CC BY
7Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences 11 (2011 4) 1553-1576
УДК 316.622
Specific Character of Modern Interethnic Relations in Krasnoyarsk Territory as Per Associative Experiment
Galina V. Kivkutsan*
Siberian Federal University 79 Svobodny, Krasnoyarsk, 660041 Russia 1
Received 15.03.2011, received in revised form 17.06.2011, accepted 10.10.2011
Ethnocultural space of Krasnoyarsk territory is an urgent subject for research nowadays. According to the criteria of conflict, ethnology and sociology theory Krasnoyarsk territory has been both a centre of strained interethnic relations and a specific interethnic conglomerate. Thus, the study of ethnicity phenomenon in Krasnoyarsk territory is one of the most important tasks of applied cultural research. The research objectives are to detect an interethnic relations dominant type on the basis of specificity of ethnocultural space of Krasnoyarsk territory (while applying associative experiment method) and to model possible ways of conflict settlement. The research has resulted in the relevant conclusion that interethnic relations in the territory have a set of features peculiar to this territory. That has led to a hypothesis about a possible interethnic conflicts settlement in case of their threat. The research uniqueness is stated through both a particular practical orientation of the research and experimental application ofnew forms of the developed methods into the sphere of cultural research. A considerable attention has been paid to a complex approach to a definite problem. Associative experiment is considered to be the most effective method of detection and research of such a cultural phenomenon as ethnic stereotype. It is proved by the specificity of the method initially applied in psychology.
Keywords: associative experiment, applied cultural research, interethnic relations, Krasnoyarsk territory.
The work is carried out with the financial support of the federal purpose oriented program «Scientific and scientific-pedagogic staff in innovative Russia for 2009-2013».
Introduction
Detection of reasons leading to conflicts connected with ethnic self-identification as well as the main features and peculiarities of interethnic conflicts in Krasnoyarsk territory present rather a widespread problem nowadays. The preferable method of the research introduced in this article is considered to be an associative experiment method. Such an experimental approach enables
* Corresponding author E-mail address: [email protected] 1 © Siberian Federal University. All rights reserved
to analyze social identity in the context of real social interaction between people. An associative experiment can be applied to the research of social stereotypes content and mechanisms of its transformation. It ideally facilitates the research of ethnic stereotypes nature. It also makes it possible to identify associative norms for a cultural phenomenon under study, to define a set of main concepts that has become its symbols
- 1553 -
in people's mind. Moreover, it highlights both respondents' individual differences and socio-cultural differences between groups of people (depending on the experiment's objectives). Linguistic meanings as certain codes for cognitive structures quite easily represent deep conceptual meanings of a cultural phenomenon of our interest.
Compatibility of the research method and its objectives should be also noted. An associative experiment reveals verbal reactions having unconscious stereotype nature that has turned into a certain standard of perception and behaviour. Into a considerable extent this is up to the research aims focused upon the concept of ethnic stereotype as the main reason of conflict relations between ethnic groups.
Word systems are regarded to be the object of the research while psychological regularities of their display are viewed as its subject. The results make it possible to draw a conclusion concerning the regularities of thought and retrace its logic, i.e. understand the scheme of conflict formation in ethnocultural space.
Experiment description
The central concept under research is ethnicity understood in the present article as a set of the norms of behaviour or socio-normative culture supported by certain circles of inner ethnic informational structure. In other words, it is intragroup norms of behaviour that determine ethnic identity. In this case, first and foremost, ethnic groups differ in the characteristics that underlie the self-consciousness and are considered to be meaningful for the members of the group. Thus, the present research treats ethnicity as a form of social organisation of cultural differences.
The concept of interethnic conflict understood as a peculiar form of interethnic relations was mainly developed in the light of its typical features. Among the main features
are the following ones: integrated and complex character, high tension of emotions, irrational thinking display, high mobilization, mass and "chronic" character.
Interethnic conflict reasons were under study for a more thorough understanding of its nature. The following conclusion was drawn: such basic concepts as ethnocentrism and ethnic stereotype are the basis of any interethnic conflict. An ethnic stereotype here means a simplified, schematized, very often distorted ordinary view on some social object. A psychological role of a stereotype consists in the possibility of a quick and stereotyped reaction to an object in changing circumstances.
On the basis of theoretical construct an associative experiment was held. It was focused upon detection of a specific character of ethno-cultural space in Krasnoyarsk territory and held in compliance with a generally accepted scheme when a person under experiment has to respond to a word-stimulus with the words that have come to his mind first.
The individuals under experiment were the citizens of Krasnoyarsk territory, mainly Krasnoyarsk territory high school students and graduates, at the age of 20-35years old. According to the scholars' forecasts, this age group will determine linguistic, spiritual and material life of our society within the nearest thirty years. The total number of individuals under experiment was 70 (48 males and 22 females). 54 individuals identified themselves as the Russians, 16 individuals considered themselves related to other ethnic groups.
As for the word-stimulus, it would have been logical to choose the word 'ethnicity' as it represents the subject of the research. But the problem in this case is the following: this concept can be interpreted by the respondents in a very abstract way and their responses won't reveal a specific character of their attitude to
other ethnic groups that inhabit Krasnoyarsk territory. With 'ethnicity' word-stimulus it is extremely difficult to obtain the associations that can disclose the subject of an individual attitude to other ethnic groups. Moreover, the definition of the word-stimulus can sound too complicated and its true direct meaning can be interpreted differently. Interethnic relations are a very complex, multistructured cultural phenomenon. It's extremely difficult to present its structure on the basis of theoretical definitions of basic concepts. However there is a possibility to detect some structural connections regarding them in the light of several points of view. To show a specific character of a phenomenon it is more logical to refer to its particular forms rather than to its generalized external features. For this it was decided to examine the ethnocultural space of Krasnoyarsk territory through its "atomic" characteristics. To understand a complex structure of a system it is necessary to reveal connections between its simple elements. Instead of a single word-stimulus 'ethnicity' a whole list of ethnic groups that inhabit the territory was offered, i.e. the individuals under the experiment were offered 71 words-stimuli, each naming an ethnic group in Krasnoyarsk territory ('the Russians', 'the Tatars', 'the Tajiks', 'the Khakasses', etc.). These words can provide a more complete and at the same time less generalized coverage of ethnic space. They also make it possible to reveal its specific character. It's important to mention that the word-stimuli are solely nouns. This part of speech represents the concepts as a whole in comparison with adjectives representing the concepts as combinations of features. Nouns have a function of a choice of a certain phenomenon type. They contain numerous features while adjectives nominate a single feature.
Owing to a detailed and precise gradation of ethnic groups, presented in the list, the conclusion about specificity of the territory inhabitants'
attitude to ethnicity phenomenon can be drawn. It can be understood on the basis of their reaction to ethnic groups variety. The list of words-stimuli is presented so that it doesn't preliminarily convey any emotional and evaluative meaning and consequently doesn't exert any extraneous influence on the respondents' reaction. To some extent this guarantees an objective character of the experiment, excluding a subjective and often unconscious influence of a researcher upon the results.
The first regularity, revealed in the course of an associative experiment results analysis, is the following: at average associations were given to a half of words-stimuli connected with 71 ethnic groups; the groups that didn't arouse any associations were almost the same. The list contains such ethnic groups as the Chuvashes, the Mordvinians, the Mari people, the Udmurts, the Ket people, the Avars, the Finns, the Kumiks, the Ingushes, the Dargins, the Nogai people, the Gagauzes, the Komi people, the Kalmyks, the Kabardinians, the Ezidi, the Tabasaran people, the Shorcy people, the Karelians, the Karachai people, the Talishi people, the Uigurs, the Kurds, the Rutulcy people, the Dungan people, the Enets people, the Tofalar people.
This gives the grounds to suppose that such realities don't exist in the mind of the majority of Krasnoyarsk territory inhabitants, that's why there aren't any responses.
At the next stage an associative field was defined for each word-stimulus. In this case it is regarded as projection of meaning, existing in the respondents' mind, that has been revealed in the course of an associative experiment. An associative field fully reveals the meaning of the word. It helps to understand a certain reality fragment the word materializes and reveal peculiarities of the attitude to this phenomenon as well as peculiarities of the word usage in a cultural context.
Then the associative fields were analyzed. First of all, the words named by the respondents were ranged according to their usage frequency. As for the associations named by an individual or two, being accidental and determined by the respondents' individual features, they were not
analyzed further. Only associative responses, given not less than thrice, were subject to the analysis. A set of such associations has determined an associative norm of the object under research. It serves a key to an object sides that are most explicitly imprinted in the mind of a social group.
