CC BY
13
DOI 10.14526/01_1111_166
PHYSICAL UPBRINGING AT SIBERIAN STATE INDUSTRIAL UNIVERSITY:
HISTORY AND THE PRESENT
Jahn Yu. Homichev - Director of the sports club "Metallurgy-University", Irina L. Levina - Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Director of Institute of physical culture,
health and sports,
Valentina E. Homicheva - Candidate of psychological Sciences, senior lecturer Siberian state industrial University, 42, Kirov Street, Novokuznetsk, 654007, Russia
E-mail: [email protected]
Annotation. Physical culture is an important component of students' personality and professional training integral development. Federal State Educational Standards of the 3rd generation introduction demands content and directions of physical culture programs development determination at a higher educational establishment, including taking into consideration accumulated experience and modern practice. That is why it is very important and urgent to analyze the development tendencies of students' physical upbringing system at a definite higher educational establishment, in order to determine the ways of its further development. The aim of this work is to consider the process of physical upbringing system formation at Siberian State Industrial University. Material. The article presents the history of physical upbringing system formation at a big technical higher educational establishment in Siberia - Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Siberian State Industrial University" in Novokuznetsk. Research methods: retrospective analysis and summarizing of the scientific literature, documents analysis. Results. The article presents how sports traditions were formed at a higher educational establishment and which objectives concerning students' physical upbringing were set by the state. The results of students' achievements at regional, Russian and international levels are presented. Conclusion. The necessity to develop the process of physical upbringing in accordance with the demands of time is mentioned. Physical-health-improving aspects in the structure ofphysical upbringing system of students form its priority base. Especially important this objective is in terms of the number of unhealthy students increase, who are not motivated to go in for sports and physical culture. Concerning such kind of students category work organization demands great and sometimes completely different aims setting, new innovative approaches, methods, physical culture forms and health protecting technologies creation.
Keywords: physical culture, physical upbringing of students, the history of the department, sports achievements.
Physical culture is an important component of students' personality and professional training integral development. Federal State Educational Standards of the 3rd generation introduction demands content and directions of physical culture programs development determination at a higher educational establishment, including taking into consideration accumulated experience and modern practice. That is why it is very important and urgent to analyze the
development tendencies of students' physical upbringing system at a definite higher educational establishment, in order to determine the ways of its further development. The aim of this work is to consider the process of physical upbringing system formation at Siberian State Industrial University.
The history of physical upbringing at the biggest Siberian technical University is closely connected with the history of Kuznetsk building - with the building of Kuznetsk
metallurgical industrial complex. At the end of the 20-ies and at the beginning of the 30-s of the XX century the plan realization of the USSR industrialization demanded a great number of cast iron, steel, coal, non-ferrous metals. Great building works of the first five-year plan began, which included Kuznetsk metallurgical industrial complex building. The building started in 1929 according to the project of the American company "Frain" under the direction of the main engineer I.P. Bardin; the complex started to function in 1931[2, p. 278]. Near the building area Kuznetsk was founded (later Stalinsk and Novokuznetsk), to which a well-known poem by V. Mayakovskiy "Hrenov's story about Kuznetsk building and the people of Kuznetsk" was dedicated. In order to train professionals for Kuznetsk building Siberian Institute of ferrous metals was created on the 23rd of June, 1930 on the basis of the specialty "Metallurgy of ferrous metals" of Tomsk technical Institute by the resolution of the USSR National Commissars Council and the Central Executive Committee of the USSR. In autumn 1931 according to the initiative of the main engineer of Kuznetsk building I.P. Bardin the Institute was moved to Kuznetsk.
The country needed not only competent engineers, but physically trained people. Since the beginning of the Institute physical culture was included into the curriculum as an obligatory subject [1, p. 168]. Physical upbringing lessons were held by the teachers of military training cabinet. Great attention was paid to military-patriotic upbringing. A higher educational establishment had an active defensive-mass and sports work, including badge winners of RLD (ready for labor and defense) complex training.
The first leader of physical culture at the Institute was the graduate of Moscow Physical Culture Institute V.P. Kazantsev, who had the aim of creating physical culture collective and forming not only educational process, but also sports-mass work. Among all problems the main were material difficulties -absence of gyms and equipment. The lessons were held outdoors in any season. That is why the first cultivated kinds of sport became
skating, skiing and chess. In November 1933 the best 6 athletes of the Institute went to Regional winter festival of physical culture in Novosibirsk.
