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Ruzmetov Dilshod Ruzimboevich, candidate, of geographical sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences Urgench State University E-mail: ruzmetovd_77@mail.ru Babadjanova Umida Raimberganovna, teacher, at the faculty of Natural Sciences Urgench State University E-mail: babadjanovaumida@mail.ru
Gulimmatov Ikrom Baxtiyarovich, teacher, at the faculty of Natural Sciences Urgench State University E-mail: gulimmatov@yandex.ru
PLACEMENT AND SPECIALIZATION OF LIGHT INDUSTRY IN UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: The article provides an overview of the territorial structure and specialization of the light industry and recommendations for its optimization.
Keywords: light industry, regional embodiment, regional specialization.
The light industry of Uzbekistan is one of the first and relatively narrow industries in the country, with a considerable distinction between its development and territorial structure. The branch provides the industry of the republic with 14-15% product and 3,5-4% of the gross domestic product (GDP) [3].
Cotton processing industry is a leading and internationally recognized network of light industry. In the branch there are 99 enterprises with a capacity of over 4 million tons of cotton in the composition of Uzpakhtasanoat state joint-stock company (SJC). The number and power of enterprises in the sector is directly related to the volumes of cotton production in the regions of the Republic (Figure 1).
Cotton is sown on average, 40-45% of the irrigated crop areas in the regions of the country. Kashkadarya and Bukhara provinces are characterized by the size of cultivated areas and therefore they have a high cotton production and processing capacity. Growth of cotton and in accordance with it the degree of the use of cotton-ginning capacities in the provinces vary slightly [1].
In the Republic of Uzbekistan, light industry goods such as cocoon, wool and leather are produced in all provinces. Particularly 2/3 part of the wool and leather are produced in Kashkadarya, Samarkand, Navoi, Jizzakh and Bukhara provinces (desert and mountain sheep pastures is developed there, Sur-khandarya is also included into the above territories) the production ofcocoons is characterized by Fergana, Andijan, Namangan, Bukhara, Samarkand and Kashkadarya provinces (2/3 part).
The geography of processing of industrial raw materials is slightly different. The textile industry is the second largest chain of light industry (Figure 1). If the cotton-processing in-
dustry has a full processing of currently produced cotton raw materials and excellent regional repository, it is difficult to say such a thing about the textile industry (Figure 1)..
In the last 20-25 years, the level of cotton fiber processing in the republic has been rising year by year (from 9 to 53%), the production of ready cotton fabric decreased by 3 times, and the production of yarn skein increased. However, with the development of territorial structure of the branch, almost all regions have started to produce yarn, cotton fabric and knitwear products [4].
Production ofyarn is embodied in the country's traditional textile centers as Fergana, Andijan, Tashkent (1/3 part) and cotton fabric production in Fergana, Namangan and Bukhara (3/4) provinces.
The territorial composition of silk and fabric production is naturally different from the yarn industry. Previously, in the country, there were 7 cocoon factories [2]. Currently, they are expanding their range of silk yarn and fiber in all Jizzakh, Kashkadarya and Navoi provinces. Among traditional centers of silk fabric production (Fergana, Namangan, Samarkand) only Namangan produce large quantities (more than 1/2 part). In recent years, the production of these products has been launched in Navoi and Syrdarya (1/2 of each) provinces. Silk fabrics (made from artificial silk staple fibers) are sharply reduced while the volume of silkworm and silk yarn production was increasing.
Production of knitwear, socks, shoes and leather products has been developing in the Republic in recent years. Excluding footwear and leather products, the volume of the rest production increased over the indicators of the 90s in
PLACEMENT AND SPECIALIZATION OF LIGHT INDUSTRY IN UZBEKISTAN
the last century. However, as the population in the country comparable period, it is clear that there are great opportuni-has increased by more than 1.5 times compared with the ties for development.
Figurel. Territorial Structure of the Republic's Light Industry (2016, by percent) [5]
While Uzbekistan has been exporting various light indus- The area of cotton fabric is relatively high in Fergana
try products to the world market, it is currently focusing on (3.99), Andijan (1.61), Bukhara (1.01), Tashkent province the production ofsemi-finished products such as cotton fiber, (1.58) and City (1.51). Raw fibers specialize in Fergana silk yarn and cotton fabric. (4.69), Namangan (3.22) in Bukhara (2.58) and Tashkent
(1.51) with average level (Table 1).
