and miscalculations, and undoubted merit. They present not only historical and biographical data, but also studied the practical activities of Turar Rysku-lov. These researchers paid special attention to the pur-posefulness of Turar Ryskulov in the practical implementation of strategic decisions, taking into account local peculiarities and the interests of the majority of the population of the national Okarin.
In addition, the authors managed to approach the study of the life and activity of Turar Ryskulov not in isolation, but in close connection with the main historical events experienced by the country in a particular period of its development, and the role of political and socio-economic decisions and their implementation.
In our opinion, it is very important for the holistic perception of the activities of any statesman, especially such a level as Turar Ryskulov, to study and summarize the main milestones of his activities in the public arena. Turar Ryskulov held the following positions of responsibility:
1) 1917-1918 - Chairman of Auli-Ata district executive committee;
2) 1918-1919 - Deputy Chairman of the Central Election Commission of the Turkestan Republic, chairman of the regional bureau of the native communist parties;
3) 920 - Chairman of the Central Election Commission of the Republic of Turkestan and a member of the Presidium of the Regional Committee of the RKP (b);
4) 1923-1924 - Chairman of the SNK of Turkestan, a member of the Central Asian Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b), a member of the Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Turkestan;
5) 1924-1925 - Deputy Head of the Eastern Department of the Comintern in Mongolia, Head of the Press Department of the Kazk District Committee of the RCP (b);
6) 1925-1937 - Deputy Chairman of the SNK of the RSFSR [2, p. 459].
The foundation of such solid activity in various government positions was the formation of T.Ryskulov, who, despite his position as a non-resident from the Asian part of Russia, managed to become a real intellectual. He began his education, overcoming the resistance of representatives of the Russian Enlightenment, repeatedly receiving refusals of instruction from a number of educational institutions, and only after contacting the Ministry of Enlightenment of Tsarist Russia did he succeed in entering the Teachers' Institute in Tashkent. By that time, being a little older than 20 years, he was already a democratically-minded young man, actively seeking to permanently master knowledge, expand his outlook and intelligence. It should be noted that T.Ryskulov was not an exception from the progressively-minded part of the youth of that time, people from different strata who were trying to get a higher education. It was a period of active formation of the new intelligentsia, when its number from 1897 to 1913. doubled, and students in universities - almost tripled.
In finally, Turar's lifelong work was a struggle for the people, that is to improve the welfare of the country, and the idea of its political ideas was the idea of "Independent Turkistan". Turar has always kept this idea in mind and survived for a lifetime.
REFERENCES:
1. Ryskulov T. Selected transactions. - Alma-Ata: "Kazakhstan", 1984. -260s.
2. Goloschekin FI Reports to the general public. Part III of the plenum by Krykoma VKP (6) // -1928.
3. Abillayuly M., Abildayev N. Turar Ryskulov is in Mongolia. -Almaty: "Kazakhstan", 1994. - 84 p.
4. Konyratbaev O. What is Ryskulovshyllyk? // Flame. -1992. -No
5. Akhmetov A prominent figure of the party and state // Communist of Kazakhstan. -1984. -10
