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STUDYING THE RELATIONS OF RUSSIAN STUDENTS TO THE PROBLEMS OF PATRIOTISM
Abstract
The article analyzes the results of the study of the attitude of students - future teachers to the problem of patriotism and patriotic education. A rather high rank position of patriotism value in the value system of Russian students has been revealed. It is shown that the majority of students consider themselves patriots of their country. According to students, it is necessary to continue to improve the activities of educational organizations in the field of patriotic education of the younger generation.
Keywords
monitoring, patriotism, attitude, students, patriotic education, youth
AUTHOR
Svetlana V. Pazukhina
Doctor of Psychology, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Psychology and Pedagogy Tula State Lev Tolstoy Pedagogical University, Tula, Russia. 125, Lenin Avenue, Tula, 300026, Russia E-mail: pazuhina@mail.ru
Zinaida N. Kalinina
Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Director of the Department of Educational Work and Social Policy Tula State Lev Tolstoy Pedagogical University, Tula, Russia. 125, Lenin Avenue, Tula, 300026, Russia
1. Introduction
In modern social conditions, there is an interest in the development of problems of education in the context of the significant changes that have occurred and continue to occur in Russian society. The reflection of these changes is due to the emergence of fundamentally new approaches to understanding the essence, content, characteristics, directions, methods and other important aspects of the modern education of various
categories of Russian citizens, especially young people. One of the urgent problems is patriotic education, which is currently viewed not only on a theoretical level, but also as a real socio-pedagogical phenomenon.
The historical experience of the formation and development of our Fatherland indicates that the most important means of building a civil society, strengthening the unity and integrity of a multinational Russian Federation is the patriotic education of citizens.
The studies state that at the beginning of the 1990s in our country in the field of education there was a crisis of patriotic education associated with the conflict of values of liberalism and state traditions of patriotism in Russia. In the youth environment for several decades, destructive processes prevailed over creative activity, over positive changes.
In the second half of the 1990s, overcoming crisis phenomena gradually began in the sphere of patriotic education. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, a revival of civil and patriotic education in the new socio-economic conditions took place in the Russian Federation.
Currently, the patriotic education of young people is the primary task of modern society and is an important component of the social order. It is intended to form the patriotic consciousness of Russian citizens as the most important value, one of the foundations of the spiritual and moral unity of society (Shaydenko, Kalinina, Pazukhina, 2011).
There are three main components in the structure of patriotic values (Tsvetkova, 2014):
1) values aimed at maintaining social order in society. Basically, these values are manifested in the readiness to defend their homeland in the presence of an external threat, in self-sacrifice in the name of the Motherland, in readiness to serve in the army, in knowledge of state and national symbols (coat of arms, anthem, flag) respect for them, in experiencing a sense of pride in their country;
2) values that form the spiritual component of patriotism. These values, as a rule, are "responsible" for the observance of traditions, for respect for the native language, ability to speak and write competently, faith in the future of the country and experiencing a sense of pride for achievements in science, culture, sports;
3) values that encourage the manifestation of positive social activity. These values contribute to the formation of social solidarity, cohesion in society, expressed in the support of government policy, in the love of the "small Motherland", in helping veterans, pensioners, in respect for nature, in an effort to learn and work as best as possible.
2. Materials and Methods
In order to monitor the problems of patriotic education in modern Russia, we have developed a questionnaire on the topic "Patriotism in the value system of Russian youth."
The questionnaire contained 10 questions of closed and open-closed types with a choice of one answer or multiple choice.
3. Results
We will analyze the results of the study.
100 students took part in the survey, of which 58% were female, 28% male, 14% did not indicate their gender. These were mostly first-year students (68%). Among the
respondents were also students of the 2nd course - 9%, 4 courses - 8%, 5 courses - 1%. 14% of respondents did not fill in this column.
The distribution of students who took part in the questionnaires by faculty was as follows: faculty of physical culture - 13%, technology and business - 13%, natural science faculty - 15%, mathematics, physics and computer science - 8%, foreign languages - 8%, psychology - 9%, arts, social and humanities - 7%, Russian philology and document management - 8%, history and law - 5%. 14% information about yourself is not filled.
The first question of the questionnaire "What is patriotism, in your opinion?", Which was of a closed nature, and allowed the students to make multiple choices (no more than three answers) the following way: most of them chose the answer "love of motherland" (87 %), the next in the frequency of elections was the answer "respect for one's Motherland, pride in one's country" (63%). The remaining answers received the following number of choices: knowing their history and following traditions - 39%, love for one's native city, village, house - 31%, love for national culture - 27%, love for people - 18%, striving for social justice - 18%, love for all mankind, humanism - 18%, desire for a safe global world - 11%, love for one's family, relatives - 9%, glorification of Motherland's victories - 7%.
