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3• Сотрудничество с представителями землячеств и активом факультета.
• Сотрудничество с факультетом психологии Таврической академии КФУ им. В.И. Вернадского.
• Групповые тренинговые занятия.
• Психологическое сопровождение тьюторов, волонтеров-медиков.
• Разработка и публикация в социальных сетях тематических материалов по психологии для студентов - практических рекомендаций.
Эффективность проведенной работы определяется путем анализа самоотчетов студентов в закрытых группах социальных сетей, обратной связи, получаемой в небольших терапевтических или тренинговых группах, в ходе занятий психологического клуба, а также от тьюторов и представителей студенческих землячеств.
Выводы:
1. Совокупность схожих адаптационных сложностей и проблем иностранных студентов - носителей разных культур, жителей разных регионов мира количественно меньше, чем в целом этнокультурных, конфессиональных и региональных различий. Однако выраженность, формы проявления, интенсивность и характер переживаний определяются в большей мере личностным своеобразием, чем принадлежностью к одной культуре.
2. Маргинализация как транзиторное состояние культурного перехода является препятствием для быстрой и успешной социокультурной адаптации, но в ряде случаев неизбежным периодом, продолжительность и характер которого определяется уникальным соотношением этнокультурных и личностных особенностей.
3. Если маргинальность переживается личностью как достижение и декларируется или манифестируется таким образом, то необходимо отнестись к этому с особым вниманием и полагать такого студента находящимся в группе риска как в отношении собственного благополучия, так и в отношении безопасности других.
4. Студенты, для которых характерно состояние «конструктивной маргинальности» являются естественными помощниками психолога в работе с дезадаптированными и «деструктивно» маргинальными личностями.
5. Психологическое сопровождение процесса адаптации эффективно проводить в разных формах, в том числе, учитывая этнокультурные, конфессиональные и региональные особенности иностранных студентов.
Литература:
1. Набатникова, Л.П. Психологическое консультирование в системе службы психологической помощи в вузе / Л.П. Набатникова // Системная психология и социология. - 2011. - №4. - С. 20-28.
2. Нестерова, А.А. Роль осознанной саморегуляции в процессе социокультурной адаптации мигрантов / А.А. Нестерова, Т.Ф Суслова, Г.И. Ефремова // Вопросы психологии. - 2016. - № 5. - С. 37- 47.
3. Михайлова, О.Б. Особенности проявления психосоматических симптомов у иностранных студентов в процессе адаптации у инокультурной среде / О.Б. Михайлова, А.И. Косталес // Вестник Новосибирского государственного университета. Серия: Психология. - 2011. - Т. 5. - № 2. - С. 112-117.
4. Михайлова, О.Б. Проблемы межкультурной адаптации иностранных студентов и их проявления в стратегиях адаптивности / О.Б. Михайлова, А.И. Косталес // Вестник РУДН. Серия: Психология и педагогика. - 2011. - № 3. - С. 29-33.
5. Михайлова, О.Б. Особенности диагностики и сопровождения адаптированности обучающихся в международном университете / О.Б. Михайлова / Психологическая служба университета: реальность и перспективы: материалы I Всероссийской научно-практической конференции с международным участием. Москва, 27-28 октября 2017 г. / отв. ред. И.Б. Умняшова, И.В. Макарова. - Москва: ФГБОУ ВО МГППУ. НИУ ВШЭ, 2017. - С. 149-154.
6. Приказ № 636 Министерства образования Российской федерации от 22.10.1999 г. Об утверждении Положения Службы практической психологии в системе Министерства образования Российской Федерации. - URL: http://practic.childpsy.ru/document/detail.php?ID=22883 (дата обращения: 01.07.2022).
7. Психологическая служба университета: реальность и перспективы: материалы I Всероссийской научно-практической конференции с международным участием. - Москва, 27-28 октября 2017 г. / отв. ред. И.Б. Умняшова, И.В. Макарова. - Москва: ФГБОУ ВО МГППУ. - НИУ ВШЭ, 2017. - 424 с.
