CC BY
91
UDC 631
SUBJECTS AND OBJECTS OF REGULATION OF SOCIO-LABOR RELATIONS IN THE CONDITIONS OF A MODERN ECONOMIC SYSTEM
Bazikov A.A., Professor Orel State Agrarian University, Orel City, Russia E-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
In the article, the position of the regulation of socio-labor relations, shows actual expediency of formation in the modern conditions of economic system of skilled labor. This need is equally a need for a greater part of the world community countries, including Russia. Natural for the labour market has also become migration in Russia, mainly in CIS countries. The national labour market is also not resolved migration processes and contradictory tendencies at the manifestations of socio-labor relations.
KEY WORDS
Socio-labour relations; Labour market; Labour force; Subjects; Objects; Authorities; Regulation of migration; Economic system.
Indicated in the subject of elements concerning the regulation of social-labour relations on the one hand, quite distinct, and with another - disclosure of their relationships allows a deeper understanding of the essential aspects examined relations. They are in Russia, different branches of economy, organizations, enterprises and companies, being under the influence of the modern economic system. Its essence is that it combines government regulation and market methods of management. We must say that all this takes place in many other countries of the world community. The effect of these two components of the economic system on the state of labor relations and their development trends rather ambiguously in each of these countries , including Russia.
State regulation and market management exercise their effect on the socio-labour relations by means of corresponding subjects and objects. In fact, they are identical in countries where manifests itself in one way or another economic system . First of all, we are talking about the subjects of social and labor relations. Such, in particular, are the state (federal ), regional and local governments , business entities: organizations, enterprises and firms. However, in each country , including Russia means, methods and forms of influence on the social and labor relations are distinguished clearly.
Despite existing differences impact on social and labour relations at the world labor market, competition increased for attraction in the economy of highly qualified personnel. This is confirmed by 35 % of employers are looking for such professionals throughout the world . [5] Such data received recruiting company Hays. One reason for the increased demand for highly qualified personnel - the organization of various industries of developed countries in developing countries.In parallel, the obvious has been the expansion of the consumer market and the need for highly qualified managers sales increasing quantities of goods.
There is another trend in Russia Growth of demand for highly qualified staff is caused by necessity of transition of the economy from its dependence on natural resources to its modernist and innovative development. In this regard, it is noted in the message of President Vladimir Putin will need to create 25 million jobs for qualified professionals. They must have not only the required level of knowledge, but also the most capable and efficient to apply them in practice. This is the demand of world trends in the base, which is not only strengthening the foundations of the 6th technological structure, but also the creation of preconditions for the formation of the 7th technological order.
From the point of view of social and labor relations for the economy of Russia - this is not a side issue. In a world of growing competition on the world market and not to be in the
country on the sidelines of the developed countries of the world community, the formation of skilled labour has become an objective necessity. Its implementation should be directly and actively involve all stakeholders, creating favorable conditions for adequate and modern demands of the economy and social and labor relations. First of all it concerns each of the economic entities, because they directly exercise their activities in a competitive environment.Should not stay aside the regional, local and, of course, Federal authorities. They are largely dependent on the creation of favorable business laws and legal business environment. Ultimately, this should lead to a real change in causing the formation of a progressive, in all respects, a layer of highly qualified personnel.
In the economy of Russia, as elsewhere in the world is not enough demand professions (positions) on the part of employers. Below is a list of them, taking into account the priority being requested:
1. Skilled trade workers
2. Engineers
3. Sales representatives
4. Technical staff
5. Accountants and other financial personnel
6. Managers, supervisors
7. IT-specialists
8. Drivers
9. Secretaries
10. Labourers [3].
Social and labor relations in the modern economic system are of particular importance in connection with the migration policy pursued both in our country and abroad. The subject is directly responsible for carrying out these policies are appropriate migration services. In Russia - it's Federal Migration Service (FMS RF). In our country, labor migration is now - it is a fait accompli. According to experts in this field workers account for about 10 % of the labor market. They are involved in the production of the country's GDP in the amount of approximately 8-10 %. In their own, as well as third countries the migrants for the year 2012 according to the Central Bank were transferred $ 21 billion. In fact, according to experts, this amounts to about 60 billion dollars. [6 ].
