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UDC 101
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MODERN DAGESTAN STUDENT YOUTH VALUE ORIENTATIONS
M. Mustafayeva, F. Mustafayev, M. Mustafayev
Dagestan state pedagogical university Makhachkala, Dagestan Republic, Russian Federation science-almanac@mail.ru
It has been carried out a comparative socially-philosophical analysis of value orientations of the modern Dagestan youth, its relation to national and international problems in the region. Sociological material quiz and analysis of Dagestan students opinion is indicated there: DSU, DSPU, DSMA, DSTU and DSAA. Distribution of answers according to universities gives differentiating picture of students value orientations. Thus, for instance, during sociocultural and ethnonational values research of various socially-ethnical cultures modern studentship, the answers to the question "What do you follow in your behavior?" shown that traditions and customs of elders, ancestors act as the basic behavior regulator for 52,1 % of Dagestan students. Also the opinions of "relatives and friends", surrounding people significantly influence on Dagestan students. Many students act in a certain manner by force of "habit" (17%), and "calculation" (12%) stands behind their actions. A lot of people follow "exiting national traditions" in their behavior (64, 6%). Behavior formation on "calculation" is accepted to consider as pragmatic tendencies manifestation in a person moral orientations, which in their turn, act as the result of socially-political instability of modern society, changes in the sphere of labor and personal relations, reflect disbelief to the authority and surrounding people. Birthplace and nationality of a person, settled factor can also significantly influence on his value system formation. According to the results of the research, natives of the Dagestan village are in their behavior more inclined to follow "surrounding people opinion" (35%), "existing national traditions" (35%). Urban students -"opinion of relatives and friends" (27%), "habit" (13%), "law" (10%), "intelligence" (60%). Determination of a person moral quality in the ethnonational environment is considered to be the important moment under the value orientations analysis of the Dagestan student youth.
It turned out that the students of the Dagestan universities more over appreciate in people such qualities as honesty (68,7%), kindness (40,6%), industry (28,7%), modesty (28,1%) and self-esteem (25,7%). But patriotism and internationalism are more highly appreciated by the Dagestan students (60,9%), than other personal qualities. The idea about Dagestan students estimation peculiarities of some or other features, person qualities, beginning from patriotism, gives us their further analysis depending on gender, speciality, university, nationality, place of birth and a year of study. If speak about patriotism and internationalism separately in the respondents estimations according to the indicated parameters, then men (youth) (63%) highly estimate the given quality, than women (girls) (38%). The students of technical specialities (45%) estimate patriotic orientations and qualities of a person higher, than humanitarian (25%) and naturalist students (20%). Among DSPU there are about (32%) of such students, while in DSMA there are (22%), but in DSAA the given quality remained without estimation. 28% of Russian students consider patriotism and internationalism to be valuable qualities of a person. Patriotism is rather more valuable for the village natives (45%). Industry, working efficiency, patriotism and internationalism are rather more valuable qualities for men (33%), technical specialties students (35%), DSTU students (43%), equally for the students of Kumyk, Lezgin and Lak nationalities (35%), those who live in urban area (40%). Self-esteem is more estimated by women (girls) (29%), technical specialties students (31%), DSTU students (46%), respondents of Lak nationality (39%) and urban natives (34%).
Key words: value, youth value orientations, person moral qualities, sociocultural, ethnonational and in-terethnic social values.
Philosophical learning about values and their nature is called axiology. But before formation this theory went through historical way of development. In antique and medieval philosophy values were identified with existence, and axiological characteristics were included in its notion. Beginning from Socrates and Plato, the basic questions of the value theory were: "What is welfare?", "What is justice?". They are also were the main criteria of the genuine existence. Various points of view about absolute and relative charter of values existed in antique philosophy. According to the Plato opinion, the highest values have an absolute character, but according to sophists, all values are individual and relative. The basic thesis followed from this: "A person is a measure of all things".