8. Серева, Д.О. Об адаптации иностранных студентов к поликультурной образовательной среде вуза / Д.О. Серева, А.Н. Андонова // Вестник по педагогике и психологии Южной Сибири. - 2016. - №3. - С. 72-81.
9. Теоретико-методологические основы организации психологической службы в вузе: монография / отв. ред. Т.Н. Разуваева. - Белгород: ИД «Белгород» НИУ «БелГУ», 2017. - 342 с.
Psychology
UDC 159.9
postgraduate student of the faculty of psychology and pedagogy Zhang Chao
Smolensk State University (Smolensk)
SPECIFICITY OF COUNSELING AND PSYCHOTHERAPY FOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS IN ADOLESCENTS
Annotation. The article reflects the features of the study of the development of compulsory health insurance (CHI) in the manifestation of non-psychotic depressive disorders in adolescents. We need it to prevent mental disorders that appear in adolescence. They are characterized by widespread prevalence, the problem of recognition at early stages, high suicidal risk and the lack of an algorithm for effective preventive measures. The purpose of this study is to determine strategic priorities for the development of adolescent CHI and financial risks insurance of treatment of depressive disorders.We determine the relevance and novelty of the research by the need to consider the topic under study and the unprecedented influence of the study of theoretical aspects of CHI in the manifestation of non-psychotic depressive disorders in adolescents.We carried out this work using such methods of scientific research as observation, statistical grouping, system analysis, synthesis, generalization and comparison. Economic support to organizations providing medical services for the correctional maintenance of health and development of adolescents with psychological disorders is the main task of the healthcare industry. The investigated problems of the scientific article allow us to identify the main problems of an economic, psychological nature in the treatment of logical memory features in primary school-age children, adolescents with complex hearing and intelligence disorders. The considered adolescents and primary school children with psychological disorders are the main objects of scientific research.
Key words: health insurance, compulsory health insurance (CHI), health insurance companies, financial support, voluntary health insurance (VHI).
Аннотация. В статье отражены особенности исследования развития обязательного медицинского страхования (ОМС) при проявлении непсихотических депрессивных расстройств у подростков. Данные расстройства характеризуются широкой распространенностью, проблемой распознавания на ранних стадиях, высоким суицидальным риском и отсутствием
алгоритма эффективных профилактических мер. Целью данного исследования является определение стратегических приоритетов развития подросткового ОМС и страхования финансовых рисков лечения депрессивных расстройств. Экономическая поддержка организаций, оказывающих медицинские услуги по коррекционному поддержанию здоровья и развитию подростков с психологическими расстройствами, является одной из важных задач отрасли здравоохранения.
Ключевые слова: медицинское страхование, обязательное медицинское страхование (ОМС), медицинские страховые компании, финансовая поддержка, добровольное медицинское страхование (ДМС).
Introduction. The topic of healthcare has always been and will be one of the most important issues for any country. Therefore, the relevance of this topic is directly related to the fact that healthcare is an integral part of a modern, constantly developing society [1, Р. 156]. The constant development of this sphere makes it possible to eliminate problems related to the health of the population and, accordingly, affect the economic structure of society. Transformations in the market of the state are constantly making changes in the healthcare component, namely, the quality of healthcare services provided [2, Р. 550]. What is the reason for the need for continuous development and provision of high-quality healthcare services? And this is directly related to modernization and transformation in socio-economic and political-administrative indicators in the market of the state. It is also connected with changes in the indicators of the socio-demographic sphere, namely, the deterioration of the life of the population [3, Р. 33-35].
An important aspect of the activity of each state is ensuring a high standard of living of the population. This requires the development of high-quality and timely medical [6-16].
Presentation of the main material of the article. The existing healthcare system of the Russian Federation is constantly developing and provides high-quality healthcare services to all those in need. Now, in the Russian Federation, the system of compulsory health insurance is a guarantee of social protection of the population for the provision of medical care [4, Р. 121-125].
Let's consider the classification of compulsory health insurance presented in Figure 1.