In March 1935 the leader of physical culture became senior lecturer A.M. Gerasimov, the graduate of Leningrad Physical Culture Institute named after P.F. Lesgaft. An energetic organizer, good sportsman developed physical culture collective and sports-mass work at the Institute [2, p. 278]. Different sports-mass events were held: skiing between Stalinsk and Kemerovo and others, Institute and town skiing and skating competitions, chess tournaments. When it was warm sports festivals were held -performances of students with gymnastic exercises of RLD complex of the 2nd step in front of the workers of the town, basketball and volleyball competitions. In May 1938 town sports competitions were held (836 students took part in them). In individual championships high results were achieved by the following students: S. Barmin and A. Yazovskaya, who took the first places. The participants of competitions were awarded by the tickets to the theatre [2, p. 279]. Being regulated by the resolution of the USSR National Commissars Council and the Central Committee of All-Union Communist (bolshevik) party, on the 1st of November 1938 morning exercises became obligatory for all students. However, as the practice showed, obligatory morning exercises for students were not accepted by students in 30-s and even later.
On the 1st of September 1939 the head of physical culture at the Institute became senior lecturer N.M. Khorosh - the graduate of Leningrad Physical Culture Institute named after P.F. Lesgaft. With his appointment military-physical training becomes stronger. On the 1st of May 1941 all liable for military service students took part in a ceremonial parade.
Before War SMI (Siberian Metallurgical Institute) became one of the biggest higher educational establishments in Siberia. Its material base became stronger, pedagogical staff became more professional,
the quality of trained engineers improved, sports collective also improved.
During Great Patriotic War about 300 students and teachers went to front, including all physical body of active functionaries. In December 1941 evacuated Moscow Institute was combined with Siberian Metallurgical Institute on the base of SMI. The courses of physical culture and military training were combined and transformed into military-physical training department. The head of the department was regimental commissar Lvov-Ivanov [2, p. 279]. Widely spread became walking and skiing tours and route marches as the means of general physical and special training of the future soldiers.
In 1947 All-Russian students sport community "Science" (Nauka) was formed, the 1st sports and athletics meeting between the faculties was held, which then became traditional. However, a military character of physical upbringing preserved for a long time. In February 1948 by the order of the USSR Moscow Military District of the USSR an independent course of physical upbringing was formed at the Institute, which included 3 people. The head of the course was senior lecturer senior lieutenant Kozlovskiy Y.E.. In 1950 physical upbringing and sport department was created, which included 5 teachers. The head of the department was N.I. Berstenev, a graduate of Moscow Physical Culture Institute named after I. Stalin [1, p. 169]. In 1954 the department included 7 teachers, the head of the department was B.N. Kornev.
In order to develop sport it was decided to build sports buildings near the Institute. 100 meters cinder track, jumping pits for broad and high jumps, two grounds for gorodki, a gymnastic ground, a wooden platform for weight-lifters, a tennis court, a field for shotput were built. Since 1952 the 4th sports and athletics meeting between the faculties started to be held in summer, the number of sport kinds also increased. To athletics, RLD combined events, weight-lifting, cycling, basketball were added wrestling and chess swimming, boxing, draughts and shooting.
In the performances of the sports and athletics participants meeting 26 records were
set. The team of SMI, which included 16 athletes, took part in field-and-track competition for the championship of Moscow Military District and the Central Council of sport community "Science" (Nauka), which was held in summer in Tartu. In May a picked football team was created, the head of the team became a teacher from a special department lieutenant colonel V.I. Sorokin [1, p. 170]. This team included student Ashpin B.I., the future director of Western-Siberian Metallurgical Center and then a Vice-Minister of ferrous metallurgy. For volleyball championship of Kemerovo Region male and female picked teams of the Institute were sent, the male basketball team was sent to Prokopevsk. The head of the team was Y.D. Rubinshteyn. After the victory at regional competitions basketball team went to Barnaul in order to take part in zone competitions for the championship of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. The team of boxers took the first place in town, the trainer was V.P. Naumov [1, p. 171].
However, physical upbringing department still has material difficulties: there are only 2 gyms for trainings (one gym soon was taken for a problem laboratory) and a summer sports ground with two volleyball, basketball grounds and a pit for jumping. There was no any stadium, out-of-town skiing lodge, lack of sports equipment (for example, 30 pairs of skates, half of which were out-of-work, no warm sweaters and hats). However, in spite of all difficulties, "SMI" ("smichevsk") sport becomes a brand and physical upbringing at the Institute gains more sports character. In 1955 students-sportsmen of SMI entered world arena. The first was the merited of master sports V. Maneev, champion of the Soviet Union (1952 and 1954), world champion in Kaslsruhe (FRG) in 1955, winner of the World Cup in Istanbul, silver medalist of the Olympic Games in Graeco-Roman wrestling (1956, Melbourne).
