CC BY
4
УДК 08.00.05
Nazarova M.A. assistant Tillayeva M. master's student 1st year Khojimatov R.S. associate professor department of "Design and Technology of Light Industry Products " Namangan Institute of Engineering and Technology
STUDY OF LIGHT INDUSTRY PRODUCTION ON THE BASIS OF
ANALYSIS OF THE VOLUME OF USE OF LOCAL RAW
MATERIALS
Annotation: This article analyzes the amount of animal wool available in the Fergana Valley in order to increase the use of local raw materials and examines the process of its application in the production of textiles and garments.
Key words: Coarse wool, semi-coarse wool, raw material, sherstopon, hybrid, fine wool, processing, urchuk, felt, nano-felting, angora.
Wool, one of the natural fibers in a market economy, is one of the main raw materials in the textile industry. According to today's statistics, "the following crops are grown for the 2017-2018 season in Australia, China, the United States, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, India, Turkey, Iran, North Korea and other countries. and is a leader in imports. "
To further increase the demand for natural raw materials, increase the competitiveness of wool fiber, install new technologies and equipment for the production of modern and technologically reliable and high-quality products, modernize existing ones, achieve high efficiency in the field of primary processing of wool worldwide. Particular attention is paid to the improvement of existing cleaning machines and the creation of resource-saving technologies [1].
A large amount of cotton is grown in the country. Technological processes for the sale or processing of raw materials and the supply of quality and affordable products to the population are at the forefront. Livestock products also play an important role in the development of our economy. In this regard, the processing of meat and dairy products, as well as animal skins has been established. However, the results of the study show that the process of processing and use of animal hair in the country is carried out mainly in Karakul, Bukhara, Samarkand, Kashkadarya, Tashkent regions. from outerwear to carpets, socks, blankets, shoe parts, hats. In order to increase the use of existing local hybrid animal hair in the country, researchers of the Department of Technology and Technology of Light Industry are conducting research. In the first experiments, the number of animals in the country and the amount of wool fiber obtained from them were studied. In
particular, the following figure shows the number of available animals in Namangan region by district (Figure 1).
Namangan viloyati
■ Namanagan shahar
■ Mingbuloq tumani
■ Kososnsoy tumani
■ Namangan tumani
■ Norin tumani
■ Pop tumani To'raqo'rg'on tumani
■ Uychi tumani
■ Uchqo'rg'on tumani
■ Chortoq tumani
Figure 1 Quantity of wool production in the districts of Namangan region.
According to Figure 1, 147,268 pieces of wool fiber were produced in Namangan, 118,213 pieces in Shust district, 113,849 pieces in Pop district, 66,052 pieces in Yangikurgan district and in Turakurgan district. There are 56,411 sheep and goats in Kosonsoy district, 54,530 sheep, 48,184 sheep in Chartak, 36,511 sheep in Uchkurgan, 36,291 sheep in Naryn, 35,781 sheep in Uychi district, 28,844 sheep in Namangan district and 18,151 sheep in Mingbulak. [2].
If 1.8 kg of wool fiber is obtained from one sheep and goat, 13.68 tons of wool fiber is obtained in Namangan region. If the wool is cut twice a year, an average of 27.36 tons of wool is produced. Analysis of these data shows that the production of textile products increases by 1-2 times as a result of sorting, sorting and processing of wool fibers. It can be used in the production of natural fashion garments from wool products. There are 815,000 in the Fergana Valley, ie in Andijan, 718,000 in the Fergana region, and 760,125 in the Namangan region [2] (Figure 2).
850000 800000 750000 700000 650000
Figure 2. Number of sheep and goats in the Fergana Valley.
