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14SJIF 2023 = 6.131 / ASI Factor = 1.7
3(6), June, 2023
STUDYING NONVERBAL MEANS OF COMMUNICATION
Kamola Aripova Yusupovna
International Islamic Academy of Uzbekistan A senior teacher of the Department of Foreign languages
Tel: 90 981-46-15 e-mail: kamolakind@mail .ru
ABSTRACT
This article investigates types of interaction among people, notion of non-verbal communication, types of non-verbal communication means, classifies aspects of nonverbal means of communication. The author identifies the distinctive feature between physiological movement and non-verbal communication means (gesture). More over the author studies the functions of non-verbal means of communication basing on the scientific works of former scholars. Additionally researcher distinguishes methods of interaction between verbal and non-verbal behavior. Similar and different features of verbal and non-verbal means of communication are compared by author relying on reasonable sources.
Key words: verbal message, non-linguistic phenomena, non-verbal communication tools, non-verbal and verbal means, non-sound non-verbal and sound non-verbal
Ушбу мацолада одамлар уртасидаги узаро муносабатлар турлари, новербал алоца тушунчаси, новербал алоца воситалари турлари куриб чицилади, новербал алоца воситалари аспектлари таснифланади. Муаллиф физиологик уаракат ва новербал алоца воситалари (имо-ишора) уртасидаги фарц цилувчи хусусиятни аницлайди. Муаллиф купроц новербал алоца воситаларининг функцияларини аввалги олимларнинг илмий ишлари асосида урганади. Бундан ташцари, тадцицотчи оззаки ва новербал хатти-уаракатларнинг узаро таъсир цилиш усулларини ажратиб туради. Оззаки ва новербал алоца воситаларининг ухшаш ва турли хил хусусиятлари муаллиф илмий манбаларга таяниб таццослайди.
Калит сузлар: оззаки хабар, тилга оид булмаган уодисалар, новербал алоца воситалари, новербал ва вербал воситалар, овозли булмаган ва овозли новербал
В данной статье исследуются виды взаимодействия между людьми, понятие невербального общения, виды невербальных средств общения, классифицируются аспекты невербальных средств общения. Автор выделяет
АННОТАЦИЯ
АННОТАЦИЯ
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отличительную черту между вербальными и невербальными средствами коммуникации (жестом). Более того, автор изучает функции невербальных средств общения на основе научных трудов бывших ученых. Дополнительно исследователь выделяет методы взаимодействия вербального и невербального поведения. Сходные и разные особенности вербальных и невербальных средств общения сравниваются автором, опираясь на разумные источники.
Ключевые слова: вербальное сообщение, нелингвистические феномены, невербальные средства общения, невербальные и вербальные средства, незвуковые невербальные и звуковые невербальные
INTRODUCTION
Relentless interaction between people in society occurs through communication. Language is always inseparable from a person, and the latter cannot be represented by all of his subjective judgments and subjective perceptions [5;129-132]. The structure of communication is characterized by highlighting in it three interrelated parties: communicative, interactive and perceptual. The communicative side of communication or communication in the narrow sense of the word consists in the exchange of information between communicating individuals. The interactive side of communication is the organization of interaction between communicating individuals, that is, not only in the exchange of knowledge and skills, but also in actions. The perceptual side of communication is considered as a process of perception of each other by communication partners and establishment of mutual understanding on this basis.
Speech communication is a chain of components in which the birth, transmission and reception of a verbal message is only a link in the overall process as a whole. Along with the acoustic channel, the visual channel also plays a large role in transmitting messages. The use of language tools alone cannot be called strictly mandatory. A person receives part of the information during communication using non-verbal means, which are consistent with verbal means due to the unified biological organization of a person.
In its most general form, the body of non-verbal communication tools can be defined as all non-linguistic phenomena and behaviors in an interactive context. Nonverbal means cover all phenomena, actions and forms of expression that are not part of the language (in the sense of the words and language expressions used), that is, all sound and speech phenomena, pauses, non-speech sound expressions, all physical, facial, sign forms of expression. The concept of non-verbal communication covers non-sound non-verbal and sound non-verbal phenomena [4; 153].
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Aspects of non-verbal communication are studied in the following scientific areas:
1) kinesiku (the science of gestures, gesture movements, facial expressions, gait, poses).
2) proxemics (the science of the space of communication), which includes the distance between communicants for various types of communication.