Types of health insurance
Compulsory N
V У
s Voluntary N
V У
f N
Individual
V
Collective
Figure 1. Classification of health insurance
Taking into account the current situation in the compulsory health insurance system in Russia, we should note that the number of insured under compulsory health insurance amounted to 146.4 million people in 2019. The proportion of adolescents with signs of non-psychotic depressive disorders was 53.89% [19, Р. 40-45].
Also, it is worth noting the main indicators of the work of insurance organizations in terms of compulsory health insurance, presented in Table 1.
Table 1
Statistical analysis of cash receipts and outflows in the part of the compulsory health insurance for
2019-2021 (million rubles)
Total funds received 840235.9 1199749.9
funds received from the territorial funds of the CHI 718801.9 1145366.3
funds received from healthcare organizations as a result of payment violations 22380.4 46302.2
funds received from legal entities and natural persons 11.9 12.3
other income from targeted programs 99041.7 8069.0
Total funds used 804749.8 1137611.7
income in the ownership of an insurance medical organization 2245.6 3373.0
payment for health care 701093.2 1127859.5
other funds 101411.0 6379.3
Examining Table 1, we can conclude that the sphere of compulsory health insurance is one of the most basic systems to which state support is provided [17, Р. 50-59].
In comparison with 2021, in terms of the receipt of funds, the CHI exceeded 359,514 million rubles or 42.8% to 2019. In turn, the use of funds in 2020 increased by 332,861.9 million rubles or 41.4%.
Having considered the aspects of compulsory health insurance for adolescents suffering from non-psychotic depressive disorders, we can say that it is necessary to reform the healthcare system of the Russian Federation. The population needs to receive high-quality and fast health care. And for this, it is necessary to improve and finance healthcare centres throughout the country [18].
Today, strengthening and preserving the health of the young population of the country is one of the most important problems of any state. As a rule, the preservation of health is possible only due to the effective management of public health. Effective
management of public health requires high-quality provision of healthcare services. Therefore, the formation and development of a health protection system should be the highest priority goal for each state.
The reforms are applied to timely and modern maintenance of the current health of the population, as well as to improve the living standards of the population in all indicators. At the moment, those developments that we aim at implementing long-term government programs and projects are widely used among innovative approaches.
In turn, it is worth noting that conducting thorough and uncompromising control over the activities of organizations providing healthcare services also reduces the probability of losing the workforce of the younger generation.
In addition, in this regard, the importance of the current internal control mechanism increases. This is one of the key factors reflecting the psychological state of adolescents from 14 to 18 years old.
It is worth noting that deviant behavior is a consequence of a violation of the emotional and personal sphere of adolescents, against the background of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Adolescents suffering from non-psychotic depressive disorders use a type of logical memory to perceive the environment, the material of which is remembered for life, while they can rapidly forget it with mechanical memorization if regular practice stops.
Also, information that is interesting to a person in itself is unconsciously remembered. It is either the most valuable (relevant), or it interests involuntary attention, or it is deliberately organized by someone. For voluntary memorizing, it is very important that a person sets a goal to keep in memory and applies a certain volitional effort to this. Reproduction can also be accidental and involuntary. To diagnose neuropsychiatric diseases in a teenager, we use various psychological tactics. In the work with the use of art therapy methods, we carry out educational, therapeutic, diagnostic, correctional and developmental (the key function) functions. Thanks to the use of different forms of work (dramatization, game, unconventional drawing, etc.), we form a situation of success. At the same time, semantic memory, thinking, attention and observation develop. In the art therapy process, children learn, gradually gain experience of new forms of activity, develop abilities, self-regulation of feelings and behavior, social competence.
Conclusion. Thus, when writing a research paper, we used various methods to study the theoretical and practical aspects of the organization of the modern healthcare system in the Russian Federation for adolescents with signs of non-psychotic depressive disorders that affect the social adaptation of young people from 14 to 18 years. The criteria identified as a result of the analysis of theoretical material on a given problem were the leading type of memory, the memory span, the accuracy of reproduction.
