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Государственная поддержка инвестиций в Российской Федерации State support of investments in Russia
Барлит Дарья Сергеевна
студентка 4 курса,
Южный федеральный университет, Институт управления в экономических, экологических и социальных
системах Россия, г. Таганрог dasisdas99@mail. ru
Barlit Darya Sergeevna
4-year student,
Southern Federal University, Institute of Economic, Environmental and Social Systems
Russia, Taganrog
dasisdas99@mail. ru
Нечаева Татьяна Александровна
К.пед.н., доцент
Южный федеральный университет, Институт управления в экономических, экологических и социальных
системах Россия, г. Таганрог englishfromtatiana53@mail.ru
Nechaeva Tatiana Aleksandrovna
Cand. Sc. (Education), associate professor Southern Federal University, Institute of Economic, Environmental and Social Systems
Russia, Taganrog englishfromtatiana53@mail.ru
Аннотация.
Высокий показатель коррупции, рост количества экономических преступлений, трудности в регистрации и ведении бизнеса, неустойчивое состояние российской экономики в целом и рубля в частности - вот некоторые из причин, сокращающий объем инвестиций в российские предприятия. В таких условиях очень важна государственная поддержка инвестиций, создание благоприятного инвестиционного климата. Причинами, обусловливающими необходимость инвестиций, являются обновление имеющейся материально-технической базы, наращивание объемов производства, освоение новых видов деятельности. Так как конечной целью инвестиционной политики является активизация инвестиционной деятельности, направленной на развитие экономики государства и повышение эффективности общественного производства. Именно механизмам и особенностям государственной поддержки инвестиций в России, а также нормативной базе, регулирующей участие государства в создании и поддержании привлекательного инвестиционного климата, и посвящена данная статья.
Abstract.
High level of corruption, increase economic crimes, difficulties in registering and doing business, unstable situation of the Russian economy in general, and the ruble in particular - these are some of the reasons that reduce the amount of investments in Russian enterprises. In such conditions, state support for investment and the creation of a favorable investment climate are very important. The reasons behind the need for investment are the renewal of the existing material and technical base, the increase in production volumes, the development of new types of activities. Since the ultimate goal of the investment policy is to intensify investment activities aimed at developing the state's economy and increasing the efficiency of social production. It is the mechanisms and features of state support for investments in Russia, as well as the regulatory framework governing the state's participation in creating and maintaining an attractive investment climate, and this article is devoted.
Ключевые слова: инвестиции, инвестиционная политика, государственное регулирование, методы государственного регулирования
Keywords: investment, investment policy, state regulation, methods of state regulation
Investments play an important role in the economy of any state. The reasons for the need for investment are the renewal of the existing material and technical base, the increase in production volumes, the development of new types of activities. However, the investment climate in Russia is far from desired. As foreign investment companies say, Russia has lost its appeal due to unpredictable policies of the state and the Central Bank. In such conditions, state support for investments
is very important.
The purpose of this work is to study the mechanisms for supporting investment in the Russian Federation, as well as the regulatory framework governing the participation of the state in creating and maintaining an attractive investment climate.
Progressive movement of the society as a whole and of the individual economic entities is based on the increased reproduction of material values, which ensures the growth of the state property and, accordingly, the growth of income. One of the main means to ensure this growth is investment, and besides there is a set of practical actions for implementation of investments. It is investment activity that plays the main role in the process of carrying out large-scale socio-political, financial and social reforms aimed at creating favorable conditions for stable economic growth. [4]
In a more general form, real investments are long-term investments in material production and in tangible production activities.
State regulation of investment activities carried out in the form of capital investments, according to the Federal Law No. E9-FZ of 25.02.1999 [1]. It is carried out by the state authorities of the Russian Federation and state authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation.
Since public administration is the activity of public authorities, we can distinguish three key legal forms of public administration.
Law-making activities of the state bodies that work out, change and terminate legal norms; law enforcement activity aimed at implementation of legal norms; law enforcement has the aim to ensure law and order, to protect human rights and freedom of the citizens. [2]
There are methods of public administration, which constitute the mechanism of the state. The government influences, for example, investment relations through financial and administrative methods; by means of persuasion, coercion, stimulation; mandatory prescriptions, recommendations; contractual relations, property impact, tax measures, financial regulation, etc.
The activity of the state in the economic sphere is not limited only by regulatory function. The state manages state ownership directly. (enterprises, etc.). [2]
Investment policy should have goals, objectives, principles and mechanisms for their implementation. In general, investment policy is an integral part of the economic policy pursued by the state and enterprises in the form of establishing the structure and scope of investments, directions of their use, sources to get them, taking into account the needs to update fixed assets and improve their technical level.
The purpose of investment policy is the implementation of the strategic plan for the economic and social development of the state.