3) haptics (the science of touch language and tactile communication);
4) paralinguistics (the science of sound codes additional to speech, which are included in the process of speech communication and which can transmit certain information in this process);
5) extralinguistics (the science of non-speech inclusions in speech);
6) oculusics (the science of the language of the eyes and the visual behavior of people during communication), which often performs a contact-regulatory function;
7) olfaction (the science of the language of smells and their role in communication);
8) gastric (the science of the iconic and communicative functions of food and drinks, meals and refreshments);
9) chronemics (the science of the time of communication, of its structural, semiotic and cultural functions);
10) ascultation (the science of the auditory perception of sounds and their semiotic functions, as well as the audible behavior of people in the process of communicative interaction);
11) power and action components of communication. Silential acts (silence) were studied in detail by a number of linguists. The action components are the actions of the communicants that accompany speech. For example, in response to the request of the addressee something to do, the addressee can perform the required action (for example, turn off the light). Non-verbal actions can alternate with verbal actions in the process of communication. However, the nature of such non-verbal actions is purely practical.
In some cases, it is difficult to determine whether a non-verbal unit is a gesture or physiological movement. The main criterion for separating gestures from physiological movements is the sign character of the gesture. A gesture, like any sign, has a signifier and a signified, and the connection between them is in most cases conventional. Therefore, movements and not gestures are, for example, rotation of the head from side to side when itching. Gestures serve to express meaning, and, for example, sneezing does not have a semantic function. Another difference is the ability of gestures to change meaning in geographic and cultural space and in time.
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For example, today only a few phraseological expressions remind of gestures of the past, cf .: throw the glove, allow yourself to take a bow, fall on your knees, beat your knees, fall to your feet, etc.
Many scholars have dealt with the problem of teaching non-verbal communication tools, emphasizing the enormous dependence of this problem on the adequate perception of statements containing non-verbal communication tools in practical communication with native speakers.
A brief review of the works devoted to the study of non-verbal means of communication demonstrates the great interest of linguistic scientists in this problem. This is due to the role played by non-verbal means of communication in the language system as a whole, and in the communicative act in particular. However, the need for this study is due to the emergence of new approaches to solving the problems of language manifestation of non-verbal means of communication within the framework of dialogical discourse, which allow us to discover new principles for displaying gestures in language and speech. One of these is the frame approach, since the means of verbalization of gestures are lexical units belonging to the same "topic" and, therefore, have close mental representations, therefore they represent a certain body of knowledge about the ways of verbalizing gestures, and this knowledge they exist not as chaotic piles of information, but in the form of a logically organized structure. Such a structure is a gesture frame, the description of which makes it possible to identify the mechanism of the linguistic representation of non-verbal means of communication in a dialectical discourse.
Procedure: The functional interaction of non-verbal and verbal means, in particular, the fact that non-verbal means modify and explicate the utterance and ensure the successful course of direct communication, has been noted by many scientists.
However, researchers differently assess the functional status of nonverbal means in speech communication.
A word can find its final essence only in the context of physical reality - gesture, facial expressions, body movement - any verbal action [1; 31-38] - The participation of gestures in a communicative act can not always be qualified as secondary and auxiliary, since in the real situation of oral speech communication, the reaction to a certain statement can be non-verbal, for example, a contemptuous look, an ironic smile, a joyful laugh, an enthusiastic exclamation. In such cases, non-speech means are indicators of the success of speech interaction. They are non-speech equivalents of some kind of speech actions and, possibly, more emotional and economical [7; 182].
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The communicative situation as a part of objective reality is the unity and correlation of speech and non-speech elements. The material concreteness of the communicative situation allows and assumes a combination of verbal and non-verbal means. Despite the fact that almost any non-verbal component can be manifested in linguistic form, consideration of sequences of speech moves and speech interactions of events, as well as speech events, in general, would be incomplete and inadequate without taking into account non-speech moves and non-speech interactions.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Non-verbal components of communication are an integral part of human communication, since the correct interpretation of any speech utterance is impossible without taking into account non-verbal means, which sometimes do not just supplement verbal acts, but perform the main function of implementing the communicative intention [2; 87-92.]. The human communication system is a multifaceted holistic process, including verbal and non-verbal channels, which in different communication situations interact in different ways, but are always closely connected with each other [8; 13-20].
Verbal and non-verbal components in a specific situation of communication appear in unity, forming the basis of a communicative act. Speech and non-verbal behavior, verbal (actually speech, its features) and non-verbal forms of speech behavior (gesture, facial expressions, intonation, posture, body movement, etc.) expressing the emotional and psychological state motivated by the conditions and circumstances of a single activity act having certain motives and goals.
Non-verbal behavior is a way to read how the client is currently feeling. Nonverbal messages often differ from verbal ones, and by coincidence and discrepancies between them one can guess what is happening at the moment of communication.
