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0БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
UDC 636.223.1
COMPARISON OF PRODUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF WAGYU, HEREFORD
AND ABERDEENANGUS CATTLE MEAT BREEDS (СРАВНЕНИЕ ПРОДУКТИВНЫХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК МЯСНЫХ ПОРОД ВАГЮ, ГЕРЕФОРД И АБЕРДИН-АНГУССКОГО СКОТА)
Bogdanov E.V., 2-year postgraduate student in scientific specialty 4.2.4 Smaill animal science, feeding, feed preparation technologies and livestock production Scientific supervisor: Doctor of Agriculture, Professor Solovyeva O.I., Language advisor: C.Sc. (Pedagogy), Associate Professor Alipichev A.Yu.,
FSBEI HE RT SAU
АННОТАЦИЯ
Необходимость в качественных продуктах питания неуклонно растет, одновременно с этим растет спрос и в премиальном сегменте продукции животноводства. Так, все больше людей в России начинает интересоваться говядиной с высокой мраморностью и повышенными вкусовыми качествами, обусловленными не типами откорма или применением каких-либо технологий, а породными особенностями животных.
КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА
Крупный рогатый скот, Вагю, Герефорд, Абердин-Ангус, мраморность мяса, убойный выход разных пород, мясное направление продуктивности.
ABSTRACT
The need for quality food is steadily growing, and so is the demand for premium livestock products. More and more people are interested in beef with high marbling and enhanced taste, which is due not to the types of feeding or the use of certain technologies, but to the breed characteristics of animals.
KEYWORDS
Cattle, Wagyu, Hereford, Aberdeen Angus, marbling of meat, slaughter yield of different breeds, meat-type of productivity.
In today's conditions of globalization and competition, the efficiency of production of certain goods and services has a significant impact [2]. Thus, the use of specialized breeds of livestock can increase the output of finished products with better quality than the use of breeds that do not correspond to the type of productivity or universal breeds.
World experience and practice show that it is not possible to meet the growing needs of the population for meat without the development of specialized cattle breeding. In developed countries, depending on the tradition of meat consumption, the share of beef cattle in the total livestock population ranges from 40 to 70%. In the Russian Federation, there has recently been a steady growth in beef production, which is about 2.5% per year [7]. It is almost 350 thousand heads of beef cattle, and this is 1.9% of the total number of cattle in Russia, which amounts to more than 1,800 thousand heads.
In beef production, it is advisable to use beef breeds of cattle, and, in turn, different breeds of this productivity direction differ in their characteristics and product quality. For example, the Aberdeen Angus breed has gained great popularity among beef breeds due to its exceptionally high precocity, good beef qualities and high weight gains when using fattening. However, this breed can also be improved, and the Wagyu breed animals can be used for this purpose.
The aim of the work was to compare the productive characteristics of Wagyu, Hereford and Aberdeen-Angus meat breeds.
The research methodology involved analyzing the results of cattle slaughter in 2023. To assess the data, animals with similar gender, age, and fattening methods were selected.
The Wagyu breed animals are known for their high feed conversion and marbling of meat, which is an important quality in the premium beef segment.
The Aberdeen Angus animals (Figure 1) are characterized by a compact body, short limbs and well-defined beefy forms. Their skeleton is thin. The color is black and red. The live weight of adult cows is 500-550 kg (the highest is 650-700 kg), bulls - 1000 kg, and steers -750-950 kg (the highest is 1000 kg) [5]. With intensive rearing, the live weight of bulls reaches 400-420 kg by the age of 15 months, and 460 kg by the age of 18 months [6]. The slaughter yield is 45-64 %, and the milk productivity is 1500-1700 kg per lactation, in some herds up to 3000 kg [4].
Figure 1 - Aberdeen Angus
As for the Wagyu breed animals (Figure 2), in the conditions of Bryansk Meat Company LLC, by 2031, the production of "marble" beef from the Wagyu cattle breed will amount to 3.5 thousand tons. The live weight of adult's averages 500-600 kg; the weight of adult bulls reaches 900-1000 kg. The height at the withers is 122-126 cm for cows and 130-140 cm for bulls. The average daily weight gain of young animals (steers) is at the level of 900-1000 grams, and in some cases reaches up to 1.2 kg. The milk yield of cows is low. It is 800 kg with a fat content of 4.6% for 150 lactation days. The maximum milk yield for lactation can reach up to 2000 kg of milk. The slaughter yield of steers varies from 62 to 65% [1].
Figure 2 - Wagyu
One more breed that is also worth mentioning is Hereford, one of the popular beef cattle breeds (Figure 3). The live weight of adult cows is 550-600 kg, that of bulls - 800-1000 kg. The height at the withers is 125-130 cm for cows and 135-140 cm for bulls. Hereford animals are distinguished by early maturity and high weight gain. They are well adapted to various climatic
conditions and undemanding in terms of feed. The slaughter yield is 58-70 %. Milk productivity is low, amounting to up to 2000 kg of milk per lactation [3].