As a result of the study, we found that the predominant type of memory in the experimental group is visual, and the level of semantic memory is low. The features of the logical memory of adolescents with disorders of non-psychotic depressive disorders are the slow memorization, the need for more presentations, the instability of attention and its fluctuations. This group of young generation children do not use a mnemic support. There are difficulties in generalizing the material, the ability to distinguish the main thoughts in it. They do not use logical memorization techniques.
The organization of our study was based on the following diagnostic principles:
1. The principle of optimality assumes that we should obtain a sufficient amount of diagnostic information with minimal effort.
2. The principle of determinism (disclosure of the mechanism of the phenomenon under study, the driving forces, their occurrence, development, interaction, constituent elements and interrelation, stages of development, conditions and factors on which this development depends).
3. The principle of accessibility and individuality involves taking into account age and specific changes.
Also consider the following:
1. The level of techniques should correspond to age characteristics.
2. The execution of the task should be purposeful.
3. The place of research should meet the engineering and psychological requirements, provide a certain comfort and relaxed atmosphere.
4. Diagnosis should be carried out on a more favorable day and time for the child.
We conducted the study in three stages:
1. Preparatory - at this stage, there was a selection of techniques aimed at studying logical memory in adolescents with non-psychotic depressive disorders.
2. Generalizing - we carried out the analysis and systematization of the results of experimental work and summarized the obtained data.
References:
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2. Blonsky, P.P. Izbrannye pedagogicheskie i psikhologicheskie sochineniya / P.P. Blonsky. - Moscow, 2019. - 550 p.
3. Blumina, M.G. Prevalence, etiology and some features of manifestations of complex defects / M.G. Blumina // Concept. -2019. - Pp 33-35.
4. Bukreeva, A.A. Correction of the memory of younger schoolchildren / A.A. Bukreeva. - Moscow: Arial, 2015. -Pp. 121-125.
5. Vein, A.M. Pamyat chelovek: uchebno-metodcheskoe posobie / A.M. Vein. - Moscow: Arial, 2018. - Pp. 150-184.
6. Vekker, L.M. Mental processes: educational and methodical education / L.M. Vekker. - SPb.: Piter, 2019. - 300 p.
7. Ermasov, S.V. Insurance: textbook for bachelors / S.V. Ermasov, N.B. Ermasova. - 4th ed., reprint. and additional -Moscow: Urait, 2018. - 748 p.
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9. Loginov, I.P. Information model of suicidal behavior of adolescents / I.P. Loginov, E.V. Solodkaya, S.Z. Savin // Topical issues of prevention, diagnosis, therapy and rehabilitation of mental disorders: collection of articles. - Barnaul. - 2014. -Pp. 168-172.
10. Special psychology: Textbook for students of teacher training institutions / V.I. Lubovsky, T.V. Rozanova, L.I. Solntseva and others / Edited by V.I. Lubovsky. - 2nd ed., rev. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2019. - 244 p.
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19. Tkachenko, O.I. Actual problems of children and adolescents. Collection of scientific articles for the 85th anniversary of FESMU / O.I. Tkachenko, E.V. Geiker. - Khabarovsk. - 2015. - P. 40-45.
Psychology
UDC 159.9
postgraduate student of the faculty of psychology and pedagogy Zhang Chao
Smolensk State University (Smolensk)
STRATEGIC PRIORITIES OF COORDINATING THE INTERESTS OF THE STATE AND INSURANCE IN THE MANIFESTATION OF NON-PSYCHOTIC DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS IN ADOLESCENTS
Annotation. The article reflects the peculiarities of the study of the development of strategic priorities for the coordination of the interests of the state and financial risks insurance in the manifestation of non-psychotic depressive disorders in adolescents. Due to the violation of normal communication, a child with hearing and intellectual disabilities has significant difficulties with the assimilation of social experience. And the significant cognitive material that is acquired by a hearing child spontaneously, naturally and relatively easily is given to them under the special training and considerable volitional efforts. Memory ensures the continuity of a person's mental life by the fact that he constantly remains himself internally, accumulating all kinds of knowledge and all kinds of forms of learning. It is based on the brain's ability to retain traces of external influences (as well as influences coming from inside the body). We can remember what happened a minute ago, yesterday's events, and almost everything that we learned (or what happened to us) in the distant past. In primary school age, memory is one of the main, key mental functions, depending on which all other functions are built. The purpose of this study is to determine strategic priorities for coordinating the interests of the state and insuring financial risks for families of adolescents with hearing and developmental disabilities. The relevance and novelty of the research is determined by the need to consider the topic under study and the unprecedented impact of researching the theoretical aspects of the study of the stability of the national insurance system in the conditions of transformations of financial risk insurance on the subject under study. We carried out this work using such methods of scientific research as observation, statistical grouping, system analysis, synthesis, generalization and comparison. The results obtained in the course of the study clearly indicate global trends in the research of strategic priorities for coordinating the interests of the state and financial risk insurance in the modern healthcare system.
