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УДК 37
Акыева Я.С.,
Старший преподаватель Гаратаева Г.О., Преподаватель Бердиева А.Д.,
Преподаватель
Туркменский государственный институт финансов SOME ASPECTS OF TEACHING LANGUAGE
Key words:
language teaching, methods of translation.
One of the tasks facing the teachers of higher educational institutions of the country is to coordinate the theoretical and practical knowledge of the future specialists who are being trained in the field of English language. In professional English classes, students not only learn the distinctive aspects of professional, official texts, but also acquire the ability to divide official texts into several stages during the translation process, on the basis of which, they can thoroughly understand the meaning of the text and be able to retain the original idea. When translating works such as stories and essays, the translator should be creative, using stylistic tools such as metaphor, epithet, and metonymy appropriately.
A translator must constantly enrich his knowledge by studying official texts, scientific lectures, manuals, and articles in detail. In order to achieve the accuracy and reliability of the translation, several rules must be considered. When the semantic units of the Turkmen language are translated into the English language, most of them are translated without changing the form, meaning and structure of the original text or with a slight change. Examples:
1. It is carried out by translating the meaning of international words, certain phrases, mostly national style phrases and lexical units: Mister - Mr., Miss - Mrs., democratic system - democracy. tic system, finitelacomedia
- end of comedy, vini, vici - I came, I saw, I conquered, etc.
2. International words (internationalisms) when translated, giving the same meaning, are sometimes identical in structure, but different in phonetic structure: agreement/concord-agreement/adjournment -equality, standard of leaving - standard of living.
3. Most names (names of persons, family names, surnames, names of places, etc.) undergo only occasional phonetic changes. Cronin-Cronin, Newton-Newton, Ohio, General Motors Corporation political etc. In some cases, names and family names, as well as names of countries, associations, corporations, companies, newspapers and magazines, do not completely retain their original form in the translated language. For example: Lorain - Lorraine, Munich - München, Charles V - Karl Bäshinjive, etc. expands on its original language form and accepts different pronunciations, additional information or appendices. For example: Reuters - the news agency of Great Britain "Reuters". A large number of different geographical names have their own form because they do not have similar sounds in the historical or translatable language. or does not retain its structure. For example: Warsaw - Warsaw, Moscow - Moscow.
4. Most of the linguistic units can completely or partially change the word structure according to the requirements of the translated language: bachelor - bakalawr, therapist - terapist, etc. Grammatical transformation (transformation) is a syntactic change into a morphological one, and they are not translated. They are divided into the following groups: Substitution is a change in the grammatical structure of the part being translated.
The grammar of the English verb becomes the substantive. For example: Agreement signed a few days ago
- A few days ago, the agreement was signed. This transformation has a stylistic basis: the verb tense is often used
in ordinary English conversation. In the Turkmen language, it is often used as the official language. Nouns can be either singular or plural. For example: Har - hair is fair and wavy - She has bright colored wavy hair. The main reason for this change is the structural features of the English and Turkmen languages. Word groups can change when they are part of a sentence. For example: He is a poor swimmer - He is a poor swimmer. In this sentence, the English verb form is replaced by a case, and at the same time, the compound message form of noun phrases is replaced by a simple verb form. This modification is expressed in English, in some cases, by means of verbs made from noun phrases. Changing the order of words in a sentence. Because English and Turkmen have different sentence structures or functions, the word order within a sentence often changes. For example, the phrase "A new scientific conference was held in Ashgabat yesterday" is "New science in Ashgabat". When translated as "passed", the possessive, object, and complement do not match. Speaking broadly about message translation, lexical and metonymic changes are often used in message translation. Accordingly, in Turkmen, motion is often defined by a verb, whereas English requires motion to be defined by a specific linguistic unit. These linguistic aramonymic relationships are specific to the translation of the following message types:
• Linking verb to be + placeholder: We were at school to get whenever we were boys - When we were children, we studied at a school.
• Conjunctive verb to be + adjective/partial verb: Still she was hesitant - He was still hesitating.
• Linking verb to be + at: If your handwriting is illegible, you are a fast thinker. In the English language, the descriptive member refers to the message made by the noun. In Turkmen, it is combined with the adjective defining the verb: The children are taken good care of When translating the Turkmen language into English, it is brought after the adjectival verbs: to be, seem, smell, taste, feel, sound verbs in Turkmen language to be, to be seen is translated as smell, taste, feel, sound. For example: The lunch smells delicious - The smell of lunch is delectable. She looks good - He looks good.
Literature:
1. Danilenko V.P. Russian terminology: Experience of linguistic descriptions. - M.: Nauka, 1977.
2. Leichik V. M., Shelov S. D. Linguistic problems of terminologies and scientific and technical translation. Part II. - M.: All-Union Center translations, 1990.
© AKbieBa fl.C., TapaTaeBa T.O., EepgueBa A.fl., 2023
УДК 376.42
Альбекова Н.Л.,
учитель технологии ГКОУ АО «ОШИ № 6»,
г. Астрахань, РФ Степанова Л.А.,
учитель начальных классов ГКОУ АО «ОШИ № 6»,
г. Астрахань, РФ Чернышева О.В.
зам. директора по учебной работе ГКОУ АО «ОШИ № 6»,
г. Астрахань, РФ
РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ПРОЕКТА «СОВРЕМЕННАЯ ШКОЛА» НА УРОКАХ ПРЕДМЕТНОЙ ОБЛАСТИ «ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ» В ШКОЛЕ ДЛЯ ДЕТЕЙ С ОВЗ
Аннотация
В статье рассматривается повышение эффективности урока, качества знаний обучающихся,
