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Sustainable security of social and labor relations of a town-forming enterprise of a monoprofile municipality
5. Девко С. Т. Гармошзац1я податково! полггики кра!н Свропейського Союзу в умовах штеграцп [Electronic source]/C. Т. Девко. - Access mode: http://irbis-nbuv.gov.ua/cgi-bin/irbis_nbuv/cgiirbis_64.exe? C21COM=2&I21DB N=UJRN&P21DBN=UJRN&IMAGE_FILE_DOWNLOAD=1&Image_file_name=PDF/ecvu_2013_20 (1)______29.pdf.
6. Погорлецкий А. И. Конвергенция национальных налоговых систем/А. И. Погорлецкий//Вестник СПбГУ - 2005. -Сер.5. - Вып. 2. - С. 65-73.
Roshchina Irina Victorovna, Tomsk State University, PhD, Professor, the Faculty of Economy E-mail: riv58@yandex.ru Dyatlova Natalya Alexandrovna, Tomsk State University, Post-graduate student, the Faculty of Economy E-mail: dyatlova.na@mail.ru
Sustainable security of social and labor relations of a townforming enterprise of a monoprofile municipality
Abstract: In this paper the authors prove the actuality of the analysis of social and labor relations in monoprofile municipalities today. The specific features of social and labor relations at a town-forming enterprise of a monoprofile municipality are displayed. The concepts of “sustainable development of social and labor relations" and “sustainable security of social and labor relations” of a town-forming enterprise of a monoprofile municipality are developed. The authors proposed a methodological approach to the evaluation of sustainable security of social and labor relations of a town-forming enterprise of a monoprofile municipality.
Keywords: social and labor relations, town-forming enterprise, monoprofile municipality, sustainable security
1. Introduction
Social and labor relations are the key component of the entire system of relations of the society. They define the people’s way of life, the structure of the related processes and relationships, the level of their well-being. The level of the development of social and labor relations characterizes the social orientation of the economic system, the perfection of social relations as a whole. However, the careful attention should be paid to the study of the specifics of social and labor relations at the town-forming enterprises are, as they are the special object of the regional economy. The town-forming enterprise acts as the company which employs a large proportion of the municipality population.
It is also a budget-forming company because the local budget is based on the income of the population, the main source of which is wages set by the town-forming enterprise. The townforming enterprise proves to be the socio-forming, because it is the source of a variety of social benefits for the population and generates the unique subculture of the city related to the activities of this enterprise. In addition, the city-forming enterprise becomes the image-forming for the monoprofile municipality, because the prestige of the occupations related to it depends on its status and privileged position [1; 2].
The effect of the town-forming enterprises and the monoprofile municipalities on the Russian economy can be illustrated by statistics. Thus, according to the data of 01.10.2013, over 16 million people, which is more than 11% of the total popu-
lation of Russia, live in 467 monoprofile municipalities and
produce about 21% of the country’s GDP [3]. In the foreign countries, in which there are also the monoprofile municipalities, the considerable experience in their management is gained.
In the crisis conditions the town-forming enterprise appeared to be less stable in comparison to the companies of the multi-industry economy cities. Currently, the Group for the modernization of the monoprofile municipalities is established under the governmental commission for the economic development and integration, which divided all monoprofile municipalities of Russia (the number of which was reduced to 342) according to «the traffic lights» mode. Depending on the socio-economic status the three zones were marked as follows: the «red» zone — a bad situation, or a tendency to worsen (92 monoprofile municipalities); the «yellow» zone — the situation is stable but may deteriorate at any time (150 monoprofile municipalities); the «green» zone — the situation is stable (100 monoprofile municipalities) [6]. In the monoprofile municipalities the constant monitoring to detect the emerging threats and negative tendencies, above all, in the social and labor sphere, is required in order to prevent its transition from the «yellow» and «green» zones to the «red» one, and reduce their overall level of socio-economic wellbeing.
The formation of the socio-economic well-being of the monoprofile municipality and its population is inextricably linked to the sustainability of social and labor relations of the
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town-forming enterprise of the monoprofile area. [7] However, in the domestic and foreign literature the researches on comprehensive and integrated analysis of social and labor relations of the monoprofile municipalities are underrepresented. All existing methods [8, 9, 10-13, 14-16] are devoted to the general analysis of the socio-economic situation of the municipal municipalities. The analysis of social and labor relations in the techniques is carried out only on the basis of the individual performance. At the same time it is important to assess comprehensively the state of labor relations in the monoprofile municipality. Thus, the relevance of this research and the need for further analysis led to the choice of the research topic.
2. Features of social and labor relations in the monoprofile municipality
The purpose of this paper is to develop methodological approaches for the assessment of sustainable security of social Table 1. - The specifics of social and la
and labor relations of a town-forming enterprise of a monoprofile municipality.
The object of study is the sphere of social and labor relations of a town-forming enterprise of a monoprofile municipality.
The subj ect of the study is the factors and the methods to ensure sustainable security of social and labor relations of a town-forming enterprise of a monoprofile municipality.