In 1956 there the reorganization of sports society "Nauka" was held, which combined all higher educational establishments, and it was named "Burevestnik". Physical upbringing
department accepted a large group of trainers according to the courses of sports improvement. Lessons were held by 10 teachers according to 19 kinds of sport, including tourism, chess, Alpine skiing, sports games, gymnastics, swimming, shooting. For educational-training camps with the leading trainers and speed skaters of the region hockey ground and a skiing lodge with 200 pairs of skies were created.
For year-round training of highly-qualified sportsmen summer and winter sports camps were necessary and for this purpose a summer campsite (1958) and winter sports-health-improving camp (1960) were organized. At the end of the 60-s the building of own sports-health-improving base "Tarbagan" was started, where sport camps of sportsmen were held and health-improving activity of students was realized.
In 1960 the Ministry of higher and secondary-level special education of the USSR considers the question about the prospects of physical upbringing department
reorganization. It was recommended to divide students into the following medical groups during medical examination: special, preparatory and the basic one. The students of a special medical group had to go in for physical culture since the 1st till the 5th course, the students of the preparatory and basic groups at the 1st and the 2nd courses. The number of hours in a week was the following: 2 main and 2 optional hours. The groups of sports improvement were formed from the students, who were inclined to this or that kind of sport. They had to be badge winners of RLD (ready for labor and defense) complex. In educational groups were to include the following number of people: the 3rd category -10-12 people, the 2nd category - 8-10 people, the 1st category - 5-6 people. The students of the first category trained 8 hours a week.
According to the decree of the ministry (№ 451, 24.12.1960) the main aim of physical upbringing at higher educational establishments had to become the following things: health improvement, many-sided physical development, sportsmanship development. In order to realize the aim it was
necessary to improve educational, health-improving and sports-mass work with students, provide regular medical control, increase students' interest concerning physical culture. However, in reality main attention of physical upbringing departments was paid to training sportsmen of the highest categories, because the level of financing mainly depended on the number of students, who were the members of the picked teams of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and the USSR and prizewinners of World championships.
Sports achievements of SMI increased. In August 1958 male basketball team of the Institute became the champion of Siberia in Tyumen, female volleyball team took the 3rd place at the Ministry competitions in Kiev. In 1964 student Bertha Zlobina-Kolokoltseva won a gold medal of the Soviet Union champion ship in skating and then bronze at the Olympic Games in Innsbruck [1, p. 171].
In 1965 physical upbringing department moved to the main building of the Institute and got the playing hall, hall for wrestling, hall for gymnastics. The staff of the department increased and was 17 teachers.
In 1966 the student of the mining faculty, honored master of sport in Graeco-Roman wrestling V. Oleynik repeated the result of V. Maneev, won the championship of the USSR and the World championship and in 1968 became prize-winner at the Olympic Games in Mexico. For great contribution into training highly-qualified sportsmen- World champions V. Maneev and V. Oleynik senior teacher of Graeco-Roman wrestling master of sport of the USSR S. Posukonko received the title of the Honored trainer of the USSR.
Only 2 gold medals received by the picked team of the USSR at the Olympic Games in Mexico in 1968 (in Tokyo in 1964 20 medals were received) demanded changes in the system of training sportsmen. In December 1968 there was All-Union conference of "Burevestnik". All higher educational establishments were criticized. The decrease of students-sportsmen of the highest sports qualification was underlined. In Tokyo the picked team had 40,2% of students,
in Mexico 8%; only some students are included into the picked teams of the country. Voluntary sports society "Burevestnik" tried to improve sports work at higher educational establishments. It was allowed to give 2 rubles a day to students-sportsmen for food. More actively were considered the questions of creating sports buildings. Also attention was paid to educational work organization according to physical upbringing at higher educational establishments.
In 1971 started the building of a new sports block in SMI, in 1977 a sports complex with 5 gyms and a swimming pool was brought into operation. The head of physical upbringing department was G.V. Potseluenko (the graduate of Omsk Physical Culture and Sport Institute).
