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SOME ISSUES OF IMPROVEMENT OF URBANIZATION PROJECTS IN UZBEKISTAN
Tojieva Zulhumor Nazarovna, Doctor of Sciences Geography (DcS), associate Professor National university of Uzbekistan
of Mirzo Ulugbek E-mail: [email protected]. Abdalova Zulhumor Tairovna, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D) Geography, docent National university of Uzbekistan of Mirzo Ulugbek
SOME ISSUES OF IMPROVEMENT OF URBANIZATION PROJECTS IN UZBEKISTAN
Abstract. The article deals with the issues of the urbanization process in Uzbekistan and the scientific research on measures to improve this process.
Keywords: urbanization, urban and rural, rural, urbanization, demographic potential.
While the integration of the economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan into the global economic and financial-economic system is gradually deepening, the influence of social fac-
tors on demographic processes is increasing. In particular, the urbanization process plays an important role not only in socio-economic development, but also in demographic issues. Because of demographic processes, birth, death, marriages, divorces have a direct impact on the level of urbanization. All of these, except births and marriages, are the highest in the urbanized areas.
In the territorial structure of the population of Uzbekistan, the number and size of urban population varied widely in different periods under the influence of internal and external factors. These direct access to the settlements is given to the status of "city and town", territorial organization of production, formulation goals. For many years, significant changes have taken place not only in the number of cities and urban-type settlements, but also in its territorial, socio-economic development. This led to the rapid development of small and average urban settlements. However, no changes were observed in the number of the largest urban settlements.
Most of the cities that emerged in the second half of the last century are significant because they are used to dig and bury their land to dig different minerals. Nevertheless, in spite of the demographic policy of the former Soviet regime, the rural population in the territorial structure of the country has been growing in numbers for many years. The size of the demographic potential of rural areas and its continued growth, in turn, determined the total population size of the urban population. In 1991, the urban population of the city was 40.5 percent, and in 2008 it was 35.8 percent. At the same time, the share of rural population in the national population increased from 59.6 percent to 64.2 percent.
In accordance with Article 12 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On the order of settlement of administrative and territorial structure of the Republic of Uzbekistan, names and renaming of toponymic objects" and in 2009 "On Measures for Further Improvement of Administrative and Territorial Structure of Population Settlements of the Republic of Uzbekistan" According to the decision of the Cabinet of Ministers on execution of PQ-120 in July, 966 rural settlements of the country were converted into urban settlements. As a result, the share of the urban population in the total population has risen by 52 per cent (2009) [2].
The analysis shows that the level of urbanization in the republic has been steadily declining for many years. Consequently, the diversity of the population and the active mechanical movement of the urban population, ie the intensity and natural movement of the migration, have been reflected in a relative and absolute amount. Since 1991, the government has been focusing on the construction of infrastructure facilities and capacity building of low-income regions, accelerating the urbanization process, and the emergence of new urban settlements.
Therefore, the number of urban settlements has changed constantly. For example, in 1959 their number was 101, in 1984 it was 124, in 1989 it was 221, in 2008 it was 233, in 2009 it was 1199. In 1990-2009, the number of cities in the country decreased by 5, and the number of urban-type settlements increased by 976. The level of urbanization rising in the country in 2009 did not justify itself, as the majority of urbanized villages remained village. Therefore, in ten years after that, ie in 2019, this issue again rose and a special decree on the radical improvement of urbanization processes was adopted.
The decree states that «along with the implementation of major strategic investment projects within the framework of structural reforms, the urbanization process has not been properly considered as a driving force for the growth and sustainable
Section 2. Geography_
development of urban populations. As a result, in recent years there has been a tendency towards declining urbanization, while the number of urban settlements has increased from just 1065 to 1071. Despite the measures taken to transform large rural settle-
Table 1. - Changes in urban settlements and
ments into urban settlements, today's urbanization does not meet modern urban development needs and remains largely unchanged from global trends. At the same time, the level of urbanization is still unstable [1] It is critically assessed.
urban population in Uzbekistan (1989-2019)
years total city address population, including
their teeth percent cities population city type settlements population
1989 221 40.7 124 7282.0 97 758.9
100 100 56.1 90.5 43.9 9.5
1990 228 40.7 124 7310.5 104 931.5
100 100 54.4 88.7 45.6 11.3
1995 234 38.6 119 7717.1 115 953.8
100 100 51.3 89.0 48.7 11.0
2000 233 37.4 120 8108.1 113 1057.4
100 100 51.5 88.5 48.5 11.5
2005 232 36.3 120 8350.5 112 1091.4
100 100 51.7 88.4 48.3 11.6
2008 233 35.9 119 8570.4 114 1127.8
100 100 51.1 88.3 48.9 11.7
2009 1199 14131.1 119 8582.9 1080 5548.2
100 100 10.0 60.8 90.0 39.2
2019 1190 16532.7 119 10140.9 1071 6391.8
100 100 10.0 61.3 90.0 38.7
Note * In the pace of acceleration, the absolute number is in the range - the percentage of the population The author's note based on the data from the State Statistics Committee of Uzbekistan population of settlements
According to the statistical data analysis, in 2019,1071 towns were demographically older than 119 cities [3]. The Decree was further promoted in the Decree to further improve the demographic potential of the urban population by improving the system of administrative regulation of migration processes to create conditions for free movement of population from rural areas to cities. Living in 119 cities with high demographic potential, 61.3 it is desirable to increase the standard of living [3] by ensuring the full and productive employment of the population, increasing the welfare of the population in the services sector, and enhancing the use of economic and industrial resources.
The reason is that "despite the measures taken to transform large rural settlements into urban settlements, today's urbanization does not meet modern urban development needs and remains largely out of the world trends" [1].
The results of the study indicate that it is necessary to improve the criteria for obtaining city status at settlements in order to develop a comprehensive urbanization process in the country. During demographic modernization, demographic relations, urbanization, urbanization, urbanization and suburbanization accelerate. As a result, it is desirable to set expectations for the formation of satellite cities.
References:
1. y3ÔeKHCTOH PecnyÔAuKacu npe3HgeHTHHHHr 10.01.2019 h. n$-5623-coH «Уp6aннзaцнн ^apaëHAapuHu TyôgaH TaKOMHAAamTHpnm Hopa-TagôupAapH Tyrpucuga» ru OapMOHH.
2. Y36eKHCTOH PecnyÔAHKacu axpAu nyHKTAapuHHHr MatMypuH -xygy\HH Ty3HAumHHH TaKOMHAAamTupumra goup KymuMHa Hopa-Tag6upAap Tyrpucuga, № 68 Kapopu,- TomKeHT, 13 MapT 2009 h.
3. AeMorpa^HHecKHÈ e^erogHHK y36eKucTaHa 2018. QraTHCTHHecKHÈ c6opHHK.- T.- C. 38-43.
