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16Scientific Journal Impact Factor
SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC PROPERTIES OF THE PHYTONOMIC AND ZOONOMIC COMPONENT PROVERBS
In the verbalization of the national worldview, paremiological units, proverbs, have a special significance, because proverbs embody the peculiarities of national character. A person's daily life, social orientation, is reflected in the meaning of proverbs and sayings. The British call proverbs "Proverbs are the wisdom of the streets," the Russians say "Proverbs are the wisdom of the people," and the Uzbek call them "proverbs are the words of wisdom of the people." In this article we will discuss some proverbs semantically and structurally which are related to zoonyms and phytonoms.
Keywords: language , culture, idioms, paremiological units, proverbs, sayings
В вербализации национального мировоззрения паремиологические единицы, пословицы имеют особое значение, поскольку пословицы воплощают особенности национального характера. Повседневная жизнь человека, социальная ориентация отражается в значении пословиц и поговорок. Британцы называют пословицы «Пословицы - это мудрость улиц», русские говорят: «Пословицы - это мудрость народа», а узбеки называют их «пословицы - это слова мудрости народа». В этой статье мы обсудим семантически и структурно некоторые пословицы, относящиеся к зоонимам и фитономам.
Ключевые слова: язык, культура, идиомы, паремиологические единицы, пословицы, поговорки.
INTRODUCTION
The determinism between language and culture, that is, the interdependence of one another, is the real "mutuality." Therefore, it is natural that scholars from different countries study the issue of language and culture in different directions. This problem is solved by linguists (Y. Sorokin, V. Telia, E. Vereshchagin, A. Vejbitskaya, V. Kostomarov, D. Olford, D. Heims, etc.) and philosophers (G. Brutyan, E. Markaryan, and others), psychologists ( L. Vygotsky, A. Leontev, V. Petrenko, P. Gulviste). This issue plays an important role in research on speech culture.
Mengniyazova Gulnora Toshtemirovna
Denau institute of entrepreneurship and pedagogy Foreign language and literature chair, teacher
ABSTRACT
АННОТАЦИЯ
E. Sepir and B. Vorf said their hypotheses that language is a product of culture and at the same time a factor in the formation of culture. After all, any culture is manifested in language, and as language finds its material shell, it develops and changes under the influence of the environment.
Proverbs are the result of the life experience of the people. They exist in the language as a stable compound, ready for the speech process. About the proverbs the Russian writer JI.H. Tolstoy wrote, "In every proverb I see the image of the people who created this proverb." Indeed, there is no nation in the world that has not created a masterpiece of proverbs and sayings, which has not been preserved, polished and preserved in its language and heart for centuries. Proverbs are a means of expressing the identity, mentality, national character, customs and values of peoples.
In proverbs, a person expresses his attitude to life, nature, family and society, life experiences and features of everyday life, socio-political, spiritual-enlightenment, moral-aesthetic and philosophical views, in other words, himself and his identity. The proverbs reflect the life problems, hard work and hardships, successes and failures of the people. Proverbs and sayings vividly reflect the way of life, its conveniences, history, geography and traditions of one culture, and the national image of each nation.
DISCUSSION AND RESULTS
Analysis of syntactic structures of proverbs with zoonymic and phytonymic components According to the grammatical structure of proverbs, they can be imperative, negative and declarative.
Simple sentence
The dominant syntactic structure in the structure of English proverbs includes proverbs with simple sentence constructions. These include proverbs with phytonym and zoonym components:
A black lion lays a white egg.
A curst cow has short horns .A rolling stone gathers no moss.
All cats are grey in the dark.
Barking dogs seldom bite. Wolf never wars against wolf Little strokes fell great oaks. One swallow does not make a summer The last straw breaks the camel's back There is no rose without a thorn Life is not a bed of roses
Among the simple constructions we can distinguish the following constructions:
1) Paremia in the construction of the command sentence:
Don't look a gift horse in the mouth
Love me, love my dog
Put not your hand between the bark and the tree. Don't swap horses in the middle of the stream Do not spur a willing horse Never buy a pig in a poke Give never the wolf the wether to keep Take heed of the snake in the grass
2) INFINITIVE CONSTRUCTIONS To kill two birds with one stone To live cat-and-dog life To beard the lion in his den To cast pearls before swine To beat about the bush
3) CONSTRUCTIONS IN THE FORM OF INTERROGATIVE AND RETHORIC SENTENCES
Can the leopard change his spots? What can you expect from a hog but a grunt? What does the moon care if the dogs bark at her? Complex sentences
We know that conjunctions are divided into two types of conjunctions that are connected and followed. Proverbs are made up of similar compound sentences. Let us now consider the conjunctions connected. A connected compound sentence
In compound sentences, independent sentences are connected to each other by the following connections:
1) oppositions
Agues come on horse-back, but go away on foot. The dogs bark, but the caravan goes on. Honey is sweet but the bee stings
2) Limited oppositions
The pitcher goes often to the well, but is broken at last. Let the cock crow or not, the day will come
3) connected relations
Grasp the nettle and it won't sting you Don % make yourself a mouse, or the cat will eat you. Two dogs fight for a bone, and a third runs away with it. 5) complex sentences without linking words
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No bees, no honey; no work, no money
Among the proverbs in the form of a compound sentences, we found the following constructions:
1) Along with the following "that" pronoun, the possessor of the sentence comes between "he" and other secondary sources:
He that would eat the fruit must climb the tree He that will eat the kernel must crack the nut
2) According to its structure, the most common adverb is a compound sentence with emphatic adverbs, in which the pronouns "that" and "dog" are in the definite article.
