CC BY
41
Step-by-step mechanical treatment of the dried grapes and its physical interpretation
For ecological objects and the agricultural sector only, the losses caused by water shortages amount to 219.8 million USD in low-water years, 164.3 million USD during average water availability years and 144.8 million USD in high-water years. For mitigating unfavorable ecological conditions and the socio-economic situation in the lower reaches of Amudarya, it is necessary to make decisions at a regional level.
The main conclusions: • Development of a long-term concerted policy for Central Asian countries on water supply to the Priaralie
region, on the principle of existing international counterparts.
Increasing the role authority of BWO "Amudarya" by transferring all water withdrawal objects, large water works and reservoirs to the balance sheet of this organization so it can ensure a guaranteed water supply to Priaralie region.
Further increase in agricultural production in the Aral Sea basin should be achieved by increasing the efficiency of irrigated hectare, rather than land reclamation.
References:
1. Dukhovny V. A., Joop De Shutter. « South Priaralie - new perspectives», «Science for the world» Project. - Tashkent, 2003.
Rakhmatov Orifzhon, Gulistan State University, Republic of Uzbekistan, PhD of technical sciences, Assoc. Professor, chair Technology processing of agricultural production E-mail: ax_stajyor@mail.ru
Step-by-step mechanical treatment of the dried grapes and its physical interpretation
Abstract: The gradual processing of dried grapes in the drum-typed grapes stemming machine ensured in the form of separate graph, which is implemented in the sequence of the technological process cycle. Partial grinding in a blade dozing unit, screw conveyor, in dismembratore, blade-brush area and the final separation of a crushed grapes mixture in the aerodynamic flow. Testing of the stemming machine showed that the purification ratio amounted 0.95, but the defectiveness ofberries less than 4 %. Keywords: grapes, raisins, drying, processing, stemming machine drum, dismembrator, disc, fingers, blade.
Uzbekistan is the in leadership position among the former Soviet Union countries on production of the dried grapes products. As in 2015 it there were produced the raisins in amount of 63.5 thousand tons, and by 2020 its production volume should be increased to 100 tons when the population of Uzbekistan is 31.5 million people and 3.17 kg. of product will be equal per capita [1]. Regardless the drying method (an air, a sun, sun drying method or kiln (artificial) drying the dried grapes are delivered to the point of primary processing and machine treatment by means of the technical means.
In the result of the scientific research activities carried out by the Gulistan State University staff a modernized drum typed hightech stemming machine based on the impact-centrifugal effect has been developed (Fig. 1) [2].
Stemming machine consists of the following: shown in the fig. 1 — rotating drum inside surroundings ofwhich the blades 3 are fixed at radial side; eccentrically at the axis 4 two couples of the outline-typed 5 and brush-typed 6 drums. The last ones are activated by means of the electrical engine 7 and wedge-belt 8. The main drum 2 is rotated at the account of frictional drive 9 and chain drive 10. At the loading area of the drum's head the rotor is installed coaxially, that represents dismembratore consisting of the internal stationary disc 11 and externally mounted disc 12, which is installed with possible rotation from the electrical engine 13. Throughout the peripheries, the fingers 14 are installed at concentrically surroundings on the discs fabricated from the elastic-distorting material, e. g. a rubber. The both discs form the ring tolerance to where the tray railing 15 of the screw conveyor machine [4] is directed to of the conveying machine 16 connected to the feeding blade-typed dozing unit 17 is the junction with the silo 18. The pneumatic separator 19 is mounted under the outlet of the drum end point.
Processing of a dried grapes can be ensured in the form of separate graphs, which is implemented in the sequence of the technological process cycle (fig.2) [3].
The dried grapes is supplied through the steeply-sloping bucket elevator into the feed silo 18 and then from the silo it is delivered through feeding blade dozing unit into the screw-typed conveying machine 16 in dose parts. When passing through the dozing unit and moving throughout the screw-typed conveying machine a ra-cemation of the dried grapes are partially grinded until it becomes to separate grape berries and penicils.
Furthermore, the formed heavy multicomponent grapes mixture is supplied throughout the sloped blade 15 to the dismem-bratoring unit of the stemming machine. In this processing unit a product is delivered into the ring-typed tolerance formed between movable 12 and stationary 11 discs of dismembratoring unit; it hit onto the fingers 14 and grinded until it becomes the separate grape berries, combs and fruit stems.