Key words: medical insurance, financial risks, healthcare system, memory impairment and intellectual disability, adolescents, strategic priorities.
Аннотация. В статье получило свое отражение особенности исследования развития стратегических приоритетов согласования интересов государства и страхования финансовых рисков при непсихотических депрессивных расстройств у подростков. Из-за нарушения нормального общения с миром слышащих, усвоение социального опыта ребенком с нарушениями слуха и интеллекта существенно затруднено, и тот значительный познавательный материал, который приобретается слышащим ребенком спонтанно, естественно и относительно легко, им дается при условии специального обучения и значительных волевых стараний. Память обеспечивает непрерывность психической жизни человека то, что он постоянно остается внутренне самим собой, накапливание им всех видов знаний, всевозможные формы обучения. Она основана на свойстве мозга удерживать следы внешних воздействий.
Ключевые слова: медицинское страхование, финансовые риски, система, стратегические приоритеты.
Introduction. Currently, the healthcare system is one of the unstable financial entities. Depending on the fulfillment of its obligations prescribed in the regulatory framework of the Russian Federation, this entity is also exposed to certain financial and economic risks. In the conditions of the rapidly developing economy of the Russian Federation, the issue of financial risk insurance for families of adolescents with hearing and intellectual disabilities is becoming the most acute. Hence, we need to protect the property interests of an economic entity in an insurance organization, namely from the occurrence of insured events and to take measures to minimize the likelihood of negative and zero results of financial risks. The subject area of scientific research is the consideration of the features of studying the strategic priorities of coordinating the interests of the state and financial risk insurance in the conditions of transformations at the regional and federal levels. The key problems of the study are the lack of knowledge of the possibility of using strategic priorities to coordinate the interests of the state and financial risk insurance in the conditions of transformations of the regional sphere. Next, we describe the sections of this study: Consideration of strategic priorities for coordinating the interests of the state and insuring financial risks in the region. Discussion of the results obtained in the context of published secondary data and literature on this research topic. We indicated the practical significance of the research and the results obtained on the chosen topic. In turn, it is worth noting that conducting thorough and uncompromising control over the activities of the economic and financial sphere of the healthcare system also reduces the likelihood of losing financial resources as the main result when financial risk occurs. In this regard, the importance of the existing internal control mechanism also increases as one of the key factors reflecting the state of financial resource management of the healthcare system, as well as ensuring the protection of legitimate and property interests, rights of insurers and policyholders [1-19].
Presentation of the main material of the article. The subject of the study is a system of measures aimed at researching the theoretical aspects of the study of the strategic priorities sustainability of the coordination of the state interests and financial risks insurance of families of adolescents with non-psychotic depressive disorders. In the course of the research, we used such general scientific and research tools as a systematic approach, methods of induction and synthesis, dialectical, system-functional, comparative analysis, private methods of economic sciences. The methodological apparatus of this study is the research of theoretical aspects of the study of the sustainability of strategic priorities of the coordination of the interests of the state and financial risks insurance of families of adolescents with non-psychotic depressive disorders.
The insurance considers the specifics and features of financial risk insurance of the Russian Federation. We should note the classification of financial risks that are subject to insurance and the conclusion of the contract, respectively (Fig. 1):