However, in any case, the final goal of the investment policy is to intensify investment activities aimed at developing the state's economy and increasing the efficiency of social production.
The objectives of the investment policy depend on the goal and the economic situation in the country.
These may include:
- ensuring restructuring of the economy;
- stimulation of entrepreneurship and private investments;
- additional workplaces;
- attraction of resources from various sources, including foreign investments;
- improving the system of benefits and sanctions in the implementation of the investment process;
- selection and support of the development of some branches of the economy;
- ensuring the competitiveness of Russian products;
- support the development of small and medium-sized businesses. [4]
Protectionist measures of the country, various kinds of emergency loans, subsidies and benefits are aimed at
supporting the financial stability of the production.
Intervention of the state into activities of enterprises and the market as a whole is always contradictory. There are two fundamentally opposite opinions of scientists and practitioners: 1. government should not regulate production 2. the state should optimally control production.
Taking into account the limited financial capacity of the country it is necessary to identify approaches that will help to improve the investment climate in any field of activity.
Firstly, this is due to the creation of certain conditions for the development of investment activity and the formation of investment attractiveness of projects, industries and regions.
They are the following:
- stabilization policy and further economic recovery of the real sector of the economy based on the competitiveness of the products (services) being manufactured;
- formation of a favorable tax regime contributing capital strengthening;
- implementation of measures to normalize the payment and financial discipline;
- a clear division of responsibilities between the federal and regional budgets;
- further consistent reduction of escalation and real bank interest rates to the level that will stimulate investments in industrial production as the main element of the real economic sector;
- private investors will be provided with such guarantees in high-priority investments;
- increase the effectiveness of the institutional environment for investment activity.
For successful development of productive forces, first, the state should guarantee the formation of a favorable market environment in which economy becomes sensitive to investments and innovations.
Business entities expanded investment opportunities for renewal of fixed capital.
Its expansion is due to their own and external investments, including foreign capital. This can be achieved by means of introduction a new economic mechanism adequate to the market system, which considers the specific nature of industries and a number of enterprises.
Reproduction crisis and slow formation of market relations give rise to the necessity of increasing the role of the state in regulating investment activities.
Despite the fact of the transition to the market relations, the role of the state in the economy will fall and at the same time, within market principles it is impossible to change production sphere.
For this reason, the development of investment policy and its application is the most important direction of the state regulation.
Under the conditions of market relations, the country's regulatory impact on the investment process should be realized by means of :
- providing economically and scientifically based pricing;
- conducting flexible credit, tax, depreciation policies;
- expansion of leasing opportunities;
- stimulating entrepreneurial activity and granting privileges for investors investing economic resources in the formation and modernization of industrial production;
- targeted government funding;
- allocation of priority areas for investment.
At present, there is a need (as noted above) for more active governmental regulation, not only with incentive measures, but also with direct investment of money. At the same time, public funds should gear at definite objectives:
- assistance to small and medium-sized businesses;
- restoration of technical and technological and human resources;
- financing spheres where the activity of individual investors will be minimal;
- completion of the construction of previously launched facilities envisaged by the current target programs, improvement of the material and technical base of the production and innovation areas of activity, and also a processing base for raw materials in order to reduce losses and maintain its quality;
- the formation and modernization of facilities that ensure the environmental safety of the production.
At the current stage, it is very important to carry out technical re-equipment and reconstruction of production facilities and complexes, and in addition to renew machines and equipment that should provide significant growth of labor productivity, fuel and energy saving, and create suitable conditions for the production of competitive products.
Only the intensification of production based on the introduction of innovations in the form of new systems of machinery, equipment, spare parts, and modern technologies will allow us to reach the modern level of production, and, consequently, a higher level of labor that provides the population with adequate standard of living
An important factor in restoring the real sector of the economy and stimulating economic growth is the state credit policy, which should be a logical continuation of state assistance to business entities.
Considering hard financial situation of the majority of enterprises, it is necessary to attract not only domestic but also foreign investments. The formation of a favorable and stable economic environment will contribute to it.
To stimulate foreign investment, significant legislative and institutional adjustments should be done.
References:
1. Federal Law. February 25, 1999 N 39-FZ "On investment activities in the Russian Federation, implemented in the form of capital investments" (with amendments and additions).
2. Farkhutdinov I. Z., Trapeznikov V. A. Investment Law. Allowance. - "Walters Kluwer". 2006
3. Osmak V. V. Directions and methods of state regulation of investment activity of industrial enterprises / Business in law. Economic and legal journal scholar / Issue No. 6/2012
4. Vukovich G. G., Kravtsova K. V. Investment Climate in the Russian Federation: A Study of the Mechanism for Implementing the Investment Policy of the Russian Federation / Society: Politics, Economics, Law / Issue No. 3/2012