For business entities, primarily the business structures, acting as the main subjects of implementing the practice of socio-labour relations connected with the work of migrants are economically feasible. Legal document, which is regarded as an object of regulation of labor relations between employers and workers is a contract or agreement to perform any work. Migrants in Russia are used mainly as unskilled labor. [4]
Migrants from the former Soviet republics of Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, workers are considered quite beneficial for those employers that hire them. Migrants can be used to work for a longer time compared to the 8- hour working day, and all day Saturday and Sunday, in the second and third shifts. Employers rarely ever care about making them for proper housing and household living conditions. All this, of course, shows the inadequacy of the positive nature of social and labor relations.
Especially these relations are violated for illegal migrants, which is, according to the available data are in the country is not less than the legally registered. For these migrants subjects of social and labor relations are organizations related to the structure of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The objects of the regulation of these relations are, respectively, the legal and regulatory documents issued by the named subject of Russia. Experience considered social and labor relations prevailing not only in our country but also a number of other states in the world is unlikely to change soon.
In addition to addressing migration in our country, it is obvious and for the movement of the domestic labor force. This is quite significant in size - up to 90% of the labor market. It is governed largely by federal entities such as the Ministry of Labour and Social Security, the Federal Migration Service of Russia, its regional actors as well as public employment services that operate in almost all 83 regions of the country. Participation, especially in conflict situations and may be the case with the subjects of the legislative, legal and judicial
structures carrying out protection work in a particular execution of a work by the individual directly.
Migration is an integral part of social and labor relations;Russia’s economy is characterized by a movement from one region to another, and sometimes within any of the regions. Her motive is usually a desire to have a higher payment for their work and the best of its condition.
It may be irretrievable,seasonal, and occasional commuting. [2] Irrevocable migration testifies not only to change their place of work, but also a residence. Seasonal migration of workers inherent in moving to a temporary place of employment, for example, in agriculture, construction, forestry, etc. Commuting involves work related to daily, weekly, and monthly visits of people from their place of residence. Characteristic of episodic migration is irregular in time and destination of travel professionals (travel, business travel, etc.).
Migratory labor mobility depends on the following factors, economic, social, climatic, demographic, ecological, ethnic and political. They all have a place in the labor market, and the impact on him, as is detached, and in relation to each other.
A more detailed examination of these determinants of migration in relation to the Russian reality will certainly be noted some inherent characteristics. They are characteristic of the labor market in general. In particular, for a long time not a theory, not practice, did not admit the fact that the labor force in this country is a commodity. Although a million of our fellow citizens still engage and enter into a relationship of employment and they are not paid labor, but paid the ability to work, that is manpower. On this relationship,still, leave traces of administrative -command methods of management.
Another feature of the socio -labor relations is their imbalance. This is manifested in the fact that in the 90 years of the twentieth - century. A significant part of the workforce, many of the federal subjects were unemployed, that is, these regions have become a labor surplus. There has been a large extent due to the imbalance of supply and demand on the country's enterprises produced products. Contributed to this dominance of imported goods, the poor quality of domestic and other factors. However, when a large excess of the labor force in some regions of the country, at the same time, in the far north there is still a lack of it, especially skilled labor.
The existence of the problems associated with the feature of labor relations forces conducting certain activities of a regulatory nature. Their usefulness due to the fact that the labor market - a component of the market economy. And the need to regulate it is conclusively proven reality. In Russia, the regulation of social and labor relations are, as mentioned above at three levels: national, regional, and at the level of organizations, enterprises and firms. Each of these levels is significant in its own way has a certain scale and direction of action.