It is a good horse that never stumbles.
It is an ill bird that fouls its own nest
It's a bold mouse that nestles in the cat's ear
It's a silly fish that is caught twice with the same bait
Dogs that put up many hares kill none
Each stain comes to sight on a horse that is white
2) The next type of adverb is a compound sentence with a conditional adverb, in which the "if" conjunction plays an important role.
If the things were horses, beggars might (would) ride.
If you run after two hares, you will catch neither.
If the sky falls, we shall catch larks
If the ass (donkey) bray at you, don't bray at him
If one sheep leaps over the ditch, all the rest will follow
If you agree to carry the calf they 41 make you to carry the cow
If you swear, you will catch no fish
In some cases, the subordinate clause comes before the main clause. Pigs might fly if they had wings
3) Another type of compound sentence with a follow-up sentence, which is a compound sentence with a follow-up sentence connected with the conjunction "when" and "where".
When the fox preaches, take care of your geese.
When candles are out all the cats are grey.
When the cats away, the mice will play.
Oaks may fall when reeds stand the storm
It is too late to lock the stable when the horse has been stolen
The mouse lordships where a cat is not
To express the of the action the conjunction "while " is often used. While the grass grows the horse (steed) starves. A tree must be bent while young
4) In the noun clauses "what " is used.
What is bred in the bone will not go out of the flesh. The cow knows not what her tail is worth until she has lost it. He knows how many beans make five The cow knows not what her tail is worth until she has lost it The old cow thinks she was never a calf Opposition constructions includes following constructions:
1) with the conjunction "as" As you sow you shall mow.
2) with the causative conjunctions "as" and "so" As the tree falls, so shall it lie
As the tree, so the fruit
As the old cock crows, so does the young
3) as...as, so...as, like
As black as a crow As busy as a bee As mad as a March hare As merry as a cricket Like a cat on hot bricks As brave as lion with a lamb
5) Better than
Better an egg today than a hen to-morrow A living dog is better than a dead lion
A bad bush is better than an open field Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion Better lose the saddle than the horse Better ride an ass that carries us than a horse that throws us
6) proverbs with word expressions
A dog in the manger. A fly in the ointment A hard nut to crack .Neither fish nor flesh. When pigs fly
Most proverbs are often in the form of imperative.
1) declarative: Let sleeping dogs lie
2)negative : Look not a gift horse in the mouth compound-complex sentences
1) declarative: Go to bed with the lamb and rise with the lark
2) negative: Grasp the nettle and it won't sting you.
1) negative: Don't count your chickens before they are hatched; Don't cross the bridges before you come to them.
CONCLUSION
In this article, we have examined the proverbs in English and analyzed them grammatically, and have achieved the results in the following table: declarative: A cat may look at a king
interrogative: What does the moon care if the dogs bark at her? Imperative: Let sleeping dogs lie Negative: Look not a gift horse in the mouth Simple sentences: A rolling stone gathers no moss Compound sentences: One man makes a chair and another man sits in it. Simple declarative sentences: Little strokes fell great oaks Simple declarative sentences: Can the leopard change his spots? Simple imperative sentences: Let sleeping dogs lie Simple negative sentences: You cannot judge a tree by its bark. Compound declarative sentences:When candles are out all the cats are grey. Compound imperative sentences: First catch your hare, and then cook him. Compound negative sentences: Don't count your chickens until they hatched.
Complex declarative sentences: He that will steal an egg will steal an ox. Complex declarative sentences: The dogs bark, but the caravan goes on. Oppositions: As the tree falls, so shall it lie Word expressions: A hard nut to crack
REFERENCES
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