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32STATE AND PERSPECTIVE OF DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORT IN MODERN EDUCATION IN RUSSIA
M.B. Musakaev, professor, Ph.D., director of Sterlitamak institute of physical culture (branch of
UralSUphC)
O.V. Lisachenko, Ph.D.
Sterlitamak technical college of physical culture, Sterlitamak Key words: physical culture, sport, education, legal base.
Life is changing so rapidly, that sometimes society fails to keep pace of the rush times. Changes are taking place in science and technology and it the social environment itself. In such a situation it is important for the eternal human values, like spiritual and physical health, following man all his routine life long, to be inviolable. Such life phenomena as physical culture and sport are moving into first places in formation of the next generation.
The mission of these phenomena is determined in the federal law "On physical culture and sport in the Russian Federation": physical culture is a part of culture, representing a combination of values, standards and knowledge, generated and used by society for physical and intellectual development of human abilities, to improve his motor activity and form healthy way of life, social adaptation via physical education, physical training and physical development; sport is a sphere of sociocultural activity as a combination of sports set in the form of competitions and special training practice of man for them [1].
Education, from kindergarten to university, takes a special place in the system of citizen's formation, where a member of society, the national future, is being formed. The modern educational process must reflect all the events and phenomena taking place in the country. The purpose of the study was to analyze the state and perspectives of development of physical culture and sport in the modern educational system in Russia.
Results and discussion. The issues of development of physical culture and sports in modern Russia, unfortunately, do not always find understanding among the teaching community, except for the experts in this field. Importance of the development of physical culture and sport for the young students is shown in numerous documents of legislative and executive authorities of the Russian Federation, and is often found in the speeches of top government officials. Russian Federation is not simply becoming a country that has been holding the world's largest forums for decades, but, more importantly, it is successfully showing the world the role of physical culture and sport in the formation of the national idea, which involves the cult of health, nurturing the sense of pride and the raise of the prestige of the country in the international arena.
In the recent years an example of success of Russian sport has been the hosting international competitions, which were entrusted to Russia in recognition of its authority in sport: World Athletics Championships in Moscow in 2013, the XXVII World Summer Student Games 2013 in Kazan, World Cup in water sports 2014 in Kazan, XXII Winter Olympic Games and XI Winter Paralympic Games of 2014 in Sochi, the FIFA World Cup 2018.
Particularly close attention to the development of physical culture and sport is noted in the field of education. An example of this is the new regulations in this area. One of the recent such regulations was the Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" adopted at the end of 2012. [2]
It covers all categories of the younger generation, beginning with pre-school age up to university students which promoted an orderly system and succession in physical development, as well as in sport training starting from the early age.
The most indicative articles in the laws relating to physical culture and sports are Articles 27, 28, 34, 41, 43.
Let us have a closer look at their contents: (Article 27) "the structure of educational institutions": educational institution may have in its structure various structural units providing educational activity based on the level, type and orientation of implemented educational programs, forms of training and conditions of students stay (...sports clubs, student sports clubs, school sports clubs, ...);
Article. 28 - "Competence, rights, duties and responsibilities of an educational institution": "creating the conditions for the involvement of students in physical education and sport; Article. 34 - "The fundamental rights of students and the means of their social support and stimulation": "Students are provided the academic right to ... develop their creative abilities and interests, including participation in contests, competitions, exhibitions, parades, athletic events, sports events, including official sports events and other public events "and" ... to be rewarded for success in academic, athletic, sports activities ... ";
Article. 41 - "Students Health Care" ... "Students Health Care includes: ... 5) organization and creation of the conditions for disease prevention, students health improvement, for their further engagement in physical culture and sport";
Article. 43 - "Students duties and responsibilities": "Students are required to: take actions for the preservation and strengthening of their health, to strive for the moral, spiritual and physical development and self-improvement ...".
The result of the effect of the regulatory legal acts in the educational process related to physical culture and sports can be: reduction of overall incidence among young people, increase in the percentage of those ready for the military service in the Russian army and in the future -
improving health and life expectancy. The prestige of the country in international sports competitions is also important.
The leaders and experts responsible for the educational process in educational institutions should understand the importance of physical culture and sport in the educational process. Despite the various sports activities, conducted in educational institutions, the attitude toward physical education and sport is most of the times rather formal, just for the sake of "checking the box".
Physical culture and sport - a phenomenon that penetrates many disciplines taught at all levels of education. Let us especially highlight the humanitarian education.
Subject teachers of the teaching community are not fully aware of the role and importance of physical culture and sport in modern education and training. Victories of our athletes sometimes are more important than success in the military and diplomatic fields.