The 80-s introduced rugby team of the Institute into big sport. In 1980 the picked rugby team took the 2nd place in the championship of the USSR, in a year won the Cup of Russia. At weightlifting championship of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic the winner became the student V. Solodov, in 1982 he won the Cup of Friendship and the championship of the USSR in a weight category till 90 kg and in a year took the 2nd place in the World championship among juniors. In 1984 V. Solodov, was the champion of the USSR, Europe and the World, in a year he repeated his success.
The sportsmen of the Institute achieved high results in skiing, table tennis, tourism and chess. Educational work also changed. Lessons were held at the 1st-2nd course 4 hours a week, at the 3rd course - 2 hours a week. Optional lessons were introduced: 2 hours a week rhythmic gymnastics for the students of the 4th course, skiing (in winter) and swimming for the 5th course. Students-sportsmen went in for the groups of sports development and the sections 6-8-10 hours a week depending on sports readiness (fitness). The lessons of a special medical group were held at the 1st-4th courses 4 hours a week and examination was held in sports-health-improving camp "Tarbagan". Mass sports-health-improving events were organized: the Day of a runner; Kuzbas ski-track, All-Russian ski-track, All-
Union Day of a skier; track -and- field race for the prize of "The Kuznetsk worker" (newspaper); walking-tours of a day off; skiing walks and others [1, p. 172].
In 1985, according to the results of the contest of the Ministry of higher and secondary-level special education of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, the department took the 7th place in educational work and the 14th place according to the highest sportsmanship from 145 higher educational establishments of Russia.
In 90-s from all sports achievements of SMI chess achievements are specially determined. Senior teacher of physical upbringing department T.N. Sorokina, the graduate of SMI 1969, in 1993 took the 1st place at an International festival "Russia of Esenin"; 4 years later she was given the title of "Master of FIDE" in chess. The winner of the International festival in Poland in 1993 became the post-graduate of physical chemistry department V. Zaytsev, and D. Romanov, the post-graduate of metallurgical production automation department, took the 3rd place in the championship of Russia among the invalids. In 2000 the team of the Institute took the 3rd place in chess championship of Russia among students (in Saratov). In 2001 chess club was created at the University, the director became an active chess veteran A.M. Amzorov. Then this chess club was named after N.V. Tolstoguzov, who was the head of SMI since 1964 till 1988.
The first ten years of a new century didn't cause any significant changes in educational process organization. In accordance with the transfer to state educational standards changed curriculum, the number of hours, but general politics stayed the same - great number of specializations, priority of work with students-sportsmen. Significant event was the defense of the 1st thesis of O.A. Ugolnikova (senior teacher), who became later the head of the department and physical upbringing, sports and health faculty organization on the basis of the department, the head of which became G.V. Potseluenko.
Physical culture, health and sport faculty was created on the basis of the University Academic council resolution (protocol #10, 26.05.2005) in order to increase the effectiveness of the main educational "Physical culture" programs realization. It was necessary also for physical culture infrastructure development at a higher educational establishment, organizational, administrative and material-technical conditions of physical upbringing improvement, health, sports and physical culture values popularization, the specialists' status increase in pedagogical, training, scientific-research, rehabilitation activity.
It should be noted that neither "boisterous" 90-s of the XX century nor relatively safe 2000 of the XXI century influenced sports achievements of Siberian State Industrial University. In 2000 student R. Meshcheryakov received a silver medal at the World championship in a super heavy category. In 2000 student of economic faculty A.Polyanskaya won powerlifting World championship among female students and fulfilled the normative "World-class athlete"; among male students the champion became student M. Chirkov. At powerlifting championship in Russia among students Siberian State Industrial University (SibSIU) team took the 10th place from 62 teams. SibSIU sportsmen's achievements in powerlifting is connected with the fact that trainer A.V. Gumennoy started to work at the department.
In 2001 student from the technological faculty S. Savich became the winner of the Europe championship in sambo among young men, student from metallurgical faculty A.Peresypkin became the champion of Russia among students in 400 meters freestyle swimming. In 2002 student from the economic faculty A. Polyanskaya won powerlifting World championship among female athletes and fulfilled the normative of World-class athlete, student from the metallurgical faculty L. Mironov became the champion of "All-Russian student games" in 60 meters running with barriers, I. Golubets became the champion of interregional tournament in 400 meters running with barriers, student from the
metallurgical faculty K. Rybenko received the title of "International master" [1, p. 173]. The basketball and volleyball teams of SibSIU were the champions of Kuzbass and the winners of Kuzbass Cup many times.
