Structural, grammatical and linguocultural aspects of the meteorolexeme "halun" in the Mongolian languages Текст научной статьи по специальности «Языкознание и литературоведение»

Litera

Reference:

Barinova B.V., Mushaev V.N. Structural, grammatical and linguocultural aspects of the meteorolexeme "halun" in the Mongolian languages // Litera. 2024. № 3. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.3.70070 EDN: IFRMCU URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=70070

Structural, grammatical and linguocultural aspects of the meteorolexeme "halun" in the Mongolian languages

Barinova Bairta Valer'evna

ORCID: 0000-0003-4158-3786

Senior Lecturer; Department of Kalmyk Language, Mongolian and Altaic Studies; Kalmyk State University

named after B.B. Gorodovkov

358000, Russia, Republic of Kalmykia, Elista, AC. Pushkin str., 7

E3 bbarinova@yandex.ru

Mushaev Vladimir Naranovich

ORCID: 0000-0001-8321-7667 Doctor of Philology

Professor, Head of the Department of Kalmyk Language, Mongolian and Altaic Studies, Kalmyk State

University named after B.B. Gorodoukov

7 AS. Pushkin str., Elista, Republic of Kalmykia, 358000, Russia

El mushaev_vn@iTiail.m

Article was published in rubric "Linguistics"

DOI:

10.25136/2409-8698.2024.3.70070

EDN:

IFRMCU

Received:

07-03-2024

Abstract: The article analyzes the meteorological vocabulary in the Mongolian languages, which characterizes hot weather. The linguistic means of expressing hot weather in the worldview of the Mongolian peoples can be represented as integral and consistent natural phenomena that are systematically used by traditional speakers in direct, figurative, comparative, evaluative and metaphorical meanings. The object of the study is nominative

units (words, phrases, phraseological units) in Mongolian languages that characterize hot weather. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the compatibility of the "halun" meteorological system. The bearers of a nomadic civilization are directly dependent on the natural and climatic features that determined the state of nomadic management, orientation and location of a person in nature and society. The relations of nature, man and the animal world, reflected in the ethnic consciousness of native speakers, had their own systemically categorical forms of expression in linguistic pictures of the world. For the Mongolian peoples, in addition to universal verbal forms of expression of these relations, the whole variety of linguistic and cultural approaches was used to express figuratively comparative and evaluative aesthetic means of language. This article uses a descriptive method, a comparative method, a method of linguistic and cultural analysis of lexical units. In the linguistic picture of the world of a traditional native speaker, the halun lexeme "heat, depending on the temperature regime, can denote different degrees of heat manifestation: from ordinary heat to incredible, exhausting heat, affecting the physical condition of a person. As examples, the author uses Mongolian lexicographic sources, texts of artistic and folklore works, in which lexemes denoting hot weather were analyzed from meteorological vocabulary. Meteorological vocabulary characterizing hot weather is considered in the article from the point of view of their composition, semantics, morphological-syntactic and lexico-semantic method of education. The peculiarity of artistic and folklore texts makes it possible to consider a specific lexeme in its various combinations, which makes it possible to fully reveal the features of the semantic structure of the word. In this aspect, meteorological names characterizing hot weather in the Kalmyk language are considered and systematized for the first time.

Keywords:

meteorological vocabulary, hot weather, The heat, heat, Mongolian languages, the Kalmyk language, Linguoculturology, semantics, phraseological units, the linguistic picture of the world

References

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Peer Review

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The topic of the work / subject area of the study has a definite point character. The author turns to the analysis of fixation of weather and thermal components in the language: "in the article we consider words and phrases in Mongolian languages that characterize hot weather. Russian Russian Dictionary", "Kalmyk Dictionary" by G. I. Ramstedt, "Kalmyk-Russian Dictionary" by A. Pozdneev, Dictionary of the Oirat language of Xinjiang by B.H. Todaeva, Etymological Dictionary of Mongolian languages, "Mongolian-English Dictionary"by Lessing..." were used in the selection of language material. Thus, the verified installation gives grounds to make a serious study, to outline the gradient of manifestation in the language of "lexemes characterizing hot weather from moderate to high degree of heat manifestation." The research methodology correlates with a number of modern developments; the author points out that "the works of Yu.V. Normanskaya, E.R. Tenishev, M.M. Kondratenko are devoted to meteorological vocabulary. Some components of meteorological vocabulary in the Kalmyk language were considered by G.C. Pyurbeyev, E.P. Bakaeva, E.C. Bardaev. Individual meteorological names in the Kalmyk language were considered in comparative coverage by Ts.D. Nominkhanov, V. And Rassadin ...". I think that the topic of the work is relevant, and the material itself has proper scientific significance. It is noted that "climatic and weather phenomena occupy a special place in man's perception of the world, and affect his life and behavior in the world around him. A person fixes his knowledge of atmospheric phenomena in meteorological names - special lexical units that serve to denote meteorological phenomena." Illustrative component / examples and analyses are made objectively, informatively: "Summer in the Republic of