The following methods of interaction between verbal and non-verbal behavior are distinguished:
- repetition: non-verbal communication duplicates what has been transmitted verbally;
- counter-dictation: non-verbal behavior contradicts verbal;
- substitution: non-verbal behavior replaces the verbal means of transmitting a message;
- addition: non-verbal behavior develops verbal communication;
- emphasis: non-verbal behavior emphasizes the general parts of the verbal message;
- regulation: non-verbal behavior is used to regulate the communicative flow between interacting individuals [6; 63].
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Non-verbal means reduce the verbal text, replacing the word and including in the dialogue those or other additional meanings. Acting as an independent replica or being included in a statement consisting of verbal and non-verbal elements, the gesture reveals the richest resources, both purely informative and expressive [3; 464481.].
Most often, hand gestures accompanying the remark are used to achieve uniqueness, confirming the meaning of the spoken.
Sometimes hand gestures perform the function of a replica, that is, they are used autonomously. Facial expressions and gestures sometimes play the role of a cue in the dialogue, replacing verbal expression. Often mimic and gesture replicas give an answer.
Earlier than speech; one of the interlocutors only wants to object, is about to speak, and the other, taking into account his facial expressions and the urge to speak, is content with these remarks.
There are some similarities between the verbal and non-verbal way of communication. Among the common features are the following:
1. Units of verbal and non-verbal communication are used to convey meanings and are used in a specific context.
2. The meaning of the units of verbal and non-verbal communication changes in space, in time, and also under the influence of changing socio-economic and cultural conditions.
3. The units of verbal and non-verbal communication are individual, as there is a choice of kine, and national in nature.
VERBAL COMMUNICATION NONVERBIAL COMMUNICATION
1. Abstract: - message transmission can take place in the absence of a communicator; - It is possible to discuss phenomena that are not directly related to this situation; - the opportunity to discuss abstract concepts such as gender, time, species, number, essence, difference, color, kindness, etc. 1. Concreteness: - message transmission can take place only in the presence of a communicator; - communication with the immediate situation of communication; - Discussion of abstract concepts is difficult.
2. The lack of similarity between the designation (word) and the designated (phenomenon). 2. The similarity between the designation and the signified.
3. Discreteness. The constituent elements of verbal communication - letters, words, sentences, 3. Continuity. Non-verbal messages are difficult to decompose into individual units.
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phrases - are clearly separated from each other, their ratio is subject to certain rules.
4. Certainty, invariance. The verbal message is easily encoded and decoded. There is some agreement between native speakers of the language regarding the form, meaning, and use of language units. 4. Probability, variability. Non-verbal communication is difficult to decode. Nonverbal language is much more unstable and variable, which is manifested both in the units themselves and in the rules for combining them.
5. Linear time sequence. 5. Spatial-temporal integrity.
6. Awareness, arbitrariness. Verbal statements are largely conscious, they are easier to analyze, evaluate, understand, control. 6. Unconsciousness, involuntaryness. Nonverbal behavior is spontaneous. A low degree of awareness of non-verbal behavior does not mean that it does not lend itself at all to conscious control. The degree to which nonverbal communication lends itself to conscious control depends on the system with which it is implemented. For example, P. Ekman and W. Friesen developed the concept of "non-verbal leakage of information." They ranked different parts of the body according to their ability to transmit information. They identified this ability based on three parameters: - average time of information transfer; - the number of non-verbal patterns that can be represented by a given part of the body; - the degree of accessibility for observing this part of the body. The most powerful transmitter of information according to their classification is the face of a person. The movements of the legs and feet take the last place on the "information leakage" scale, since they are not very mobile, have a limited number of movements and are often hidden from the observer. Therefore, people often control facial expressions and do not pay attention to the movements of their legs, due to which there is a "leak of information."
7. Organized language learning process. Children are taught to speak specifically, 7. Spontaneous study. People, as a rule, successfully learn non-
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families and society devote quite a lot of time and effort to this. verbal language themselves, by means of observation, imitation.
8. Relatively fast assimilation. 8. Relatively slow assimilation. People's assimilation of a new body language is much slower than mastering a new verbal language. For example, a group of German scientists found that immigrants from Turkey quickly and successfully master a new German language than the equally new German sign language.
CONCLUSION
Thus, non-verbal means of communication, their language manifestation and verbal speech are closely interconnected in the process of communication. Nonverbal acts have extensive expressive potential in the context, their use is not always spontaneous. Non-verbal means can act as custodians of "collapsed information", the development of which is carried out in a specific communication situation.
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