Table 1. - Regional specialization of production of some light industrial products in the Republic* [5]
cotton wool cocoon leather cotton yarn cotton fabric silk yarn silk fabric knitwear stockings-socks
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Republic of Karakalpakstan 0.90 0.43 0.42 0.53 0.41 0.00 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.00
Andijan 1.16 0.75 1.62 0.69 1.61 0.34 0.07 0.00 1.43 3.19
Bukhara 1.43 1.31 1.53 1.29 1.01 2.58 1.13 0.00 0.06 0.18
Jizzakh 0.86 1.42 0.31 1.35 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.22 0.11
Kashkadarya 1.84 2.61 1.52 1.66 0.46 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.18 0.00
Navoi 0.47 1.35 0.49 1.38 0.74 0.10 0.00 2.79 0.03 0.28
Namangan 0.77 0.60 1.39 0.55 0.63 3.22 0.94 7.89 1.32 1.08
Samarkand 0.95 1.68 1.39 1.55 0.22 0.45 3.14 0.00 0.80 3.29
Surkhandarya 0.62 0.83 0.77 1.44 0.38 0.03 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.01
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Syrdarya 0.84 0.25 0.30 0.32 0.28 0.00 4.15 2.94 0.53 0.62
Tashkent 0.88 0.86 0.81 1.04 1.58 0.15 0.13 0.00 3.52 0.15
Fergana 1.00 0.47 1.34 0.74 3.99 4.69 0.81 0.39 0.59 1.23
Khorezm 1.25 0.45 1.08 0.44 0.64 0.78 3.35 0.00 0.21 0.07
Tashkent city 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.55 1.51 0.00 0.00 5.14 3.82
Republic of Uzbekistan 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
* specialization coefficient with respect to per head
Syrdarya (4.15), Khorezm (3.35), Samarkand (3.14), Bukhara (1.13) provinces are specialized on silk yarn production. At the present time, in the Republic, 1.5-2 mln. sq.m. silk fabrics are being prepared. The highest per capita production of silk fabrics is in Namangan (7.89), the high in Syrdarya (2.94) and Navoi (2.79) provinces (Table 1). There are produced mainly national fabrics in the branch and industry products are more focused on domestic consumption and are promoted through the global tourism market mainly through the tourism industry.
As noted, knitting industry is rapidly developing and its territorial structure is improving. Territorial specialization in the republic in 2016 has the highest values in the city of Tashkent (5.14) and Tashkent province (3.52), Andijan (1.43) and Namangan (1.32) provinces (Table 1). The branch is available in all regions of the country. Only in the Republic of Karakalpakstan and Surkhandarya province the branch enterprises have been inactive in recent years.
The textile industry has not yet so developed the production of hemp and other fibrous materials, wool textile. Our country is the third largest producer of wool in Central Asia and the fourth in the CIS after Russia, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. In recent years, these branches of industries, particularly the non-wire materials industry, have slowly been recovering their previous production capacities [4].
For the reason that in the country sheep breeding mainly focuses on karakul sheep, about 98% of the produced wool is coarse wool and can more be used in carpet weaving. How-
ever, carpets in the country currently are being produced of about 100 percent of chemical fibers and yarns. There are large differences in the placement of raw materials in the area. For example, wool fabric production is embodied in Fergana, Namangan and Navoi provinces and carpet weaving in Khorezm, Samarkand and Bukhara provinces [4].
Footwear and leather goods have also grown rapidly in recent years. At present, there are more than 300 enterprises in the field of leather shoes and leather processing [4]. The sector's capacities are of average regional level and specialization in Tashkent city (3.82), Samarkand (3.29) and Andijan (3.19) provinces, Namangan (1.08) and Fergana (1.23) provinces. The branch capacities were established almost in all regions at present (Table 1).
It is evident from the above that the territorial structure of the country is improving, excluding some sectors of the light industry. It should be carried out to continue this practice like the following. In this issue it is expedient to embody the powers of the branch's enterprises along the Lower Amu Darya and Zarafshan economic regions as the main transport artery, in Fergana Valley, in the development "axis" development Pap and Namangan-Uchkurgan-Kurgantepa-Andijan-Fergana-Kokand, in Tashkent economic region around the triangle Chinaz-Yangiyul-Pskent-Chinaz, in Mirzachul in the direction ofJizzakh-Gagarin and Bayavut-Bakht, in the southern economic area Kasan-Yangi-Nishan, Ghuzar-Sakhrisabz and Sherobod-Termez-Denov transport routes
References:
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3. Soliev A. S. Geography of Uzbekistan.- T.: Universitet,- 2015.- 403 p.
4. Ruzmetov D., Bobojonova U. Industry of the light industry of the Republic, inter-sectoral complexes // Geography and Globalization: Theory and Practice, International Scientific-Practical Conference).- Andijan.- 2016.- P. 355-359.
5. Data from the Statistics Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