Every historical epoch (and accordingly various philosophical systems) offered its understanding of things. In middle ages they are connected with divine essence, acquire a religious character. In the Renaissance humanism values moved to the forefront. In the New time science development and social relations alteration to a large extent defined the basic approach to objects and phenomena consideration as values. I. Kant first used values in a social meaning. He considers axiology prerequisite as a division of existing and proper, reality and ideal. Values - requirements, directed to will; goals, standing in front of a person; significancy of these or that factors for a person. G.Hegel distinguished values to economic, which act as goods and are characterized from the side of their "quantitative certainty".
The given rather short philosophical excursus to the values theory allows us to note that in the most general view values are determined by the researchers as the most significant life goals and means for their achievement. They, as a rule, form some system, capable to integrate and stabilize society, and in the case of such systems plurality - disintegrate. Behavior regulation is realized by the values system not directly, but reflects on strategic trajectory of social individuals and societies. That is why study of axiological systems allows predicting behavior tendencies of population significant groups and catching alterations in the basic culture properties. In this case the modern Dagestan multinational studentship as the most progressive part of youth served as the object of the given problem consideration. The sociology researches materials, conducted at the philosophy and cultu-rology department of Dagstateuniversity among the students of various universities of the republic are used in the article.
Thus, for instance, during sociocultural and ethnonational modern studentship values research, the answer to the question "What do you follow in your behavior?" showed that for 52, 1 % of Dagestan students the basic behavior regulator is traditions and customs of senior and relatives. Also opinions of "relatives and friends", surrounding people influence on Dagestan students. As the results of our researches testify, a lot of students from Dagestan universities act in a certain manner by force of "habit" (17%), and behind the behavior of separate students stands "calculation" (12%). They follow "existent national traditions" in their behavior (64, 6%). Forming the behavior on "calculation" can be considered as evidence of pragmatic tendencies emersion in moral person orientations, which in their turn, act as the result of socially-political instability of the modern society, alterations in the sphere of labor and personal relations, disbelief to authority and surrounding people.
According to the results of researches, conducted in collaboration with Kh.A. Ibragi-mov, criterion "intelligence", which students follow in their behavior, stands at the first
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place in the values hierarchy. Factor (or criterion) "punishment fear" stands at the last place. As it was mentioned above, the factor "opinion of relatives, friends" for the students of Dagestan universities according to the behavior regulation significance stands at the second place. Answering to the question: "What do you follow in your behavior?", the students of Dagestan universities gave the third place to the criterion "existing traditions", in the scale of behavior regulating factors significance, it attracts attention as the factor (criterion) of behavior regulation, "law". Though, the number of the respondents, pointed to the given criterion, comprises accordingly 7% among the students of the Republic of Dagestan universities.
In these researches one attempts to observe the behavior dependence of various-national student community from different criteria in the section of its relativity to the concrete university of Dagestan. Thus, according to the results of this research, in the five universities from 25% to 78% of students follow the "intelligence" in their behavior. Among the respondents of DSMA there are 66%, DSTU - 57%, DSPU - 48 %. These indice for the all universities of the republic are considered to be dominant and correspond to the first place among the rest criteria of the students behavior regulation in general (for the whole selective massif) order scale (in order of significance decreasing).
Answers distribution of sample multitude in the universities gives slightly differentiating picture of students value orientations, to analysis of which one can come from various points of view. Particularly, to build for every university the scale of factors (criteria) in decreasing order or increasing of their significance in behavior direction; according to what value orientations one can find similarity (difference) among the groups of Dagestan students. It is worth mentioning that analysis of students behavior regulations criteria (factors), realized in order of their predetermination in the questionary, gives possibility to identify comparative domination of this or that youth orientation in the system of their values, which cannot be left without community attention during realization of training and educational work.
Birthplace and nationality of a person, and settled factor also can systematically influence on its value system formation. According to the results of research, natives from Dagestan village are more inclined to follow "the surrounding people opinion" (35%), and "existent national traditions" in their behavior (35%). The urban students - "opinion of relatives and friends" (27%), "habit" (13%), "law" (10%), "intelligence" (60%).