Then the three-component dried grapes mixture is delivered to the slatted zone where it passes through the additional mechanical treatment. In this case mixture is caught by the blades 3 and at the top part is overturned to the side of being rotated slatted drums 5. When it hits onto the bars and in process of flying-out of the certain berries of fruitstems flying-out are torn-off. Then the torn-off berries together with fruitstems are delivered into the brushed-type drums 6, where due to the brushes friction throughout the inside part perforated surface of the drum 2 there occurs the final tear-out dividing of the fruitstems.
Torn-off berries and stalks fall through the drum sieve into the sloped chute and supplied to the aerodynamic separation process. Thereafter the separation occurs under the influence of the sloped
Section 7. Technical sciences
directed airflow. Combs and stalks, as the lighter fractions having Practical tests of the stemming machine implemented in one of
more sail abilities, fly-out and stand at a greater distance, and berries the farmers ofSamarkand region showed that the cleaning process rate settle at no longer distance. was 0.92-0.95, and the berries defectiveness amounts less than 4 %.
Fig. 1. Process diagram of the drum typed stemming machine of with impact-centrifugal action
Fig. 2. Stages of the mechanical treatment of dried grapes
Analysis of calculation pressing force of raw cotton to the surface of dielectric drum separators
References:
1. Mirzayev M. M., Rizayev R. The state-of-the-art condition ofand forecasts of the scientific researches for storage and processing ofthe fruits and grapes//Collection book of the scientific activities. Republican scientific-practical conference. - Tashkent, 2015.
2. Patent (license) № 00834 (UZ). Treatment installation of the dried grapes/Z. S. Iskandarov, O. Rakhmatov, A. M. Yusupov and others. - B. I. № 8. - 2013.
3. Rakhmatov O. Implementation and operation of the flexible production process systems of complex non-waste treatment process of the grapefruit growing culture. - Tashkent: Fan, 2015. - P. 112.
4. [Electronic resource]. - Available from: http://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?t=4066548_1_2&s1= %F8 %ED %E5 %EA
Jumaniyazov Kadam, Doctor of Technical Sciences, professor
Djuraev Anvar Djuraevich, Doctor of Technical Sciences, professor
Rakhmatullinov Farrukh Faridovich, a senior fellow researcher, Tashkent Institute Textile and Light Industry, E-mail: fara_tashkent13@mail.ru
Analysis of calculation pressing force of raw cotton to the surface of dielectric drum separators
Abstract: The article provides a new design of the dielectric separator for sorting cotton seeds of raw cotton in the degree of maturity of the fibers. There were discussed in detail the principle of operation of the proposed design of the dielectric separator. The analysis ofdesign models to determine the force pressing cotton seeds in their longitudinal and transverse locations in the area between the electrodes of the dielectric drum. The analysis of the formulas for determining the electric force pressing cotton seeds to the surface of the drum which for the considered two options of the location cotton seeds in the area between the electrodes of the separator. Analyzed estimated parameters of the separator and required design values cotton seeds pressing force to the surface ofthe dielectric separator bowl. Noting the relevant calculation results with the results of preliminary experiments in the laboratory.
Keywords: dielectric separator, sorting, fiber, maturity, cotton seeds, raw cotton.
motion of the particles and formation of the final product. The first step determines the initial conditions of entry ofparticles in an electric field, the second — the amount ofelectric power the electric field in the raw cotton. In the third step shown character movement ofseed cotton by the action of the resultant of the applied forces, and the fourth — is determined by the traj ectory of the seed cotton, after separation from the working body. The seed cotton to the actuator is usually solved by constructive-regime parameters of the supply unit solutions.
fíen
The quality of the resulting yarn depends on the maturity of raw cotton fiber. If the yarn obtained from fibers of cotton with different maturity, the yarn turns nonuniform and lower specification [1, 89-120]. Therefore, used different design separators that allow sorting ofraw cotton fiber maturity [2; 3]. We have developed a new design of the dielectric separator.
It should be noted that during the sorting of raw cotton fibers at maturity can be divided into four phases: feeding, charging, setting in
JJ /Nx; h- ^XgX
// \ L B jsq
y\ ! x
d S S L
Fig. 1. Calculated circuit: a) to determine the electrical force of attraction of the seed cotton at its lengthwise location in the space between the electrodes; b) to determine the electrical force of attraction of the seed cotton at its transverse disposition in the space between the electrodes
b
a