Associative reaction Number %
Tajiks poverty 24 16,8
Tajiks guest workers 24 16,8
Ukrainians pork fat 24 16,8
Azerbaijanians guest workers 23 16,1
Gipsies fortune-telling 22 15,4
Evenks deer 21 14,7
Altai people mountains 18 12,6
Tatars yoke 18 12,6
Japanese anime 17 11,9
Buryats Baikal 17 11,9
Russians vodka 17 11,9
Chinese Krasnoyarsk heat and power plant area 17 11,9
Estonians slowness 17 11,9
Gipsies drugs 17 11,9
Germans Nazism 17 11,9
Chechens aggression 16 11,2
Tajiks Krasnoyarsk heat and power plant area 16 11,2
Tajiks dirt 15 10,5
Russian s hospitality 14 9,8
Gipsies selling drugs 14 9,8
Khakasses steppes 13 9,1
Ukrainians borsch 12 8,4
Germans restraint 12 8,4
Buryats Buddhism 11 7,7
Chechens war 11 7,7
Gipsies nomads 11 7,7
Azerbaijanians Krasnoyarsk heat and power plant area 11 7,7
Tajiks Poverty 11 7,7
Chinese market 11 7,7
Tuva people shaman 11 7,7
Germans Great patriotic war 10 7
Germans Hitler 10 7
Japanese earthquake 10 7
Ukrainians Cossacks 10 7
Lezghins lezghinka 10 7
Yakuts frost 10 7
Azerbaijanians poverty 10 7
Azerbaijanians market 10 7
Lezghins sailors of the Baltic Fleet 9 6,3
Selkup people tambourines 9 6,3
Vietnamese war 9 6,3
Tuva people deep-throat singing 9 6,3
Tatars the Golden Horde 9 6,3
Tajiks Islam 9 6,3
Altai people horses 9 6,3
Altai people honey 9 6,3
Russians bears 9 6,3
Tajiks large families 9 6,3
Evenks north 9 6,3
Tuva people steppes 9 6,3
Evenks tent of skin 9 6,3
Yakuts shamanism 9 6,3
Altai people shamanism 9 6,3
Tuva people yurta 9 6,3
Tuva people yurta 9 6,3
Georgians oranges 8 5,6
Georgians nobleness 8 5,6
Byelorussians brothers 8 5,6
Georgians wine 8 5,6
Ossetians soldiers 8 5,6
Yakuts deep-throat singing 8 5,6
Uzbeks dirt 8 5,6
Russian s friendliness 8 5,6
Chechens cruelty 8 5,6
Azerbaijanians Islam 8 5,6
Tuva people horses 8 5,6
- 1556 -
Chinese numerous in number 8 5,6
Russian s frost 8 5,6
Germans Nazis 8 5,6
Khanty deer 8 5,6
Germans order 8 5,6
Azerbaijanians visitors 8 5,6
Russian s openheartedness 8 5,6
Japanese robots 8 5,6
Georgians market 8 5,6
Russian s power 8 5,6
Gipsies Gypsy band 8 5,6
Ukrainians Ukrainians 8 5,6
Khakasses yurtas 8 5,6
Byelorussians birches 7 4,9
Tuva people Buddhists 7 4,9
Vietnamese the military 7 4,9
Chechens bellicosity 7 4,9
Ossetians War 7 4,9
Ukrainians dialect 7 4,9
Khakasses deep-throat singing 7 4,9
Gipsies dirt 7 4,9
Americans money 7 4,9
Romanians Dracula 7 4,9
Tuva people endangered 7 4,9
Azerbaijanians Caucasus 7 4,9
Americans Coca-Cola 7 4,9
Tuva people hemp 7 4,9
Georgians lezghinka 7 4,9
Koreans carrot 7 4,9
Russians we 7 4,9
Georgians nose 7 4,9
Letts the Balts 7 4,9
Armenians visitors 7 4,9
Russians Siberia 7 4,9
Russians the Slavs 7 4,9
Japanese sushi 7 4,9
Chechens acts of terror 7 4,9
Khanty cold weather 7 4,9
Evenks shamanism 7 4,9
Americans American flag 6 4,2
Letts Aryans 6 4,2
Gipsies Baron 6 4,2
Altai people Belokurikha 6 4,2
Lithuanians blonds 6 4,2
Khakasses wind 6 4,2
Bulgarians wine 6 4,2
Tajiks hospitality 6 4,2
Kazakhs dirt 6 4,2
Tajiks cheap hands 6 4,2
Americans jeans 6 4,2
Russians cordiality 6 4,2
Tartars greediness 6 4,2
Greeks history 6 4,2
Yakuts the endangered 6 4,2
Ossetians Caucasus 6 4,2
Tatars Kazan 6 4,2
Gipsies cards 6 4,2
Japanese catastrophe 6 4,2
Poles Catholicism 6 4,2
Karelians forest 6 4,2
Germans hypocrisy 6 4,2
Byelorussians Lukashenko 6 4,2
Gipsies bear 6 4,2
Azerbaijanians revenge 6 4,2
Алтайцы mummy 6 4,2
Azerbaijanians Muslims 6 4,2
Tatars The Muslim religion 6 4,2
Buryats poverty 6 4,2
Nenets people deer 6 4,2
Russians frankness 6 4,2
Gipsies songs 6 4,2
Chinese pesticides 6 4,2
Chinese fertility 6 4,2
Gipsies beggars 6 4,2
Estonians the Balts 6 4,2
Tajiks Bothersome 6 4,2
Tajiks builders 6 4,2
Japanese cherry tree 6 4,2
Selkup people north 6 4,2
Khakasses steppes 6 4,2
Russians fortitude 6 4,2
Tajiks construction 6 4,2
Evenks taiga 6 4,2
Armenians temperament 6 4,2
Ossetians terror 6 4,2
Gipsies trade 6 4,2
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Evenks cold weather 6 4,2
Ukrainians homestead 6 4,2
Azerbaijanians wogs 6 4,2
Selkup people shamanism 6 4,2
Russians humor 6 4,2
Armenians humor 6 4,2
Yakuts the Asians 5 3,5
Poles аarchitecture 5 3,5
Altai people birch bark yurta 5 3,5
Tajiks senselessness 5 3,5
Kazakhs gaiety 5 3,5
Moldavians wine 5 3,5
Greeks wine 5 3,5
Armenians grapes 5 3,5
Chechens military acts 5 3,5
Japanese soldiers 5 3,5
Finns soldiers 5 3,5
Nganasan people extinct 5 3,5
Japanese high-technology 5 3,5
Gipsies guitar 5 3,5
Russians pride 5 3,5
Ossetians pride 5 3,5
Azerbaijanians Dagestan 5 3,5
Gipsies journey 5 3,5
Kazakhs malice 5 3,5
Chinese yin & yan 5 3,5
Armenians sincerity 5 3,5
Nenets people Catholics 5 3,5
Khakasses horse 5 3,5
Armenians cognac 5 3,5
Uzbeks costumes 5 3,5
Armenians blood 5 3,5
Buryats koumiss 5 3,5
Chinese noodles 5 3,5
Ossetians lezghinka 5 3,5
Letts hypocrisy 5 3,5
Poles Poles 5 3,5
Tuva people mafia 5 3,5
Byelorussians Minsk 5 3,5
Koreans numerous 5 3,5
Japanese sea food 5 3,5
Armenians obtrusiveness 5 3,5
Letts Nazis 5 3,5
Russians uncultured 5 3,5
Gipsies lies 5 3,5
Dolgans deer 5 3,5
Komi people Deer 5 3,5
Dolgans deer 5 3,5
Germans beer 5 3,5
Uzbeks pilaff 5 3,5
Koreans spirit of enterprise 5 3,5
Russians simplicity 5 3,5
Finns sauna 5 3,5
Khakasses Sayan Ring 5 3,5
Dolgans north 5 3,5
Dolgans north 5 3,5
Byelorussians the Slavs 5 3,5
Russians keenness of wit 5 3,5
Koreans dog 5 3,5
Lezghins dance 5 3,5
Japanese machinery 5 3,5
Japanese technology 5 3,5
Koreans trade 5 3,5
Chinese Workaholics 5 3,5
Mansi people tundra 5 3,5
Khanty high fur boots 5 3,5
Russians cold weather 5 3,5
Russians church 5 3,5
Romanians Gipsies 5 3,5
Ukrainians forelocks 5 3,5
Khakasses shamanism 5 3,5
Georgians shish kebab (shashlik) 5 3,5
Khakasses Shira lake 5 3,5
Chinese mass-produced items 5 3,5
Gipsies skirts 5 3,5
Letts Yurmala 5 3,5
Nenets people yurta 5 3,5
Mansi people yurta 5 3,5
Byelorussians apples 5 3,5
Gipsies bright costumes 5 3,5
Khakasses Abakan 4 2,8
Gipsies aggression 4 2,8
Buryats the Asians 4 2,8
Yakuts diamonds 4 2,8
Lithuanians basketball 4 2,8
Germans unemotional 4 2,8
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Chechens homeless 4 2,S
Khanty biathlon 4 2,S
Tuva people rich and virgin nature 4 2,S
Vietnamese bikes 4 2,S
Gipsies faithfulness to family 4 2,S
Moldavians wine 4 2,S
Germans soldiers 4 2,S
Vietnamese soldiers 4 2,S