Figure 3 - Hereford
To improve the productive qualities of the existing livestock, it is logical to obtain crossbred animals, namely, Aberdeen Angus x Wagyu crosses.
Thus, to study the productive qualities of the purebred Aberdeen Angus cattle compared with Aberdeen Angus x Wagyu crosses, some data on the slaughter yield of steers for 2023 were taken. To compare breed characteristics, animals were taken that were put on fattening diets at the age of 15 months and slaughtered upon reaching the required meat characteristics. The meat characteristics of 750 heads of the Angus, Angus-Wagyu, and Hereford breeds were studied.
The weight of entry to the feedlot in the selected group of animals is 350-360 kg. The average weight at stunning for Angus is 623.7, 669 for Angus-Wagyu 50, 589 for Herefords. The slaughter yield was 56.6% for Aberdeen Angus, 57.3% for the Aberdeen-Wagyu cross 50, and 56.4% for Herefords.
An important parameter in modern beef cattle breeding is the marbling of meat, or the degree of marbling, the grade, i.e. the "amount" of marbled streaks in a steak. There are grades into which beef is divided: Select, Choice, Top Choice, and Prime. The cuts are assigned the corresponding degree of marbling according to the international USDA system. Grades are automatically determined by Ribeye that is the most valuable part. A special scanner calculates the number of marbling points according to certain parameters. The fatter inclusions in the meat, the higher the grade is.
Thus, according to the slaughter data, the average USDA score of rib-eye from Hereford animals was 453, 625 from Angus, and 673 from Angus-Wagyu 50. These are the average indicators of animals slaughtered at the age of 20 months, with an average weight of 615 kg and an average carcass weight of 346.2 kg.
Summarizing, we can conclude that crossing the Wagyu cattle breed with the Aberdeen Angus cattle breed is rather purposeful activity and it leads to an increase in both meat productivity in general and the amount of premium meat obtained from one animal, in particular. A number of domestic producers, in particular, the Miratorg Company, are actively working in this area and strive to improve the quality of its products and make them more accessible to regular consumers without compromising the quality and safety of products.
Библиография:
1. Алексеева Е.И., Суханова С.Ф. Качество мяса, полученного от животных герефордской и абердин-ангусской пород // Инновации и продовольственная безопасность. 2017. № 4 (18). С. 20-25.
2. Проект «Концепции устойчивого развития мясного скотоводства в Российской Федерации на период до 2030 года» / Х.А. Амерханов [и др.] // Вестник мясного скотоводства. 2017. № 1(97). С. 7-12.
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5. Козлова Т.В., Сударев Н.П. Мясная продуктивность и качество кожевенного сырья абердин-ангусской породы при разных технологиях содержания в условиях Тверской области // Аграрный вестник Верхневолжья. 2021. № 2 (35). С. 57-61.
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References:
1. Alekseeva E.I., Sukhanova S.F. Quality of meat obtained from animals of the Hereford and Aberdeen Angus breeds // Innovations and food security. 2017. No. 4 (18). P. 20-25.
2. The draft "Concept of sustainable development of beef cattle breeding in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030" / Kh.A. Amerhanov [et al.] // Bulletin of beef cattle breeding. 2017. No. 1 (97). P. 7-12.
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4. Agriculture in Russia / I.V. Vasiliev [et al.]. M., 2023. 103 p.
5. Kozlova T.V., Sudarev N.P. Meat productivity and quality of leather raw materials of the Aberdeen Angus breed under different technologies of keeping in the conditions of the Tver region // Agrarian Bulletin of the Upper Volga. 2021. No. 2 (35). P. 57-61.
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7. The state of beef cattle breeding in the Russian Federation / G.I. Shichkin [et al.] // Yearbook on breeding work in beef cattle breeding in farms of the Russian Federation for 2021, 2022. Pp. 3-16.
УДК 504.03
ВЛИЯНИЕ ЭКОЛОГИИ НА ЗДОРОВЬЕ ЧЕЛОВЕКА
Разумеев М.С., бакалавр 3 курса направления подготовки 35.03.06 Агроинженерия. Научный руководитель: к.ф.н., доцент Нерушева Т.В. ФГБОУ ВО Орловский ГАУ
АННОТАЦИЯ
В статье рассматриваются глобальные экологические проблемы, связанные с выбубкой лесов, загрязнением воздуха, почвы и воды, радиоактивного загрязнения. Следствием экологических проблем повышается уровень заболеваемости и смертности населения. В статье предлагаются пути решения экологических проблем. Важно помнить, что наш окружающий мир - это наш организм, оберегая окружающую среду - мы оберегаем своё здоровье.
КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА
Экология, глобальные проблемы, загрязнения, экосистема, природные ресурсы, заражения, вред, здоровье.