The analysis of our research results in section of nationality also represents a certain scientific and practical interest. Alongside with that, as student groups, got into the recall, are not equalized according to the number and nationality, that is why so called "national intelligence" is appeared to be considered not only at the level of research analysis results, but at the level of empirical observations according to the given problem. Thus, under the medium indice (7,5%) according to the selective massif following in their behavior "surrounding people opinion", according to the students nationality (in significance descending order) among Laks - 13%, Dargins - 11%, Lezgins - 10%, Avars - 6%, Kumyks - 5 %. Russians, studying in Dagestan universities, 6% of students pointed that they follow "surrounding people opinion" in their behavior.
Determination of preferred person moral qualities in the ethnonational environment is considered to be the important moment under the value orientations analysis of Dagestan
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different-national student youth. In the researches, conducted in Dagestan among the university students, the following qualities, peculiar for people of their nationality were offered for estimation: 1. Patriotism. 2. Industry. 3. Honesty. 4. Ambition. 5. Kindness. 6. Mercy. 7. Modesty. 8. Integrity. 9. Self-esteem. The pointed variants were offered in the questionary for the answer to the question. "What enumerated features, qualities do you appreciate in people of your nationality?" The students of Dagestan universities most of all appreciate honesty in people (68, 7%). Such qualities as kindness (40,6%), industry (28,7%), modesty (28, 1%) and self-esteem (25,7%) are appeared to be ideal for the students of Dagestan universities.
But patriotism and internationalism Dagestan students appreciate more (60,9%), than other personal qualities. The representation about estimation peculiarities of these or that features by Dagestan students, beginning from patriotism, gives one their following analysis depending on gender, specialty, university, nationality, birthplace and study year of the respondents. If separately speak about patriotism and internationalism in the estimations of the respondents according to indicated parameters, then men (youth) estimate this quality higher, than women (girls) (38%). The students of technical specialties (45) appreciate this quality higher, than humanitarian (25) and naturalist students (20%). Among the students of DSPU there are (32%), while in DSMA (22%), and in DSAA the given quality was left without estimation. 28% of Russian nationality students consider patriotism and internationalism to be valuable person qualities. Patriotism is rather more valuable for the village natives (45%).
The conducted analysis according to the given scheme of person short estimation analysis shows that industry, working efficiency, patriotism and internationalism are rather more valuable qualities for men (33%), students of technical specialties (35%), students of DSTU (43%), equally for the students of Kumyk, Lezgin and Lak nationalities (35%), those who live in urban area (40%). Self-esteem is more highly estimated by women (girls), by the students of technical specialties (31%), in DSTU (46%), respondents of Lak nationality (39%) and urban natives (34%).
In conclusion it is worth mentioning that such value, as all-Dagestan and all-Russian "patriotism" takes rather important position in the Dagestan student environment. Patriotism (from Greek. Patris - motherland) - moral and political principle, social feeling the content of which is considered to be love to motherland, pride for the past and present, readiness to subject their interests to the country interests, aspiration to protect interests of the motherland. The historical source of patriotism - for centuries confirmed existence of separate governments, formed attachment to the native land, language, traditions. Some patriotism reduction, concerning the modern youth, the given notion obtained in virtue of those negative processes, through which Russia has to come, contributes to break to its nationally-cultural traditions and absence of immersiveness feeling with destiny of its people and, eventually, threatens stability and integrity of Russian government. Under the modern conditions of integration and globalization patriotism is aimed to social progress, and helps to preserve peculiarities of people national culture. The words of N.G. Cherny-shevski are significant: "Those, who belong to their motherland, are not belonged to humanity". A person is able to and should take a certain conceptually- moral position, became a real patriot, when love to motherland becomes his realized internal aspiration.
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About 10 years already the government-sponsored scheme "Patriotic upbringing of Russian Federation citizens" acts (accepted on 11th of July 2005). Its basic aim is advance of patriotic upbringing system, providing Russia development as a free, democratic multinational government, formation of high all-Russian patriotic consciousness of citizens.
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