Regulation of the State in consideration of social and labor relations requires, above all, the expansion of employment and job growth. The state spends considerable resources on training and retraining of the workforce. It's about the many educational and training institutions, which are spread across the country. State is a participant in the events that contribute to the manpower and unemployment insurance. To implement these areas of regulation by the legislature adopted a number of laws, including the "Labour Code" [1] created by the exchange of labor and employment assistance service, subject to registration of the unemployed. These actions by the state in some way contribute to the regulation of social and labor relations, which is formed as a market economy in our country.
One of the objectives of social and labor relations at the regional level - the implementation of the state policy of employment. In addition, with the increasing importance of the federal subjects in solving the problems of regions, they are given the increasing role in the regulation of processes associated with the use of the labor force. This is particularly noticeable in those regions that are exceptionally priority of an industry management, we mean, for example, coal and oil producing industry. Closure of coal mines, due to their mostly unprofitable work hard raises the problem of employment of free labor force. Solves it, as the experience of not only the state, but also the respective regions. For these purposes, in particular, are not only a means of financing public, but also regional.
At the level of organizations, enterprises and firms, too, there is a regulation of the labor market. That's not uncommon for the transition of employees in state institutions and organizations in the commercial structure. They are generally higher wages, although at a greater responsibility for their work. Such entities assisting in the training and retraining of workers and specialists. Allocated for this purpose their funds. They are clearly not enough, but such a practice takes place. One of the problems pointed to by economists - training of specialists of different professions of public schools and the use of them commercial enterprises organizations or firms. In addressing this problem feasible, apparently, is part of the latter.
In the regulation of social and labor relations, a role played by the trade unions. Defending, for example, the interests of employees in payment of their labor unions thus ensure the stability of the respective businesses. This interest is not only them, but also each of the effective functioning of organizations, enterprises and firms. The requirement to increase wages - is also one of the functions of trade unions. In this regard, there are two points: first, there is an increase in costs and the price at which the output produced will be sold and,secondly, wage growth is possible, as a rule, in some sectors, organizations, enterprises and firms. This leads to not always rational movement of labor from one industry to another. Therefore, the requirement on the part of trade unions regarding wage increases should be consistent with the growth of labor productivity in the industry.
Trade union participation in the regulation of the labor market in Russia is muchdifferentiated. In the country, for example, there are a number of sectoral trade unions, which are organized enough to carry out their shares in favor of the workers. It is about union of coal enterprises, educational and health facilities, air traffic control and other requirements of these unions, most of all, economic. They aim to improve working conditions and living standards of their members. The action of the trade unions in this direction helps to stabilize the operation of the personal factor of production. Besides, there are many industries and businesses in which unions virtually inactive or operate largely formal. This is often one of the causes of high labor turnover on such organizations, enterprises and firms.
Raised in this article related to the regulation of social and labor relations issues and problems, only partly reflect their multi-faceted side. After all, the social and labor relations in the scale of the national and regional economy, and at the level of individual businesses. In order to have a more complete picture seems appropriate to detail and thoroughly investigate and analyze each of the constituent elements of social and labor relations.
REFERENCES
1. Labor Code. [Text] \ . - M., 2006, 166 p.
2. Bazikov, A.A, Bazikova, V.L. Economic theory in the micro, macro and global economy. [Text] \ A.A. Bazikov , V.L. Bazikova. - M.: Finance and Statistics. - 2010, 244 p.
3. Greenberg, R. and etc. Experience is everything. [Text ]\ R. Greenberg . / / Spark . - 2013 .- № 42. - P. 7.
4. Gurdin , K. England says 'no' to immigrants from Poland and the Baltic states. [Text] / K. Gurdin / / Arguments week. - 2013 . - № 42, pp. 2,7
5. Zhurenkov, K. Melnikov , S. Work for employees. [Text ] \ K. Zhurenkov ,S. Melnikov // Spark . - 2013 .- № 42. - p.6
6. Larin , J. Worker and the cleaning lady . [Text ] \ J.Larin / / Spark . - 2013 . - № 41, p. 15.