During further years Honored sports master, 6 World-class athletes, 4 masters of sport FIDE in chess, 26 masters of sport, 72 candidate masters in different kinds of sport were trained. The highest sports results were achieved by the following students:
• E. Chigishev, Honored master of sport, silver medalist of the Olympic Games in China in 2008, twice champion of Europe, tree-time silver medalist of the World championship, fivefold champion of Russia in weight lifting;
• V. Kolbaskin, master of sport, the winner of "World Cup" 2008-2009, champion of the Cups and championships of Russia in karate;
• V. Kravchenko, candidate master, the winner of the International tournament in Germany, the winner of the Cup of Russia 2009 in karate;
• D. Inzarkin, World-class athlete, the winner of the European championship 2009, the winner of the championship of Russia 2009 in powerlifting;
• S. Ladokhina, World-class athlete, silver medalist of the Cup of Europe in athletics all-around, the champion of Russia 2009;
• S. Melentev, World-class athlete, bronze medalist of the championship of Russia among students, bronze medalist of the championship of Russia 2009 in athletics;
• A. Kerzhentseva, master of sport, the champion of Russia in karate;
• P. Smirnov, international grand-master, champion of the Cup and the championships of Russia in quick and classical chess;
• K. Matveev, bronze medalist of the championship of Russia and silver
medalist of the championship of Russia among students in karate 2010;
• M. Skobelev, master of sport, 6-times champion of Russia in kosiki karate, silver medalist of the Cup of Europe in 2002, bronze medalist of the Cup of Europe in 2003, World champion 2004.
• M. Chirkov, World-class athlete, three-times champion of Russia (2001, 2003, 2004) and three-times champion of the World (2001, 2002, 2004) in powerlifting;
• E. Prosteva , master of sport, bronze medalist of the Cup of Europe in mountain ski, the participant of the XXI winter Olympic Games, four-times champion of Russia in mountain ski;
• A. Cherkasov, master of sport, the winner of the championship of Europe in athletics (Italy, 2013);
• A. Tsapa, master of sport, the winner of the World championship in powerlifting (the USA, 2013);
• V. Asanov, the winner of the World championship in powerlifting (Hungary, 2014) and others. Physical culture of the XXI century is
in a new way realized in the materials of the standard, life supporting state system, connected with specialists training for the national economy, with defensive capacity improvement and health formation of the nation [3]. During higher educational establishments licensing the criteria of physical culture development and material base are taken into consideration. That is why physical culture, health and sport faculty was renamed into the Institute of Physical Culture, Health and Sport - IPCH&S (resolution № 124-ob on 31.01.2014), the head of the Institute since September, 2015 is the doctor of medical sciences, professor I.L. Levina. The Institute had the aim of educational process creative transformation, which forms the reserves of students' health and provides general cultural competencies achievement.
IPCH&S also fulfills socially oriented activity, giving spots gyms and a swimming
pool for the staff of Siberian State Industrial University and their children till 14, children from orphan houses and for town competitions in different kinds of sport.
Educational-sports base of IPCH&S is presented by 4 sports gyms, 3 exercise rooms, gyms for general physical training, rhythmic and athletic gymnastics, wrestling and table tennis, chess club named after V.N. Tolstoguzov, 25 meter swimming pool, a field for football and rugby with athletics tracks, chin-up bars ground, storehouse for skis and dressing rooms for winter kinds of sport.
Created at the Institute program for the discipline "Physical culture" and the program of the elective disciplines in applied physical culture provide involvement of each student into physical culture and sport as the most effective means of health improvement. Physical-health-improving aspects in the structure of physical upbringing system of students form its priority base. Especially important this objective is in terms of the number of unhealthy students increase, who are not motivated to go in for sports and physical culture. Concerning such kind of category of students work organization demands great and sometimes completely different aims setting, new innovative approaches, methods, physical culture forms and health protecting technologies creation.
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Jahn Yu. Homichev - Director of the sports club "Metallurgy-University", Siberian state industrial University, Kirov Street, 42, Novokuznetsk, 654007, Russia.
Irina L. Levina - Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Director of Institute of physical culture, health and sports, Siberian state industrial University, Kirov Street, 42, Novokuznetsk, 654007, Russia.
Valentina E. Homicheva - Candidate of psychological Sciences, senior lecturer Siberian state industrial University, Kirov Street, 42, Novokuznetsk, 654007, Russia, E-mail: [email protected]