In the territory of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, the main role is played by coarse wool and meat-and-fat Hisori and Jaidari sheep breeds. Gissari sheep are mainly grazed in mountainous and foothill areas (Surkhandarya, Kashkadarya and Jizzakh regions). Almost half of the total number of sheep raised on household farms are wild sheep. These breeds are widespread in the Republic of Karakalpakstan, Bukhara and Navoi regions. Aloy and Tajik sheep breeds, which produce semi-coarse wool, are well adapted to mountain and foothill pastures, mainly in the Fergana and Tashkent regions [3]. The wool cover of sheep consists of homogeneous tivit fibers with an average diameter of 18-25 microns, and the
815000
Namangan Andijon Farg'ona
wool cover of coarse wool sheep consists of mixed coarse fibers with a diameter of 100-200 microns. The wool fiber length of fine-wool sheep is longer than 6-10 cm, 10-20 cm in semi-fine-wool sheep and 10-15 cm in coarse-wool sheep. times, coarse-wool sheep are sheared 2 times in spring and autumn. The weight of rams is 60-180 kg, the weight of ewes is 35-110 kg, and the slaughter rate is 45-60%. Sheep are grazed on pasture (10-11 months), pasture-hand, hand-pasture and hand, taking into account the natural and local conditions, as well as the specific biological characteristics of sheep breeds. Taking into account the average annual yield of 5-6 kg of wool from fine-wool sheep, 3-6 kg from semi-fine-wool sheep and 1-4 kg from coarse-wool sheep, increase the number of livestock in Namangan region alone. An average of 3.5x760085 = 2 660 298 kg of natural wool is obtained per year. As a result, these fibers can be processed into textiles and light industry products.
The thickness of the wool fiber depends on the climatic conditions, the wool fibers of the valleys of the valley, popularly known as Kazakh, are coarse. The processing of coarse wool is not fully developed in our country. Today, Woolen Textile in Tashkent washes and cleans local sheep's wool. 60% of wool fiber and 40% of neutron fiber are added to the processed wool, which is spun in a mixed way to make textile yarns. In order to increase the production of coarse wool, which is destroyed as waste, in our research work in the Fergana Valley, especially in the districts of Namangan region, a detailed analysis of the amount of local wool raw materials and research on their application in production. went. The Kosonsoy-Tokimachi LLC, which operates in the Kosonsoy district of Namangan region, processes local wool fibers, spinning 60% wool fibers and 40% neutron fibers. The company uses wool dyes of different colors in the production of blankets and socks for the military (Figure 3).
Figure 3. Assortment of fabrics
The world experience in the textile industry shows that there are no unnecessary raw materials. The advantage is that it can undoubtedly be used in any field. Especially natural sheep's wool. First of all, this raw material is a natural material with unique properties. There is nothing like it. It retains heat well, does not conduct electricity, does not contaminate dirt and dust, and stays clean for a long time. Naturally, the question arises as to what products can be made from coarse wool, which is grown in large quantities and destroyed as waste. Significantly, it can be used as a heating layer in many items of daily life, household appliances, such as carpets, felt, shoes, belts, as well as in sewing and furniture (Figure 4).
Figure 4. Wool fiber non-woven heating layers
Tepakurgan village of Namangan district has been engaged in home-based work for many years. The population mainly processes goat wool and makes scarves, hats and gloves. The processing is done at home, first the wool is cleaned by hand from various weeds and washed with liquid soap. Grinding and spinning of dried wool is performed on simple hand-held equipment (Figures 4-5).
a) 1-Jun cleaning; 2 washes; 3- Drying process
a) the process of weaving the 7th handkerchief; 8 finished products
At present, the post-washed mass of the raw material is 60-65% for semi-coarse and coarse wool. As a result of primary processing of 20 tons of unwashed wool, 13 tons of washed wool can be obtained. As you can see, there is less waste. The price of this semi-finished product is also high. The experience of the whole world can be summed up by reading the ads and product assortments in this area. With the above in mind, the introduction of new systematic production in the Valley regions will eliminate the waste of important raw materials and provide the domestic and foreign markets with competitive and competitive products. In addition, the launch of new plants and enterprises will create hundreds of jobs and economic growth.
Sources used:
1. Patent N2356 Method of cleaning wool from foreign impurities. Khojimatov R.S. and others.
2. Statistical Committee of Fergana Valley Regions as of December 2019
3. Ministry of Higher and Secondary Special Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan m. Z. Murtozayev, A. A. Kushakov, T. A. Alibayev Basics of animal husbandry and poultry 07.08.2013