Tajiks east 4 2,S
Circassians heroism 4 2,S
Lezghins pride 4 2,S
Georgians pride 4 2,S
Chechens grief 4 2,S
Georgians mountains 4 2,S
Armenians mountains 4 2,S
Serbians mountains 4 2,S
Greeks Greek myths 4 2,S
Chinese gift 4 2,S
Koreans low prices 4 2,S
Chinese dragon 4 2,S
Chinese antiquity 4 2,S
Germans Dresden 4 2,S
Kazakhs friendliness 4 2,S
Tuva people the Yenisey 4 2,S
Russians European type 4 2,S
Koreans yellow 4 2,S
Germans firmness 4 2,S
Kazakhs gaiety 4 2,S
Tuva people mysteriousness 4 2,S
Gipsies closed 4 2,S
Altai people stagnation 4 2,S
Armenians ironic 4 2,S
Lezghins donkeys 4 2,S
Kazakhs Kazakhstan 4 2,S
Georgians caps 4 2,S
Lezghins daggers 4 2,S
Koreans Korean carrot 4 2,S
Circassians beauties 4 2,S
Ukrainians Pretty girls 4 2,S
Azerbaijanians Blood 4 2,S
Greeks Large noses 4 2,S
Buryats lamaists 4 2,S
Buryats horses 4 2,S
Nenets not numerous 4 2,S
Greeks olives 4 2,S
Armenians revenge 4 2,S
Circassians dagger 4 2,S
Americans rulers of the world 4 2,S
Koreans laminaria 4 2,S
Kazakhs meat 4 2,S
Estonians Nazis 4 2,S
Russians illogicality 4 2,S
Vietnamese poor 4 2,S
Byelorussians vegetable garden 4 2,S
Finns lakes 4 2,S
Karelians lakes 4 2,S
Mansi people deer 4 2,S
Nenets people deer 4 2,S
Chechens danger 4 2,S
Vietnamese weapon 4 2,S
Estonians character peculiarities 4 2,S
Evenks hunting 4 2,S
Chinese pagoda 4 2,S
Uzbeks shepherds 4 2,S
Germans pedantry 4 2,S
Poles Poland 4 2,S
Americans pop-culture 4 2,S
Georgians holiday 4 2,S
Lithuanians the Balts 4 2,S
Greeks profile 4 2,S
Kazakhs j°y 4 2,S
Kazakhs jealous 4 2,S
Germans harsh 4 2,S
Romanians Romania 4 2,S
Gipsies freedom 4 2,S
Tuva people north 4 2,S
Altai people Siberia 4 2,S
Russians with a strong mind 4 2,S
Moldavians swarthy 4 2,S
Circassians battles 4 2,S
Americans supermarket 4 2,S
Russians stern 4 2,S
Armenians taxi-drivers 4 2,S
Lezghins dances 4 2,S
Azerbaijanians temperament 4 2,S
Armenians temperament 4 2,S
1559 -
Chinese hucksters 4 2,8
Azerbaijanians deal in 4 2,8
Altai people medicinal herbs 4 2,8
Koreans diligence 4 2,8
Tajiks skullcap 4 2,8
Americans fast food 4 2,8
Azerbaijanians fruit 4 2,8
Mordvins slyness 4 2,8
Tatars sly 4 2,8
Khakasses tea with butter 4 2,8
Evenks Chukchi 4 2,8
Nenets people shamanism 4 2,8
Buryats shamans 4 2,8
Khanty yurta 4 2,8
Evenks yurta 4 2,8
Komi people yurta 4 2,8
Japanese Japanese garden 4 2,8
Germans cars 3 2,1
Americans greed 3 2,1
Selkup people animism 3 2,1
Armenians artistry 3 2,1
Evenks senselessness 3 2,1
Lithuanians paleness 3 2,1
Greeks gods 3 2,1
Chinese rich history 3 2,1
Serbians brotherhood 3 2,1
Chinese Buddhist temple 3 2,1
Bulgarians Bulgarians 3 2,1
Ukrainians wine 3 2,1
Tajiks soldiers 3 2,1
Koreans stinking 3 2,1
Tatars malicious 3 2,1
Estonians arrogance 3 2,1
Vietnamese war in Vietnam 3 2,1
Russians deep roots 3 2,1
Ukrainians Gogol 3 2,1
Japanese megalopolis-cities 3 2,1
Georgians mountain dwellers 3 2,1
Tuva people mountains 3 2,1
Chechens robbers 3 2,1
Ossetians Georgia 3 2,1
Avars Dagestan 3 2,1
Azerbaijanians degradation 3 2,1
Altai people village 3 2,1
Tajiks children of mountains 3 2,1
Vietnamese jungles 3 2,1
Evenks barbaric 3 2,1
Greeks ancient Greek ceramics 3 2,1
Japanese ancient culture 3 2,1
Bulgarians friendship 3 2,1
Koreans tough character 3 2,1
Azerbaijanians sun tan 3 2,1
Azerbaijanians Transcaucasia 3 2,1
Bulgarians west 3 2,1
Uzbeks agriculture 3 2,1
Gipsies gold 3 2,1
Vietnamese inventiveness 3 2,1
Bulgarians Indo-Europeans 3 2,1
Russians intelligentsia 3 2,1
Lezghins Caucasians 3 2,1
Koreans segregation 3 2,1
Armenians flat 3 2,1
Bulgarians Catholic church 3 2,1
Altai people Katun 3 2,1
Japanese kimono 3 2,1
Evenks aboriginal smaller peoples 3 2,1
Nganasan people aboriginal smaller peoples 3 2,1
Selkup people aboriginal smaller peoples 3 2,1
Vietnamese communism 3 2,1
Tuva people nomads 3 2,1
Tuva people nomad's camp 3 2,1
Circassians handsome men 3 2,1
Serbians blood 3 2,1
Germans painstaking and slow 3 2,1
Greeks cultures 3 2,1
Koreans astounding cuisine 3 2,1
Koreans noodle 3 2,1
Estonians hypocrisy 3 2,1
Ukrainians Lukashenko 3 2,1
Enets people not numerous 3 2,1
Germans metal 3 2,1
Russians courage 3 2,1
Bashkirs the Muslim religion 3 2,1
1560 -
Armenians forcefulness 3 2,1
Koreans insects 3 2,1
Lithuanians Nazis 3 2,1
Yakuts non-adapted 3 2,1
Nenets people not numerous 3 2,1
Russians oil 3 2,1
Ukrainians Oil 3 2,1
Khanty oil 3 2,1
Georgians sheep 3 2,1
Ukrainians living in outskirts of Russia 3 2,1
Mari people deer 3 2,1
Greeks Olympus 3 2,1
Buryats Olkhon 3 2,1
Japanese self-discipline 3 2,1
Ossetians posture 3 2,1
Georgians foolhardiness 3 2,1
Yakuts hunting 3 2,1
Lezghins shepherds 3 2,1
Tuva people shepherds 3 2,1
Byelorussians 'Pesnyary' pop-group 3 2,1
Estonians meanness 3 2,1
Finns Protestants 3 2,1
Georgians pears 3 2,1
Ukrainians uninhibited 3 2,1
Russians Slavic Neopaganism 3 2,1
Armenians luxury 3 2,1
Tatars swearwords 3 2,1
Ukrainians rushnik-towel 3 2,1
Buryats fish 3 2,1
Tatars red-haired 3 2,1
Ukrainians sarafans 3 2,1
Udmurts north 3 2,1
Ket people north 3 2,1
Vietnamese force 3 2,1
Russians fairy-tale 3 2,1
Poles the Slavs 3 2,1
Azerbaijanians sun 3 2,1
Chinese gregarious instinct 3 2,1
Tatars steppe 3 2,1
Kazakhs steppe 3 2,1
Germans strictness 3 2,1
Japanese Toyota 3 2,1
Khakasses Talgan 3 2,1
Ossetians dances 3 2,1
Armenians tolerant 3 2,1
Buryats grass 3 2,1
Uzbeks skull-cap 3 2,1
Americans smiling 3 2,1
Ukrainians moustache 3 2,1
Finns Finland 3 2,1
Estonians flag 3 2,1
Ukrainians folkloricness 3 2,1
Romanians fruit 3 2,1
Tatars character 3 2,1
Koreans slyness 3 2,1
Azerbaijanians slyness 3 2,1
Ket people cold weather 3 2,1
Chinese tea 3 2,1
Dolgans Chukchi 3 2,1
Komi people shamanism 3 2,1
Dolgans Shamanism 3 2,1
Nganasan people Shamanism 3 2,1
Komi-Permyak people shamanism 3 2,1
Khanty shamanists 3 2,1
Enets people Shamanists 3 2,1
Mansi people shamanists 3 2,1
Koreans silk 3 2,1
Russians Generous nature 3 2,1
Letts sprats 3 2,1
Moldavians plasterers 3 2,1
Kazakhs yurta 3 2,1
Japanese Japanese painting (graphic arts) 3 2,1
Gipsies bright 3 2,1
Further the obtained data were subject to a frequency and logical-and-inductive analysis. As a result, several semantic groups were distinguished
and two specific classifications were worked out. On the basis of the meaning of an associative field of each word 3 main groups were distinguished.