Using the examples of prominant people from the world of sport we can and should build the educational process in the so-called inclusive education, thus proving that people with disabilities can engage themselves in sport, exercise, participate in various competitions, the apex of which are Paralympic and Surdolympic games.
Creating a "barrier-free" environment for the people with disabilities is as well a matter the educational process and the conditions of physical culture and sports.
Developing and improving of the regulatory framework in the field of physical culture and sports at the state level is still an ongoing process.
Therefore the Russian Government, by the decree № 402-r dated from 20th of March 2013 has approved the national program of the Russian Federation "Development of physical culture and sport." It sets specific objectives for all executive authorities in addressing tasks in the field of physical culture and sport.
Even the Office of Education didn't stay on the sidelines in the implementation of the program. Ministry of Education and Science of Russia plans to develop the so-called "student's passport" for students. It is meant to keep the record of the children's creative, educational and sports achievements. The new document will include the achievement scores of the complex of standards "Ready for Labor and Defense" (RLD).
A student will have some data that will subsequently allow him to display his success in the form of a portfolio, where in addition to his academic achievement, creative work and social activities, his sports achievements will be stated.
The idea of creating the RLD system, which should be extended to all ages, is worth attention as well. At the same time it should remain voluntary.
On March 13, 2013 at the meeting on the development of youth sports, Russian President Vladimir Putin proposed to revive the USSR RLD system in Russia and consider passing an examination on the corresponding standards for admission to universities. The President noted that despite great efforts being taken to promote the values of a healthy lifestyle, the situation with the mass and especially children's sports has not changed fundamentally. Re-establishing of the Russian gymnastic RLD complex in a modern format and passing an examination on the corresponding standards for admission to universities were proposed as possible solutions to the problem. The President instructed the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Sports to take the matter in their hands regarding this issue. Minister of Sport in Russia Vitaly Mutko said that a complex of standards similar to the one existed in Soviet times is yet to be introduced at the federal level in 2016. He noted that the Ministry of Sports will be working on it with the Ministry of Education and promised to take into consideration the Soviet experience and elaborate reasonable regulations. The Ministry of Education stated that the RLD scores will affect the enrollment of school graduates to universities.
It is also planned that the results will be added to the number of points scored in the USE. The President proposed to introduce the measures of incentive and responsibility of the heads of educational institutions for the physical fitness of their students. In particular, taking into consideration the work done on physical training of students in the evaluation of the schools effectiveness, has also been suggested.
V.V. Putin has also set a task in the coming years to provide every school with modern gyms. According to him, currently only 83% of schools have such facilities, of which 42% are in need of improvement and renovation.
In addition, the President instructed the government to develop incentives for business that is involved in supporting of children's sport and physical education, the federal law "On Education in the Russian Federation". [3]
The development of physical culture and sport in educational institutions is closely associated with the important social area of national defense.
Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu said in 2013 that the level of physical fitness in the Russian army remains insufficient.
According to the Ministry of Defense quite a lot of work has been done recently in the field of physical training in the Russian army and navy, such as increasing the lessons duration, introducing a system of selection and placement of relevant experts, introducing new job positions such as an instructor in physical training, and also providing bonuses for a high level of physical fitness.
"However, despite the measures taken, its level remains insufficient. This is primarily due to poor physical development of the draftees and outdated infrastructure for sports, "- the defense minister said.
In general, sports officials, Olympians and simple physical education teachers can rejoice. At the moment the Russians estimate the overall situation in the area of physical education and sport much higher than 7 years ago. The number of those who are positive about the physical education and sport in Russia has noticeably increased. In 2006, those were 42% of the respondents, now they have become a comfortable majority - 59%. The most optimistic are young Russians (70% in this age group). The number of those respondents considering the situation of mass sports bad has decreased: it used to be 44%, now it is only 30%. One of the last steps of the government to support physical education and sport was the opening of the Russian International Olympic University (RIOU) in September 2013 in Sochi. At its opening Russian President Vladimir Putin announced that the university shall be open to all who share the ideals of sport and the healthy lifestyle. He also said that Russia currently has extensive and serious plans in the field of sports and physical culture and that is one of the priorities of social policy. One of the objectives is to draw people, especially the young ones, to exercise regularly. [4]
Conclusion. Development of physical culture and sport in modern education in Russia is intended to settle the acute strategical nation-wide problems. Physical culture and sport should become the core in formation of the modern Russian community from preschool to university education.
References
1. Federal law of the Russian Federation "On physical culture and sport in the Russian Federation" (dated December, 4 2007 № 329-FL)" (In Russian)
2. Federal law "On education in the Russian Federation" (dated December, 29 2012 № 273-FL) (In Russian)
3. http://sterlegrad.ru/russia/public (In Russian)
4. http://olympic.ru/news/ (In Russian)
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