The sphere of social and labor relations of monoprofile municipalities has specific features compared to municipalities with a diversified economic structure (Table 1). This issue is discussed more detailed in the publication of the authors [17]. Therefore it is necessary to provide the monoprofile municipality not only by the safety of social and labor relations, but also their long-term safety, carrying out the continuous monitoring.
■ relations of a monoprofile municipality
Subsystem The specifics of social and labor relations of a monoprofile municipality
Social subsystem (social and labor aspect) 1) the low level of diversification in the labor market (because a large proportion of the population of a monoprofile municipality is employed by a town-forming enterprise); 2) a town-forming enterprise has a significant impact on the price of labor in the labor market of a monoprofile municipality; 3) the dependence of a monoprofile municipality infrastructure (municipal facilities, power, social services) from a town-forming enterprise; 4) the limited labor mobility; 5) the closed structure of labor market with the limited resources for the development of labor potential; 6) the low entrepreneurial activity of the population (a low level of development of small and medium-sized businesses).
Technological subsystem (social and production aspect) 1) the dependence of health of the most monoprofile municipality population on the conditions of occupational safety at a city-forming enterprise; 2) a city-forming enterprise determines the level of qualification of a large part of the population; 3) the dependence of a monoprofile municipality on a city-forming enterprise in terms of the environmental load; 4) the impact of the investment policy of a city-forming enterprise on the level of modernization of the manufacturing base in a monoprofile municipality.
Institutional subsystem (organizational and economic aspect) 1) the social responsibility of a city-forming enterprise is an essential element of effective labor market of a monoprofile municipality; 2) the lack of social partnership, as there is no association of employers; 3) the dependence of a monoprofile municipality budget revenues on the efficient operation and management of a city-forming enterprise.
3. Sustainable security of social and labor relations in the monoprofile municipality as the basis of social and economic well-being
The sustainable security of social and labor relations can be considered:
1. As the process of sustainable development with its components, i. e., the set of conditions and factors that contributes to the dynamic sustainable development.
2. As a result, as an indicator of sustainable development of social and labor relations of a monoprofile mu-
nicipality that is it can have different levels: high, medium, minimum.
Social and labor sphere in a monoprofile municipality, on the one hand, is the factor of sustainable security, ensuring the social stability, the labor potential formation, the factor of constant economic growth. On the other hand, the social and labor sphere is an object of sustainable security.
The structure for the provision of sustained security of social and labor relations of a monoprofile municipality is shown in Figure 1.
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Sustainable security of social and labor relations of a town-forming enterprise of a monoprofile municipality
Fig. 1. The provision of sustainable security of social and labor relations of a monoprofile municipality
Keys:
Technological subsystem (social and production aspect) Social subsystem (social and labor aspect)
Institutional subsystem (organizational and economic aspect) Security of a monoprofile municipality Sustainable development of a monoprofile municipality Sustainable security of a monoprofile municipality
The proposed categories can be summarized as follows.
The safety of labor relations of a monoprofile municipality — is the balance of interests of social and labor relations of a city-forming enterprise, which is the system-forming element of the labor market of a monoprofile municipality.
The sustainable development of social and labor relations of a monoprofile municipality — is the development of social and labor relations, focused on the preservation and development of human beings as the multifaceted creature for the functioning and development of a cityforming enterprise and a monoprofile municipality in the long perspective.
The sustainable security of social and labor relations of a monoprofile municipality — is the set of conditions and factors that contribute to the development of human beings as a multifaceted creature through security and sustainable development of the sphere of social and labor relations on the basis of social responsibility and social partnership.
To prevent the loss of a monoprofile area sustainable security it is important to know the threats that may arise in the field of social and labor relations when the crisis occurs, the deterioration of the financial and economic condition of the city-forming enterprise, the impact of the monopsony labor market (Table 2).
Table 2. The threats for the sustainable security in the sphere of social and labor relations
Subsystem The threats for sustainable security in the sphere of social and labor relations
Social subsystem 1. The threats associated with the monopsonic type of labor market (understatement of the level of wages, the inability to fully meet the basic human needs). 2. The threats of the population solvency (decrease of the population income, reduction of the level of charges for services, operating problems of small businesses due to lower demand for services, tax revenue reduction). 3. The threats of reduction of quality of life due to the unstable operation of the city-forming industry (availability reduction of social infrastructure services, deterioration of the social security system, etc.). 4. The threats associated with the disengagement or long vacations because of the decline in the production of goods and services of the city-forming enterprise: • the unemployment increase,. • the emergence of social tensions, adverse social and psychological environment, • the loss of qualification and professional activity skills,
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• the emergence of social and labor conflicts, • the decline in the quality of labor and scientific and industrial potential of society and its ability to develop
Technological subsystem 1. The threats of the labor force migration (the low level and quality of the proposals on the labor market of the monoprofile municipality, personnel instability, the reduction of the attractiveness and potential of the monoprofile areas). 2. The threats in the sphere of occupational safety and health: • poor labor conditions that cause occupational diseases, • poor quality of individual and collective protection, • the use of equipment that does not meet safety requirements, which may lead to the increase in occupational injuries, • the decline in the quality of labor through deskilling and the health loss of the workers, 3. The professional and qualification threats: • the inadequate professional qualification of workers, • the lack of demand for labor, possessing the necessary qualifications in the labor market of a monoprofile municipality, 4. The threats associated with increased environmental pressure on the population of a monoprofile municipality (the excess of the emission limits by the city-forming enterprise).