The first group contains associations connected ethnic group (traits of character, peculiarities of with certain value features of one or another behaviour).
Associative reaction Number %
Estonians slowness 17 11,9
Chechens aggression 16 11,2
Russians hospitality 14 9,8
Germans restraint 12 8,4
Chechens war 11 7,7
Vietnamese war 9 6,3
Georgians nobleness 8 5,6
Byelorussians brothers 8 5,6
Ossetians soldiers 8 5,6
Russians friendliness 8 5,6
Chechens cruelty 8 5,6
Russians simple-heartedness 8 5,6
Russians power 8 5,6
Chechens warlike character 7 4,9
Ukrainians sound of talking 7 4,9
Tajiks hospital 6 4,2
Russians amiability 6 4,2
Tatars greed 6 4,2
Germans hypocrisy 6 4,2
Azerbaijanians revenge 6 4,2
Russians open-hearted 6 4,2
Chinese fertility 6 4,2
Tajiks bothersome 6 4,2
Russians firmness 6 4,2
Armenians temperament 6 4,2
Russians humor 6 4,2
Armenians humor 6 4,2
Tajiks senselessness 5 3,5
Kazakhs gaiety 5 3,5
Japanese soldiers 5 3,5
Finns soldiers 5 3,5
Russians pride 5 3,5
Ossetians pride 5 3,5
Kazakhs malice 5 3,5
Armenians sincerity 5 3,5
Letts hypocrisy 5 3,5
Armenians obtrusiveness 5 3,5
Russians bad manners 5 3,5
Gipsies fraud 5 3,5
Koreans spirit of enterprise 5 3,5
Russians simplicity 5 3,5
Russians keenness of wit 5 3,5
Germans unemotional 4 2,8
Gipsies faithfulness to a family 4 2,8
Germans soldiers 4 2,8
Vietnamese soldiers 4 2,8
Circassians heroism 4 2,8
Lezghins pride 4 2,8
Georgians pride 4 2,8
Kazakhs friendliness 4 2,8
Germans tough character 4 2,8
Kazakhs cheerfulness 4 2,8
Tuva people mysteriousness 4 2,8
Gipsies closed 4 2,8
Armenians irony 4 2,8
Lezghins donkeys 4 2,8
Armenians revenge 4 2,8
Russians illogicality 4 2,8
Estonians character peculiarities 4 2,8
Germans pedantry 4 2,8
Kazakhs joy 4 2,8
Kazakhs jealous 4 2,8
Germans harsh 4 2,8
Russians strong-willed 4 2,8
Russians severe 4 2,8
Azerbaijanians temperament 4 2,8
Armenians full of energy 4 2,8
Koreans diligence 4 2,8
Mordvinians slyness 4 2,8
Tatars sly 4 2,8
Gipsies aggression 4 2,8
Altai people stagnation 4 2,8
Circassians beauties 4 2,8
Ukrainians pretty girls 4 2,8
Moldavians swarthy 4 2,8
Evenks senselessness 3 2,1
Serbs brotherhood 3 2,1
- 1562 -
Tajiks soldiers 3 2,1
Tatars malicious 3 2,1
Estonians arrogance 3 2,1
Chechens robbers 3 2,1
Azerbaijanians degradation 3 2,1
Bulgarians friendship 3 2,1
Koreans firmness 3 2,1
Vietnamese inventiveness 3 2,1
Germans painstaking and slow 3 2,1
Estonians hypocrisy 3 2,1
Russians courage 3 2,1
Armenians Forcefulness 3 2,1
Yakuts non-adapted 3 2,1
Japanese self-discipline 3 2,1
Georgians foolhardiness 3 2,1
Estonians meanness 3 2,1
Ukrainians uninhibited 3 2,1
Chinese gregarious instinct 3 2,1
Germans strictness 3 2,1
Armenians tolerant 3 2,1
Americans smiling 3 2,1
Tatars character 3 2,1
Koreans slyness 3 2,1
Azerbaijanians slyness 3 2,1
Americans greed 3 2,1
Armenians artistic 3 2,1
Vietnamese power 3 2,1
Russians generous nature 3 2,1
This group also contains associations connected with covert symbols and famous people.
Associative reaction Number %
Russians vodka 17 11,9
Germans Hitler 10 7
Byelorussians birches 7 4,9
Americans money 7 4,9
Romanians Dracula 7 4,9
Americans coca-cola 7 4,9
Georgians nose 7 4,9
Americans American flag 6 4,2
Americans jeans 6 4,2
Byelorussians Lukashenko 6 4,2
Japanese Japanese cherry tree 6 4,2
Gipsies guitar 5 3,5
Chinese yin and yan 5 3,5
Armenians cognac 5 3,5
Chinese dragon 4 2,8
Georgians caps 4 2,8
Lezghins daggers 4 2,8
Circassians sword 4 2,8
Greeks profile 4 2,8
Tajiks skullcap 4 2,8
Ukrainians Lukashenko 3 2,1
Ukrainians Gogol 3 2,1
Gipsies gold 3 2,1
Byelorussians 'Pesnyary' pop-group 3 2,1
Japanese Toyota 3 2,1
Uzbeks skullcap 3 2,1
Ukrainians moustache 3 2,1
For convenience this group was designated as "value" associations.
As a result, it is clearly seen that the group is constituted by such ethnic groups as the Azerbaijanians, the Americans, the Georgians, the Kazakhs, the Koreans, the Germans, the
Russians, the Ukrainians, the Gipsies, the Chechens, the Estonians, the Japanese.