To the second closed question, "Do you consider yourself a patriot of your country?" 76% answered in the affirmative, 4% - negatively, 18% wrote that they are not sure. In two forms there were no answers to this question.
The third question is "What is true patriotism?" was open-closed and suggested multiple choice, but no more than three positions. Respondents answered this way: the answer option "in conversations and conversations with acquaintances on patriotic topics" was chosen by 3%, the option "in voting for patriotic parties in elections" - 6%, "in opposing forces trying to undermine Russia from the inside" - 24% , "in participation in the activities of patriotic organizations" - 21%, "in celebrating historical events and anniversaries" - 28%, "in constructive criticism of shortcomings in the country" - 19%, "in working with full energy for the good of the Motherland" - 45 %, "in love for their small Motherland and real actions for its improvement" - 47%, "in the Criminal Code eplenii family and upbringing of children in the spirit of patriotism "- 20%," ready to defend their country with arms in their hands "- 25%," faith in the future of Russia "- 38%. Nobody offered their own answer. Thus, the most popular answer was "in love for one's small Motherland and real actions for its improvement", which was chosen by 47%.
Distribution of students' answers to the fourth question "Do you know the flag, the coat of arms and anthem of the Russian Federation?" It was as follows: in the "flag" position: yes - 99%, rather yes - 1%, nobody chose the answers "most likely no" and "no"; "emblem" position: yes - 96%, more likely yes - 4%, nobody chose the answers "most likely no" and "no"; in the anthem position: yes - 85%, more likely yes - 14%, no - 1%, nobody chose the answer "most likely no".
The fifth question was: 'What is a source of pride for you as a citizen of Russia?" Respondents could give several answers to it. The first option "victory in the Great Patriotic War" was chosen by 60% of respondents, the second "history of the country" - -60%, the third "cultural heritage" - 61%, the fourth "belonging to their nationality" - 18%, the fifth "natural resources of the country" - 32%, the sixth "position of Russia in the world community" - 19%. The answer "there is nothing to be proud of" was chosen by no one. Own version of the answer was offered by 6% of students (2% of them pointed out the beauty of nature, 1% pointed to the uniqueness of nature of Vologda and the Far East, added the option "people" - 2%, suggested the option "everything" - 1%).
In the sixth question, the respondents had to assess how developed the 11 values listed in the list are among modern youth. According to the instructions, they were to circle the number in the corresponding column, where grade 5 corresponded to the
maximum level of development, 1 - the minimum level. The value of "freedom" the highest number of elections (39%) received on a scale of 4 points. The value of "truth" the highest number of elections (45%) received on a scale of 3 points. The value of "good" the highest number of elections (39%) received on a scale of 3 points. The "beauty" value received the largest number of elections (40%) on a scale of 4 points. The value of "justice" the largest number of elections (41%) received on a scale of 3 points. The value of "mercy" the highest number of elections (31%) received on a scale of 4 points. The value of "partnership and friendship" the largest number of elections (35%) received on a scale of 4 points. The value of "collectivism" received the largest number of elections (42%) on a scale of 3 points. The value of "patriotism" received the largest number of elections (34%) on a scale of 3 points. The value of "conscience" the highest number of elections (33%) received on a scale of 3 points. The "honor and dignity" value received the largest number of elections (29%) on a scale of 5 points (table 1 ).
TABLE 1 - DISTRIBUTION OF STUDENTS' ANSWERS TO THE QUESTION "HOW WELL ARE THE VALUES LISTED BELOW DEVELOPED IN MODERN YOUTH?"
Values Degree of development, in points Average
1 2 3 4 5
Number of stuc ents, %
1. Freedom 2 9 24 39 26 3,78
2. Truth 2 14 45 24 15 3,36
3. Welcome 3 26 39 22 10 3,1
4. Beauty 3 8 30 40 19 3,64
5. Justice 9 15 41 22 13 3,15
6. Mercy 8 23 28 31 10 3,12
7. Partnership and friendship 2 9 20 35 34 3,9
8. Collectivism 2 11 42 23 22 3,52
9. Patriotism 8 12 34 29 17 3,35
10. Conscience 7 28 33 21 11 3,07
11. Honor and dignity 9 13 23 26 29 3,53
Thus, the value of "patriotism", in the opinion of the students who participated in the survey, is developed among modern young people, but not to the maximum extent, but at an average level.