Institutional subsystem 1. The threats associated with the lack of social partnership development, as in the monoprofile municipality there are no associations of employers and the labor market has a great influence on the city-forming enterprise. 2. The threats associated with the low levels of social support and small business. 3. The threats associated with the low level of social responsibility of a city-forming enterprise and other economic entities of a monoprofile municipality, especially in the period of market volatility (the reduction of various social programs and the rejection of social objects). 4. The threats associated with the low financial stability, inefficient allocation of resources and management of the city-forming enterprise.
4. Method of determining of the sustainable security of social and labor relations monoprofile municipality
For the timely prevention of threats to the sustainable security of social and labor relations the monoprofile municipality requires an effective monitoring system, based on the methodologies for the assessment of sustainable security of social and labor relations of a city-forming enterprise of a monoprofile municipality proposed by the authors (hereinafter — methodology).
This technique allows to:
1. To carry out the rapid diagnosis of the sustainable security of social and labor relations on the basis of key performance indicators.
2. To identify the “pain” subsystems and elements of problem areas requiring priority attention.
3. To conduct a detailed analysis of the “pain” subsystems and elements of problem areas.
4. To monitor and forecast the sustainable security of social-labor relations of a city-forming enterprises and a monoprofile municipalities.
5. To carries out inspections of strategic documents of a monoprofile municipality for the purpose to reveal their compliance with the basic criteria of sustainable security of social and labor relations.
6. To assess the availability of internal resources to enhance the sustainable security of social and labor relations.
The Methodology is designed to track the degree of complementarity of the sphere of social and labor relations
of a city-forming enterprise and the sphere of social and labor relations of a monoprofile municipality. It is achieved by evaluation of performance indicators both at the level of a city-forming enterprise, and at the level of a monoprofile municipality.
The proposed methodology also permits to assess the level of sustainable security both in general and of each of the blocks separately (security, sustainable development and sustainable security). This is important since a favorable situation in one block, as compared with others, may distort the situation outlook. As for the troubled block, it is necessary to consider thoroughly all subsystems (social, technological and institutional). Only such «point» response will allow us to solve the emerging problems, to determine the need for verification of documents and specific directions of social and economic policy.
The Methodology consists of the following blocks:
1. Methodological block that contains information about the baseline information collection methods, forecasting, target calculation.
2. Analytical block, which includes the formation of the monoprofile municipality “portrait”, as well as groups of indicators with the help of which the sustainable security level is assessed. The methodology is based at the same time on the principle of universality and the principle of uniqueness. This is achieved through the following subsections:
1.1. The general analysis of the socio-economic condition of the monoprofile municipality (indicators of socio-econom-
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ic condition and indicators of sustainable development, as well as supplementary indicators that reflect the monoprofile municipality specifics).
1.2. The rapid diagnosis (key performance indicators, which determine by the overall level of sustainable security of social and labor relations).
1.3. A detailed analysis, which involves the detailed assessment of each individual direction.
3. Forecast block. It provides for the prediction abilities taking into account the particular monoprofile municipality specifics. It allows analyzing the consistency of the socio-economic development trends of a monoprofile municipality and strategic documents in the area.
4. Target analysis. Verification of strategic documents the monoprofile municipality with the purpose to reveal their compliance with the basic criteria of sustainable security of social and labor relations.
On the basis of the evaluation and calculation of the indicators the level of sustainable security is determined to develop the necessary management decisions:
1) High/normal level of sustainable security. It is characterized by the optimal values of all indicators evidencing the economy diversification of a monoprofile municipality, the reduction of its dependence on a city-forming enterprise. The adjustments for the strategic documents are not required.
The monoprofile municipality management is carried out according to the pre-established procedures and time-frames.
2) The condition with signs of instability. The significant deterioration in several important areas is observed. This stage is also characterized by negative development trends (dynamics) that threaten the sustainable development. The adjustments of some strategic documents are required.
3) The unstable condition. It is characterized by an overall significant deterioration of the indicators in the most subsystems of social and labor relations of a monoprofile municipality. It leads to the disruption of the interaction of the basic parameters of the system. With further negative developments there is a loss of its control. The review of all major strategic policy directions is required.
More detailed information on the methodology can be found in publications [18; 19-21].
5. Conclusion
Thus, the Methodology for the evaluation of sustainable security of social and labor relations the city-forming enterprise of a monoprofile municipality will make it possible not only to monitor their current condition, but also to solve the arising problems, identify ways to ensure sustainable security in the field ofsocial and labor relations, to relate the current operation results to the strategic documents and, if necessary, to make timely adjustments.
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