Theassociationsconnectedwithgeographical factors of location, climatic conditions and traditional cultural peculiarities of ethnic groups have turned out to be the most frequent:
Associative reaction Number %
Ukrainians pork fat 24 16,8
Evenks deer 21 14,7
Altai people mountains 18 12,6
Tatars yoke 18 12,6
Japanese anime 17 11,9
Buryats Baikal 17 11,9
Germans Nazism 17 11,9
Khakasses steppes 13 9,1
Lithuanians borsch 12 8,4
Tuva people shaman 11 7,7
Lithuanians Cossacks 10 7
Lezghins lezghinka 10 7
Yakuts frost 10 7
Selkup people tambourines 9 6,3
Tuva people deep-throat singing 9 6,3
Tatars The Golden Horde 9 6,3
Altai people horses 9 6,3
Evenks north 9 6,3
Tuva people steppes 9 6,3
Yakuts shamanism 9 6,3
Altai people shamanism 9 6,3
Tuva people yurta 9 6,3
Tuva people yurtas 9 6,3
Letts sailors of the Baltic Fleet 9 6,3
Russians bears 9 6,3
Evenks a tent of skin 9 6,3
Georgians oranges 8 5,6
Georgians wine 8 5,6
Yakuts deep-throat singing 8 5,6
Tuva people horses 8 5,6
Russians frost 8 5,6
Khantys deer 8 5,6
Khakasses yurtas 8 5,6
Japanese robots 8 5,6
Gipsies Gipsy band 8 5,6
Khakasses deep-throat singing 7 4,9
Azerbaijanians Caucasus 7 4,9
Georgians lezghinka 7 4,9
Koreans carrot 7 4,9
Letts the Balts 7 4,9
Russians Siberia 7 4,9
Russians the Slavs 7 4,9
Japanese sushi 7 4,9
Khantys frost 7 4,9
Evenks shamanism 7 4,9
Altai people Belokurikha 6 4,2
Khakasses wind 6 4,2
Bulgarians wine 6 4,2
Greeks history 6 4,2
Ossetians Caucasus 6 4,2
Tatars Kazan 6 4,2
Karelians forest 6 4,2
Altai people mummy 6 4,2
Nenets people deer 6 4,2
Gipsies songs 6 4,2
Chinese pesticides 6 4,2
Estonians the Balts 6 4,2
Selkup people north 6 4,2
Khakasses steppes 6 4,2
Evenks taiga 6 4,2
Evenks frost 6 4,2
Ukrainians homestead 6 4,2
Azerbaijanians wogs 6 4,2
Selkup people shamanism 6 4,2
Letts Aryans 6 4,2
Gipsies bear 6 4,2
Russians humour 6 4,2
Armenians humour 6 4,2
Yakuts the Asians 5 3,5
Poles architecture 5 3,5
Altai people yurta 5 3,5
Moldavians wine 5 3,5
Greeks wine 5 3,5
Armenians grape 5 3,5
Japanese high technology 5 3,5
Azerbaijanians Dagestan 5 3,5
Khakasses horse 5 3,5
Uzbeks costumes 5 3,5
Armenians blood 5 3,5
Buryats koumiss 5 3,5
Chinese noodle 5 3,5
Ossetians lezghinka 5 3,5
Poles the Poles 5 3,5
Byelorussians Minsk 5 3,5
- 1564 -
Japanese sea food 5 3,5
Dolgans deer 5 3,5
Komi people deer 5 3,5
Dolgans deer 5 3,5
Germans beer 5 3,5
Uzbeks pilaff 5 3,5
Finns sauna 5 3,5
Khakasses Sayan Ring 5 3,5
Dolgans north 5 3,5
Dolgans north 5 3,5
Byelorussians the Slavs 5 3,5
Lezghins dance 5 3,5
Japanese machinery 5 3,5
Japanese technologies 5 3,5
Mansi people tundra 5 3,5
Khantys high fur boots 5 3,5
Russians frost 5 3,5
Khakasses shamanism 5 3,5
Georgians shish kebab 5 3,5
Khakasses Shira Lake 5 3,5
Letts Yurmala 5 3,5
Nenets people yurta 5 3,5
Mansi people yurta 5 3,5
Byelorussians apples 5 3,5
Gypsies bright costumes 5 3,5
Koreans dog 5 3,5
Ukrainians forelocks 5 3,5
Gypsies skirts 5 3,5
Khakasses Abakan 4 2,S
Buryats the Asians 4 2,S
Yakuts diamonds 4 2,S
Lithuanians basketball 4 2,S
Khantys biathlon 4 2,S
Tuva people rich virgin nature 4 2,S
Vietnamese bikes 4 2,S
Moldavians wine 4 2,S
Tajiks east 4 2,S
Georgians mountains 4 2,S
Armenians Mountains 4 2,S
Serbians mountains 4 2,S
Greeks Greek myths 4 2,S
Chinese Dao 4 2,S
Chinese antiquity 4 2,S
Germans Dresden 4 2,S
Tuva people Yenisey 4 2,S
Russians European type 4 2,S
Kazakhs Kazakhstan 4 2,S
Koreans Korean carrots 4 2,S
Azerbaijanians blood 4 2,S
Greeks large noses 4 2,S
Buryats horses 4 2,S
Greeks olives 4 2,S
Koreans laminaria 4 2,S
Kazakhs meat 4 2,S
Byelorussians vegetable gardens 4 2,S
Finns lakes 4 2,S
Karelians lakes 4 2,S
Mansi people deer 4 2,S
Nenets people deer 4 2,S
Evenks hunting 4 2,S
Chinese pagoda 4 2,S
Poles Poland 4 2,S
Letts the Balts 4 2,S
Romanians Romania 4 2,S
Tuva people north 4 2,S
Altai people Siberia 4 2,S
Lezghins dances 4 2,S
Altai people medical herb 4 2,S
Azerbaijanians fruit 4 2,S
Khakasses tea with butter 4 2,S
Evenks Chukchi 4 2,S
Nenets shamanism 4 2,S
Buryats shaman 4 2,S
Khantys yurta 4 2,S
Evenks yurta 4 2,S
Komi people yurta 4 2,S
Japanese Japanese garden 4 2,S
Americans pop-culture 4 2,S
Americans supermarket 4 2,S
Germans cars 3 2,1
Greeks gods 3 2,1
Chinese long history 3 2,1
Ukrainians wine 3 2,1
Georgians mountain dwellers 3 2,1
Tuva people mountains 3 2,1
Ossetians Georgia 3 2,1
Avars Dagestan 3 2,1
Altai people village 3 2,1
1565 -
Tajiks children of mountains 3 2,1
Vietnamese jungles 3 2,1
Greeks ancient Greek ceramics 3 2,1
Japanese ancient culture 3 2,1
Azerbaijanians Transcaucasia 3 2,1
Bulgarians west 3 2,1
Bulgarians Indo-Europeans 3 2,1
Lezghins Caucasians 3 2,1
Koreans segregation 3 2,1
Altai people Katun 3 2,1
Japanese kimono 3 2,1
Vietnamese communism 3 2,1
Tuva people nomad's camp 3 2,1
Serbians blood 3 2,1
Greeks cultures 3 2,1
Koreans cuisine 3 2,1
Koreans noodle 3 2,1
Germans metal 3 2,1
Koreans insects 3 2,1
Russians oil 3 2,1
Ukrainians oil 3 2,1
Khantys oil 3 2,1
Georgians deer 3 2,1
Ukrainians living in outskirts of Russia 3 2,1
Mari people deer 3 2,1
Greeks Olympus 3 2,1
Buryats Olkhon 3 2,1
Yakuts hunting 3 2,1
Ukrainians towel 3 2,1
Buryats fish 3 2,1
Ukrainians sarafans 3 2,1
Udmurts north 3 2,1
Ket people north 3 2,1
Poles the Slavs 3 2,1
Azerbaijanians the sun 3 2,1
Tatars steppe 3 2,1
Kazakhs steppe 3 2,1
Khakasses talgan 3 2,1
Ossetians dances 3 2,1
Buryats grass 3 2,1
Finns Finland 3 2,1
Romanians fruit 3 2,1
Ket people cold weather 3 2,1
Chinese tea 3 2,1
Dolgans Chukchi 3 2,1
Komi people shamanism 3 2,1
Dolgans shamanism 3 2,1
Nganasan people shamanism 3 2,1
Komi-Permyak people shamanism 3 2,1
Khantys shamanists 3 2,1
Enets people shamanists 3 2,1
Mansis shamanists 3 2,1
Letts sprats 3 2,1
Kazakhs yurta 3 2,1
Japanese Japanese painting (graphic arts) 3 2,1
Russians deep roots 3 2,1
Japanese megalopolis-cities 3 2,1
Georgians peaches 3 2,1
Russians fairy-tale 3 2,1
Ukrainians folkloric 3 2,1
Koreans silk 3 2,1
As it is seen, the group is constituted by such ethnic groups as the Azerbaijanians, the Altai people, the Byelorussians, the Dolgans, the Kazakhs, the Chinese, the Komi-Permyak people, the Koreans, the Letts, the Nenets people, the
Poles, the Russians, the Khakasses, the Khantys, the Gipsies, the Evenks, the Japanese.
The third group of associative fields is mainly connected with types of activities, social position.
Associative reaction Number %
Tajiks guest workers 24 16,8
Tajiks poverty 24 16,8
Azerbaijanians guest workers 23 16,1
Gypsies fortune-telling 22 15,4
Chinese Krasnoyarsk heat and power plant area 17 11,9
Gypsies drugs 17 11,9
Tajiks Krasnoyarsk heat and power plant area 16 11,2
Gypsies selling drugs 14 9,8
Azerbaijanians Krasnoyarsk heat and power plant area 11 7,7
Chinese market 11 7,7
Tajiks poverty 11 7,7
Gypsies nomads 11 7,7
Azerbaijanians poverty 10 7
Azerbaijanians market 10 7
Altai people honey 9 6,3
Tajiks large families 9 6,3
Azerbaijanians visitors 8 5,6
Georgians market 8 5,6
Chinese numerous 8 5,6
Armenians visitors 7 4,9
Vietnamese the military 7 4,9
Tuva people hemp 7 4,9
Buryats poverty 6 4,2
Letts blonds 6 4,2
Associations connected with religious ideas were rather infrequent.