The seventh question ("Which of the listed qualities are inherent to you?") Suggested an assessment of the personal qualities inherent in the students themselves. Evaluation was made on the same system of scale assessments, as in the previous question. Personal quality "dedication" received the largest number of elections (38%) on a scale of 4. Personal quality "civil courage" received the largest number of elections (38%) also on a scale of 4. Personal quality "social activity" received the largest number of elections (38%) on a scale of 4. Personal quality "patriotism" received the largest number of elections (31%) on a scale of 5. Personal quality "respect for the rights and freedoms of others" received the largest number of elections (52%) on a scale of 5. Personal quality "willingness to stand for others These "received the largest number of elections (45%) on a scale of 4. Personal qualities" civil conscience, decency, honor "received the largest number of elections (42%) on a scale of 4. Personal quality" collectivism "received the largest number of elections (45%) on scale 4. Personal quality "tolerance" received the largest number of elections (43%) on a scale of 5.
Thus, the majority of respondents consider in themselves sufficiently developed (at a high level) such personal quality as patriotism.
The eighth question was: "Which patriotic events, in your opinion, are most interesting to today's youth?". When answering this question, it was possible to select several positions from the proposed options, but no more than three. The most popular were the answers "the organization of military-sports games, quests of patriotic orientation" and "volunteer work with veterans / meetings with veterans of the Great Patriotic War, local wars." These options were chosen by 45% of respondents. Next in terms of the number of elections, the answers were arranged as follows: visiting museums of military glory / memorial complexes / exhibitions (38%), attending mass events of a patriotic orientation (festivals, historical reconstructions, and others) (37%), participating in search teams / activities of the military historical clubs (27%), participation in contests dedicated to the history of the native land, its great countrymen (19%), studying the history of their family (18%), participating in hiking trips to places of military glory (21%), participating in circles patri otical orientation of associations / centers (17%), study of songs, literature of a patriotic orientation (17%), development and implementation of individual projects of a patriotic orientation (12%), participation in discussions, round tables conferences on the problems of patriotism (12%), development of sites patriotic orientation (8%).
When analyzing the answers to this question, it turned out that the patriotic sites currently being developed, which the organizers place high hopes in terms of the patriotic education of young people, have not yet enjoyed due popularity among students and, according to their estimates, have low efficiency in working with modern by youth.
Distribution of answers to the ninth question "Would you like to be born and live not in Russia?" was as follows: "yes" answered 15% of respondents, "no" - 44%, found it difficult to answer - 40%.
Comparison of the answers to the ninth and second questions shows that among students who consider themselves patriots of their country, there is a rather large proportion of people who would like to be born and live not in Russia.
The tenth question "What, in your opinion, must first be done to revive patriotism in our society?", Involving the choice of several answers, revealed the students' opinion on the ways to improve patriotic education. The first place in terms of the number of answers received was taken by the answer "to improve the activities of educational organizations in the field of patriotic education" (55%). Further, the distribution of answers was as follows: to achieve a radical change in attitudes towards patriotism and patriotic education in the media (41%), to assist patriotic associations, clubs, other organizations of a patriotic orientation (40%), to fundamentally change attitudes towards the problem of patriotism and patriotic education from the leadership of the state, the ruling political elite (37%), to intensify work on the ground, in the regions (27%), to strengthen the patriotic work with students Russian forces, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the border troops (26%) provide more opportunities for the Russian Orthodox Church to influence the religious and patriotic society (9%). Own version of the answer to this question was offered by 2% of respondents.
4. Discussions
The problem of studying the relationship of student youth to patriotism and patriotic education has been engaged in such researchers as Vezhevich, 2011; Tsiulina, 2012; Vorobyeva, Yablochko, 2016; Vyrschikov, Kusmartsev, 2006; Ivanova, 2004; Musina, 2013; Snopko, 2007; Tashbaev, Tovarischeva, 2016, and others. However, in their works, the aspect we analyzed did not become the subject of in-depth consideration and analysis.
5. Conclusion
Thus, based on our analysis of the results of the student survey, it can be concluded that the value of patriotism in the system of values of modern youth (above average) is quite high rating. However, the revealed contradictions between the assessments of students of various aspects of patriotic education and the direction of their real actions indicate the need to continue and intensify the work of all institutions of education on patriotic issues, preserving traditions, improving the existing arsenal of methods and taking into account the views of young people on the forms of patriotic education most interesting for modern young people.
6. Recommendations
The materials of the article are of value to teachers of universities, social teachers, educational psychologists, deputy deans for educational work, curators of student groups.
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