Kalmykia can be very hot, which is reflected in the vocabulary of the Kalmyk language. To denote hot weather in the Kalmyk language, words and phrases with the halun lexeme function. The Halun lexeme in the Kalmyk language is used as a part of speech noun, and as an adjective. The adjective halun "hot, sultry; hot" is used with nouns such as odr, zun, narn, salkn, tsag. The nominal phrases halun odr "hot day", halun zun "hot summer", halun narn "hot sun", halun salkn "hot wind", halun cag "hot time" characterize the weather with a low degree of heat characteristic of the summer period." Thus, the necessary projection of the practical order is maintained. The style of work correlates with the actual scientific type, the terms are used in the unification mode. The structure of the text is verified, the introductory part correlates with the main part, the main part with the final one. The work is sufficiently informative: "this lexeme in combination with the noun halun "heat, heat" forms the phraseological units Ha? halun "heat, heat", Ha? ik halun "incredible stuffiness, heat, heat". For example, zug en odrmudt han halun bolad, edn koedlmshan nevchk zogsah zovta bolv "these days it was incredibly hot, and they had to suspend their work" (NKKYA, Halmg unn, 2006-08-17). The onset of extreme heat brings its own difficulties for cattle breeders. On such hot days, the gadfly maturation period begins, the cows become restless and, raising their tails, run away from the gadfly. For example, zunar, han khalund, malyg turgn Khaz? zovakhla, tedn shoedrldad, suulan orgchkad guuldtshadmn "in summer, in the hot heat, when a gadfly bites cattle, they raise their tails, run from a gadfly", or "Kalmyks use this phraseology noha ha?nm halun, noha ha?nm halun in summer a hot day when in pits, puddles formed rainwater comes to a boil. In this heat, it is impossible to walk without a hat, to walk barefoot, because the ground is so hot that it burns your heels. Cows with their tails up, running from the gadfly, sheep hiding in each other's shadows, panting, standing in a bunch. In such an incredible heat, the mirage in the steppe flickers indistinctly. By lunchtime, the air becomes like steam from a boiling cauldron. But it was in such incredible heat, scorching heat, that the Kalmyks went hunting wolves. It was the most favorable time for hunting wolves, when they always returned with prey, as the incredible heat exhausted the animals..." etc. I think that the author manages to correctly figure out the steps of the analytical order, to characterize the use of the "halun meteorological lexeme" in the Mongolian languages in a motivated way. I note that some editing is needed at the level of technical presentation: for example, "characterizing", etc. The author needs to proofread the text, eliminate these shortcomings. The work is attracted by the installation of an expansive understanding of the lexeme "halun": for example, "the names of certain diseases are formed with the lexeme halun. For example, halun gem "typhoid fever", halun korth "rash". Namag beachknd, 1918-gch ?il mana ork-bul nems halun gemar gemtad unla, mana oor baas uls manas tserled, hanzhn mana hahrha har gerig gemt ulstahin haichkad nuhad Yov? odtskala "when I was little, in 1918 our whole family fell ill with typhoid fever and fell ill, our the neighbors, fearing to get infected, left We moved our poor caravan with all the sick people alone." (NKKYA, Erendzhenov K., book 2, 1979). En kuchr baedlas kolta, 1944-chilin ekltsar halmgud khalun gemas olar khorad baetskhev "because of these events, in early 1944 many Kalmyks died of typhoid fever" (NKKYA, Ilyumzhinov N., 1900-2011)." The results of the text are legitimate; the main requirements of the publication are taken into account; the purpose of the study has been achieved, the tasks have been solved. I recommend the article "Structural, grammatical and linguocultural aspects of the meteorolexeme "halun" in Mongolian languages" for publication in the journal "Litera".