Associative reaction Number %
Buryats Buddhism 11 7,7
Tajiks Islam 9 6,3
Azerbaijanians Islam 8 5,6
Tuva people The Buddhists 7 4,9
Poles Catholicism 6 4,2
Azerbaijanians the Muslims 6 4,2
Tatars Muslim religion 6 4,2
Tajiks cheap labour force 6 4,2
Tajiks builders 6 4,2
Tajiks construction 6 4,2
Gypsies trade 6 4,2
Gypsies baron 6 4,2
Gypsies cards 6 4,2
Chinese workaholics 5 3,5
Chinese mass consumption goods 5 3,5
Koreans numerous 5 3,5
Koreans trade 5 3,5
Romanians the Gipsies 5 3,5
Tuva people mafia 5 3,5
Chechens military operations 5 3,5
Azerbaijanians sell 4 2,8
Armenians taxi-drivers 4 2,8
Vietnamese poor 4 2,8
Chinese petty tradesmen 4 2,8
Koreans cheapness 4 2,8
Uzbeks shepherds 4 2,8
Chechens homeless 4 2,8
Armenians luxury 3 2,1
Lezghins shepherds 3 2,1
Letts poverty 3 2,1
Moldavians plasterers 3 2,1
Tuva people shepherds 3 2,1
Uzbeks agriculture 3 2,1
Russians intelligentsia 3 2,1
Tuva people nomads 3 2,1
Germans Catholics 5 3,5
Russians church 5 3,5
Buryats lamaists 4 2,8
Chinese Buddhist temple 3 2,1
Bulgarians Catholic church 3 2,1
Bashkirs Islam 3 2,1
Finns Protestants 3 2,1
Russians Slavic Neopaganism 3 2,1
- 1567 -
This group is constituted by the Azerbaijanians, the Altai people, the Armenians, the Buryats, the Vietnamese, the Georgians, the Chinese, the Koreans, the Koreans, the Lezghins, tine Lithuanians, the Moldavians, the Romans, the Tajiks, the Tatars, the Tuva people, the Uzb eks, tine Gipsies, the Chechens.
The table below (Fig. 1) demonstrates the correlation of group s of subject associations with ethnic groups.
As for the second classification of associative fields, the key criterion here is their "evaluative nature". For convenience two groups were singled out. The first group contains associations of positive and neutral nature (universal valuable traits of character, etc.) as well as associahions devord of evaluative nature; the other one contains the associations with a negative evaluation of individuals under the experiment.
The groups in this classification are called so for convenience. In this case 'positive' and 'negative' associations are understood as emotional colouring, to a certain extent drawn towards a 'conflict' perception. In the situation described universal values are taken into consideration for the definition of 'negative' and 'positive'. Such classification is topical for the present research the main goal of which is detection of the most conflict problem spheres in ethnocultural space.
It is rather difficult to appraise the situation without involving a subjective mind. However an attempt has been made. Unfortunately, at present rt would be much easier to appraise associations frem a perspective of political correctness than of human values.
The table below presents associations of positive and neutral nature.
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
□ Group 1
□ Group 2
□ Group 3
Russians Ukrainians Germans Dolgans Evenks Khakasses Selkups
Byelorussians Estonians Letts Jews Yakuts Altaians Nenets people Buryats Tajiks Uzbeks Azerbaijanians Bulgarians Romanians Japanese Nganasan people Mansi people Tuva Armenians Gipsies Georgians Chinese Kazakhs Tatars Moldavians Ossetians people Koreans Vietnamese Bashkirs
Chechens Daghestanis
Fig. 1
- 1568 -
Associative reaction Number %
Tajiks guest workers 24 16,S
Ukrainians pork fat 24 16,S
Azerbaijanians guest workers 23 1б,1
Gipsies fortune-telling 22 15,4
Evenks deer 21 14,7
Altai people mountains 1S 12,б
Tatars yoke 1S 12,б
Japanese anime 17 11,9
Buryats Baikal Lake 17 11,9
Russians vodka 17 11,9
Chinese Krasnoyarsk heat and power plant area 17 11,9
Estonians slowness 17 11,9
Tajiks Krasnoyarsk heat and power plant area 1б 11,2
Russians hospitality 14 9,S
Khakasses steppes 13 9,1
Ukrainians borsch 12 S,4
Buryats Buddhism 11 7,7
Gipsies nomads 11 7,7
Azerbaijanians Krasnoyarsk heat and power plant area 11 7,7
Chinese market 11 7,7
Tuva people shaman 11 7,7
Japanese earthquake 10 7
Ukrainians Cossacks 10 7
Lezghins lezghinka 10 7
Yakuts frost 10 7
Azerbaijanians market 10 7
Letts the Balts 9 б,3
Selkup people tambourines 9 б,3
Tuva people deep-throat singing 9 б,3
Tatars the Golden Horde 9 б,3
Tajiks Islam 9 б,3
Altai people horses 9 б,3
Altai people honey 9 б,3
Russians bears 9 б,3
Tajiks large families 9 б,3
Evenks north 9 б,3
Tuva people steppes 9 б,3
Evenks tent of skins 9 б,3
Yakuts shamanism 9 б,3
Altai people shamanism 9 б,3
Tuva people yurta 9 б,3
Tuva people yurtas 9 б,3
Georgians oranges S 5,б
Byelorussians brothers S 5,б
Georgians wine S 5,б
Ossetians soldiers S 5,б
Yakuts deep-throat singing S 5,б
Azerbaijanians Islam S 5,б
Tuva people horses S 5,б
Chinese numerous S 5,б
Russians frost S 5,б
Khantys dear S 5,б
Azerbaijanians visitors S 5,б
Japanese robots S 5,б
Georgians market S 5,б
Russians power S 5,б
Gipsies Gipsy band S 5,б
Ukrainians Ukrainians S 5,б
Khakasses yurtas S 5,б
Georgians nobleness S 5,б
Byelorussians brothers S 5,б
Russians amicability S 5,б
Russians simple-mindedness S 5,б
Byelorussians birches 7 4,9
Tuva people Buddhists 7 4,9
Ukrainians sound of talking 7 4,9
Khakasses deep-throat singing 7 4,9
Americans money 7 4,9
Romanians Dracula 7 4,9
Tuva people endangered 7 4,9
Azerbaijanians Caucasus 7 4,9
Americans coca-cola 7 4,9
Tuva people hemp 7 4,9
Georgians lezghinka 7 4,9
Koreans carrot 7 4,9
Russians we 7 4,9
Georgians nose 7 4,9
Letts the Balts 7 4,9
Armenians visitors 7 4,9
Russians Siberia 7 4,9
- 1569 -
Russians the Slavs 7 4,9
Japanese sushi 7 4,9
Khantys frost 7 4,9
Evenks shamanism 7 4,9
Americans American flag 6 4,2
Letts the Aryans 6 4,2
Gipsies baron 6 4,2
Altai people Belokurikha 6 4,2
Lithuanians blonds 6 4,2
Khakasses wind 6 4,2
Bulgarians wine 6 4,2
Americans jeans 6 4,2
Greeks history 6 4,2
Yakuts endangered 6 4,2
Ossetians Caucasus 6 4,2
Tatars Kazan 6 4,2
Gipsies cards 6 4,2
Japanese catastrophe 6 4,2
Poles Catholicism 6 4,2
Karelians forest 6 4,2
Byelorussians Lukashenko 6 4,2
Gipsies bear 6 4,2
Altai people mummy 6 4,2
Azerbaijanians the Muslims 6 4,2
Tatars the Muslim religion 6 4,2
Nenets people deer 6 4,2
Gipsies songs 6 4,2
Chinese pesticides 6 4,2
Chinese fertility 6 4,2
Estonians the Balts 6 4,2
Tajiks builders 6 4,2
Japanese Japanese cherry tree 6 4,2
Selkup people north 6 4,2
Khakasses steppes 6 4,2
Tajiks construction 6 4,2
Evenks taiga 6 4,2
Armenians temperament 6 4,2
Gipsies trade 6 4,2
Evenks frost 6 4,2
Ukrainians homestead 6 4,2
Selkup people shamanism 6 4,2
Russians humour 6 4,2
Armenians humour 6 4,2
Tajiks hospitality 6 4,2
Russians sincere 6 4,2
Russians open-heartedness 6 4,2
Russians firmness 6 4,2
Russians Humour 6 4,2
Armenians humour 6 4,2
Yakuts the Asians 5 3,5
Poles architecture 5 3,5
Altai people birch bark yurta 5 3,5
Moldavians wine 5 3,5
Greeks wine 5 3,5
Armenians grape 5 3,5
Japanese soldiers 5 3,5
Finns soldiers 5 3,5
Nganasan people extinct 5 3,5
Japanese high technology 5 3,5
Gipsies guitar 5 3,5
Azerbaijanians Dagestan 5 3,5
Gipsies road 5 3,5
Chinese yin and yan 5 3,5
Germans Catholics 5 3,5
Khakasses horse 5 3,5
Armenians cognac 5 3,5
Uzbeks costumes 5 3,5
Buryats koumiss 5 3,5
Chinese noodle 5 3,5
Ossetians lezghinka 5 3,5
Poles the Poles 5 3,5
Byelorussians Minsk 5 3,5
Koreans numerous 5 3,5
Japanese sea food 5 3,5
Dolgans deer 5 3,5
Komi people deer 5 3,5
Dolgans deer 5 3,5
Germans beer 5 3,5
Uzbeks pilaff 5 3,5
Finns sauna 5 3,5
Khakasses Sayan Ring 5 3,5
Dolgans north 5 3,5
Dolgans north 5 3,5
Byelorussians the Slavs 5 3,5
Russians keenness of wit 5 3,5
Koreans dog 5 3,5
- 1570 -
Lezghins dance 5 3,5
Japanese machinery 5 3,5
Japanese technology 5 3,5
Koreans trade 5 3,5
Chinese workaholics 5 3,5
Mansi people tundra 5 3,5
Khantys high fur boots 5 3,5
Russians cold weather 5 3,5
Russians church 5 3,5
Romanians the Gipsies 5 3,5
Ukrainians forelocks 5 3,5
Khakasses shamanism 5 3,5
Georgians shish kebab 5 3,5
Khakasses Shira Lake 5 3,5
Gipsies skirts 5 3,5
Letts Yurmala 5 3,5
Nenets people yurta 5 3,5
Mansi people yurta 5 3,5
Byelorussians apples 5 3,5
Gipsies bright costumes 5 3,5
Kazakhs gaiety 5 3,5
Russians pride 5 3,5
Ossetians pride 5 3,5
Armenians sincere 5 3,5
Koreans spirit of enterprise 5 3,5
Russians simplicity 5 3,5
Russians keenness of wit 5 3,5
Chinese workaholics 5 3,5
Khakasses Abakan 4 2,S
Buryats the Asians 4 2,S
Yakuts diamonds 4 2,S
Lithuanians basketball 4 2,S
Germans unemotional 4 2,S
Khantys biathlon 4 2,S
Tuva people rich virgin nature 4 2,S
Vietnamese bikes 4 2,S
Moldavians wine 4 2,S
Germans soldiers 4 2,S
Vietnamese soldiers 4 2,S
Tajiks east 4 2,S
Georgians mountains 4 2,S
Armenians mountains 4 2,S
Serbians mountains 4 2,S
Greeks Greek myths 4 2,S
Chinese Dao 4 2,S
Chinese dragon 4 2,S
Chinese antiquity 4 2,S
Germans Dresden 4 2,S
Tuva people Yenisey 4 2,S
Russians European type 4 2,S
Tuva people mysteriousness 4 2,S
Gipsies close 4 2,S
Lezghins donkeys 4 2,S
Kazakhs Kazakhstan 4 2,S
Georgians caps 4 2,S
Lezghins daggers 4 2,S
Koreans Korean carrot 4 2,S
Circassians beauties 4 2,S
Greeks large noses 4 2,S
Buryats lamaists 4 2,S
Buryats horses 4 2,S
Nenets people not numerous 4 2,S
Greeks olives 4 2,S
Circassians sword 4 2,S
Americans rulers of the world 4 2,S
Koreans laminaria 4 2,S
Kazakhs meat 4 2,S
Byelorussians vegetable gardens 4 2,S
Finns lakes 4 2,S
Karelians lakes 4 2,S
Mansis deer 4 2,S
Nenets people deer 4 2,S
Estonians character peculiarities 4 2,S
Evenks hunting 4 2,S
Chinese pagoda 4 2,S
Uzbeks shepherds 4 2,S
Poles Poland 4 2,S
Americans pop-culture 4 2,S
Georgians holiday 4 2,S
Lithuanians the Balts 4 2,S
Greeks profile 4 2,S
Kazakhs jealous 4 2,S
Romanians Romania 4 2,S
Tuva people north 4 2,S
Altai people Siberia 4 2,S
Russians strong in spirit 4 2,S
Moldavians swarthy 4 2,S
1571 -
Circassians battles 4 2,8
Americans supermarket 4 2,8
Russians severe 4 2,8
Armenians taxi-drivers 4 2,8
Lezghins dances 4 2,8
Azerbaijanians temperament 4 2,8
Armenians full of vigour 4 2,8
Azerbaijanians sell 4 2,8
Altai people medical herbs 4 2,8
Tajiks skullcap 4 2,8
Americans fast food 4 2,8
Azerbaijanians fruit 4 2,8
Mordvins slyness 4 2,8
Tatars sly 4 2,8
Khakasses tea with butter 4 2,8
Evenks the Chukchi 4 2,8
Nenets people shamanism 4 2,8
Buryats shaman 4 2,8
Khantys yurta 4 2,8
Evenks Yurta 4 2,8
Komi people yurta 4 2,8
Japanese Japanese garden 4 2,8
Tuva people rich virgin nature 4 2,8
Gipsies faithfulness to a family 4 2,8
Circassians heroism 4 2,8
Lezghins pride 4 2,8
Georgians pride 4 2,8
Kazakhs friendliness 4 2,8
Kazakhs cheerfulness 4 2,8
Circassians beauties 4 2,8
Ukrainians pretty girls 4 2,8
Kazakhs joy 4 2,8
Koreans diligence 4 2,8
Germans cars 3 2,1
Selkup people animism 3 2,1
Lithuanians paleness 3 2,1
Greeks gods 3 2,1
Chinese long history 3 2,1
Serbians brotherhood 3 2,1
Chinese Buddhist temple 3 2,1
Bulgarians the Bulgarians 3 2,1
Ukrainians wine 3 2,1
Tajiks soldiers 3 2,1
Russians deep roots 3 2,1
Ukrainians Gogol 3 2,1
Japanese megalopolis-cities 3 2,1
Georgians mountain dwellers 3 2,1
Tuva people mountains 3 2,1
Ossetians Georgia 3 2,1
Avars Dagestan 3 2,1
Altai people village 3 2,1
Tajiks children of the mountains 3 2,1
Vietnamese jungles 3 2,1
Greeks ancient ceramics 3 2,1
Japanese ancient culture 3 2,1
Bulgarians friendship 3 2,1
Azerbaijanians suntan 3 2,1
Azerbaijanians Transcaucasia 3 2,1
Bulgarians west 3 2,1
Uzbeks agriculture 3 2,1
Gipsies gold 3 2,1
Bulgarians Indo-Europeans 3 2,1
Russians intelligentsia 3 2,1
Lezghins The Caucasians 3 2,1
Koreans segregation 3 2,1
Armenians flat 3 2,1
Bulgarians Catholic church 3 2,1
Altai people Katun 3 2,1
Japanese kimono 3 2,1
Evenks aboriginal smaller peoples 3 2,1
Nganasan people aboriginal smaller peoples 3 2,1
Selkup people aboriginal smaller peoples 3 2,1
Vietnamese communism 3 2,1
Tuva people nomads 3 2,1
Tuva people nomads' camp 3 2,1
Circassians handsome men 3 2,1
Greeks cultures 3 2,1
Koreans astounding cuisine 3 2,1
Koreans noodle 3 2,1
Ukrainians Lukashenko 3 2,1
Enets people not numerous 3 2,1
Germans metal 3 2,1
Bashkirs the Muslim religion 3 2,1
Koreans insects 3 2,1
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Russians oil 3 2,1
Ukrainians oil 3 2,1
Khantys oil 3 2,1
Georgians deer 3 2,1
Ukrainians living in outskirts of Russia 3 2,1
Mari people deer 3 2,1
Greeks Olympus 3 2,1
Buryats Olkhon 3 2,1
Ossetians posture 3 2,1
Yakuts hunting 3 2,1
Lezghins shepherds 3 2,1
Tuva people shepherds 3 2,1
Byelorussians singers/Pesnyary group 3 2,1
Finns protestants 3 2,1
Georgians peaches 3 2,1
Russians Slavic Neopaganism 3 2,1
Armenians luxury 3 2,1
Ukrainians towel 3 2,1
Buryats fish 3 2,1
Tatars red-haired 3 2,1
Ukrainians sarafans 3 2,1
Udmurts north 3 2,1
Ket people north 3 2,1
Vietnamese power 3 2,1
Russians fairy-tale 3 2,1
Poles the Slavs 3 2,1
Azerbaijanians the sun 3 2,1
Tatars steppe 3 2,1
Kazakhs steppe 3 2,1
Japanese Toyota 3 2,1
Khakasses talgan 3 2,1
Ossetians dances 3 2,1
Buryats grass 3 2,1
Uzbeks skullcap 3 2,1
Ukrainians moustache 3 2,1
Finns Finland 3 2,1
Estonians flag 3 2,1
Ukrainians folkloric 3 2,1
Romanians fruit 3 2,1
Tatars character 3 2,1
Koreans slyness 3 2,1
Azerbaijanians slyness 3 2,1
Ket people cold weather 3 2,1
Chinese tea 3 2,1
Dolgans the Chukchi 3 2,1
Komi people shamanism 3 2,1
Dolgans shamanism 3 2,1
Nganasan people shamanism 3 2,1
Komi-Permyak people shamanism 3 2,1
Khantys shamanists 3 2,1
Enets people shamanists 3 2,1
Mansi people shamanists 3 2,1
Koreans silk 3 2,1
Russians generous soul 3 2,1
Letts sprats 3 2,1
Moldavians plasterers 3 2,1
Kazakhs yurta 3 2,1
Japanese Japanese painting (graphic art) 3 2,1
Gipsies bright 3 2,1
Armenians artistic 3 2,1
Chinese long history 3 2,1
Serbians brotherhood 3 2,1
Bulgarians friendship 3 2,1
Vietnamese inventiveness 3 2,1
Russians intelligentsia 3 2,1
Circassians handsome men 3 2,1
Koreans astounding cuisine 3 2,1
Russians courage 3 2,1
Japanese orderliness 3 2,1
Armenians tolerant 3 2,1
Americans smiling 3 2,1
Russians generous soul 3 2,1
The table of negative associations.
Associative reaction Number %
Tajiks poverty 24 16,8
Gipsies drugs 17 11,9
Germans Nazism 17 11,9
Chechens aggression 16 11,2
Tajiks dirt 15 10,5
Gipsies selling drugs 14 9,8
Tajiks poverty 11 7,7
Germans Great Patriotic War 10 7
Azerbaijanians poverty 10 7
Vietnamese war 9 6,3
Uzbeks dirt 8 5,6
Chechens cruelty 8 5,6
Germans Nazis 8 5,6
Ossetians war 7 4,9
Gipsies dirt 7 4,9
Chechens acts of terror 7 4,9
Kazakhs dirt 6 4,2
Tatars greed 6 4,2
Germans hypocrisy 6 4,2
Azerbaijanians revenge 6 4,2
Buryats poverty 6 4,2
Gipsies beggars 6 4,2
Tajiks bothersome 6 4,2
Ossetians terror 6 4,2
Azerbaijanians wogs 6 4,2
Tajiks senselessness 5 3,5
Chechens military operations 5 3,5
Kazakhs malice 5 3,5
The diagrams (Fig. 2) present the correlation of detected subject associations and the nature of respondents' attitude to them.
'Group 3' diagram, based on the results of the second classification, vividly demonstrates a highly aggravated conflict attitude first and foremost to those ethnic groups whose main activity and social position, from the point of view of Krasnoyarsk territory inhabitants, is
Letts hypocrisy 5 3,5
Tuva people mafia 5 3,5
Armenians obtrusiveness 5 3,5
Letts Nazis 5 3,5
Russians bad manners 5 3,5
Chinese mass consumption goods 5 3,5
Gipsies aggression 4 2,8
Chechens homeless 4 2,8
Chechens grief 4 2,8
Germans tough 4 2,8
Armenians revenge 4 2,8
Estonians Nazis 4 2,8
Russians illogicality 4 2,8
Vietnamese poor 4 2,8
Chechens danger 4 2,8
Armenians cupidity 3 2,1
Evenks senselessness 3 2,1
Lithuanians paleness 3 2,1
Koreans stinking 3 2,1
Tatars mean 3 2,1
Estonians arrogance 3 2,1
Chechens robbers 3 2,1
Azerbaijanians degradation 3 2,1
Evenks wildness 3 2,1
Koreans tough 3 2,1
Estonians hypocrisy 3 2,1
Lithuanians Nazis 3 2,1
Yakuts non-adaptability 3 2,1
Estonians meanness 3 2,1
Chinese herd instinct 3 2,1
either unworthy of respect or arouses negative emotions.
Conclusion
Having combined the results of two classifications, it is possible to draw a general conclusion that interethnic conflicts in Krasnoyarsk territory are mainly of a class nature identifying representatives of various
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
□ Positive
] Negative
Fig. 2
ethnic groups on the basis of their activity and social status. It vividly highlights the problem of social inequality and consequently preconceived attitude to certain ethnic groups.
As for the hypotheses about possible ways to settle interethnic conflicts as climaxes of a growing social tension, it would be proper to neutralize these social mechanisms on the basis; of formation peculiarities of the phenomena under the research. Taking into consideration the mentioned above peculiarities of interethnic conflicts and their mevitabiHty, the change of a
surge of social tension form, peculiar ritualization and control could be the most effective. In a naarow sense it could take a form of mass annual sports events of a competitive character which can satisfy the requirements of emotional tension. Events of such a kind imply the display of social equality of different ethnic groups as far as their physical andpsychological abilities are concerned. The events of 'a dialogue of cultures' type can be favourable for social equality establishment. They contribute to gradual ethnic stereotypes eradicafion.
References
E. Alexandrikov, "Ethnic Self-Consciousness" or "Ethnic Identity", Ethnographic Review, 3 (199(5).
R. Gottcdanker, The Basics odPsychologocal Experiment (M., 2005), in Russian.
N.P. Koptzeva, (Cultural and Anthropotogical Problem oh Socoal Engineering (Methodological Problem at Modern Applied Culture Studies), Journal of Siberian Federal University: Humanities & Social Sciences, 1 (3) (21010), 22-34.
N.P. Koptzeva, N.A. Bachova, System of Culture in Krasooyatsk Region: Main Subjects and Cultural Values, Journal ofSiberiao Federal University: Humanities & ¡Social Sciences, 3 (3) (2oi0), 34-4-381.
N.M. Libakova, Specifics of the Category of "Gendea" in the Modern Krasnoyarsk Culture: Results of the Association Experiment According to the Methodology "Thematic Associations Series", Journal of Siberian Federal University: Humanities & Social Sciences, 5 (3) (2010), 727-746.
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V. Tishkov, Ethnic Gtoup or Ethnicity? Ethnology ant Politics. Science-Social and Political Journalism (M.: Nauka, 2001), Author's personal site (was opened 2007.08.31) URL: //valerytishkov. ru/cntnt/publikacii3/publikacii/etnos_ili_.html
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Специфика современных межэтнических отношений на территории красноярского края на материале ассоциативного эксперимента
Г.В. кивкуцан
Сибирский федеральный университет Россия 660041, Красноярск, пр. Свободный, 79
Тема исследования этнокультурного пространства Красноярского края в настоящее время актуальна. Красноярский край согласно критериям, установленным теорией конфликтологии, этнологии и социологии, является эпицентром напряжённых межэтнических отношений и своеобразным межэтническим конгломератом, что актуализирует культурные исследования в данном регионе. Таким образом, изучение феномена этничности на территории края -одна из важнейших задач прикладного культурного исследования. Целью исследования стало определение доминирующего типа межэтнических отношений на основе специфики этнокультурного пространства Красноярского края (с помощью метода ассоциативного эксперимента) и моделирование возможных способов решения конфликтов. По результатам проделанной работы были сделаны соответствующие выводы о том, что межэтнические отношения на исследуемой территории имеют ряд специфических свойств, характерных региону. Это дало возможность предложить гипотезу о возможном урегулировании межэтнических конфликтов в случае их угрозы. В качестве уникальности исследования можно отметить особую практическую направленность работы и экспериментальное применение новых форм уже освоенных методик в сфере культурных исследований. Также значительное внимание уделено здесь комплексному подходу к определённой проблеме. Ассоциативный эксперимент рассмотрен как наиболее эффективный метод выявления и исследования природы такого культурного феномена, как этнический стереотип, что оправдано в рамках специфики самого метода, как изначально используемого в психологии.
Ключевые слова: ассоциативный эксперимент, прикладное культурное исследование, межэтнические отношения, Красноярский край.
Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке федеральной целевой программы "Научные и научно-педагогические кадры инновационной России на 2009-2013 гг."
