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SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL BASIS FOR DETERMINING TOLERANCE AND INTOLERANT BEHAVIOR IN EARLY ADOLESCENT CHILDREN
Ruziev A-Е.
Ruziev Akhror Evatovich - Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology (PhD), DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, KARSHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING ECONOMICS, KARSHI, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the article is intended for educators, psychologists and educators working in the education system, provides a description of the characteristics of tolerance and intolerance inherent in the personality of the first adolescent, a socio-psychological correction program for the formation of tolerant behavior in early adolescence, suggestions, recommendations and conclusions.
Keywords: tolerance, intolerance, family, reference group, focused choice, correction, ethnotolerance, social tolerance, deviant behavior.
СОЦИАЛЬНО-ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ТОЛЕРАНТНОСТИ И ИНТОЛЕРАНТНОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ У ДЕТЕЙ РАННЕГО
ПОДРОСТКОВОГО ВОЗРАСТА Рузиев А.Е.
Рузиев Ахрор Еватович - доктор философии в области психологии (PhD), кафедра социальных наук, Каршинский инженерно-экономический институт, г. Карши, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: статья предназначена для педагогов, психологов и воспитателей, работающих в системе образования, дается описание особенностей толерантности и интолерантности, присущих личности подростка, социально-психологическая коррекционная программа формирования толерантного поведения в ранний подростковый возраст, предложения, рекомендации и выводы.
Ключевые слова: толерантность, интолерантность, семья, референтная группа, целенаправленный выбор, коррекция, этнотолерантность, социальная толерантность, девиантное поведение.
INTRODUCTION
The principle of tolerance is one of the universal values, the application of which serves the peaceful and stable life of all mankind.
Article 18 of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan states: "In the Republic of Uzbekistan, all citizens have the same rights and freedoms and are equal before the law, regardless of gender, race, nationality, language, religion, social origin, creed, personal and social status. Privileges shall be established only by law and shall be in accordance with the principles of social justice " - to be recognized, on the basis of ideas glorifying tolerance, it serves as a legal basis for the implementation of urgent tasks in our country, such as increasing the scale and implementation of such measures [1:9].
The development of a culture of tolerance is the focus of international organizations, including: "On December 12, 2018, the UN General Assembly adopted a special resolution entitled" Enlightenment and Religious Tolerance ". The document, drafted by Uzbekistan, was unanimously supported by all UN member states.
The adoption of the resolution was a practical manifestation of the initiative put forward by President Shavkat Mirziyoyev at the 72nd session of the UN General Assembly in September 2017 in New York.
Speaking at the UN rostrum, the head of our state said: The main purpose of the resolution proposed by Uzbekistan "To promote the right to education for all, to eradicate illiteracy and ignorance" noted that.
The document is aimed at "establishing tolerance and mutual respect, ensuring religious freedom, protecting the rights of believers, and helping to prevent discrimination against them." [2:1].
In the current context of globalization, tolerance is of great importance as a socio-psychological problem, and its study is extremely relevant. We live in an age of globalization and further mobilization of the economy, rapid development of communications, integration and interdependence, large-scale migration and migration, urbanization and the transformation of social structures. Every region is different and therefore the intensification of intolerance and conflict poses the same threat to all regions of the world. It is impossible to hide behind such threats, because it is universal.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Today, the issue of forming tolerant behavior in young people, especially in early adolescence, imposes important tasks on the representatives of the education system. Below we refer to a socio-psychological correction program that shapes tolerant behavior in early adolescence.
In the person of the first teenager aged 16-17 years, basically:
1) self-awareness - to have a complete picture of oneself, to form an emotional attitude towards oneself, to evaluate mental, moral and volitional qualities, to understand one's achievements and shortcomings, and to strive for the set goal, self-improvement and upbringing;
2) a system of purposeful views is formed based on their own philosophy of life, personal worldview, knowledge, beliefs, and so on.
Tolerance education - if the object of education is the first adolescent, the main burden is on the family (exactly the reference group), then the educational environment and the pedagogue and psychologist in it.
The subtle and difficult aspect of the matter, first, lack of information about tolerance education, its structure and manifestation, secondly, available tools,
in particular, lack of ideas about technologies that take on a creative character for this or that condition, third, tolerance is not just a teenager, but also under the influence of factors such as the need for the reference group itself.
According to our research, a number of sources contribute to the formation of tolerance in the personality of the first adolescent, for example, some people (show business stars, film industry heroes, celebrities around), the book they read, the media, online and offline communication, etc. -affects randomly.
It is not possible to determine in time which of these sources of influence are positive and which are negative. The key role here is played by the tolerant behavior that the first adolescent has shaped in his or her life path. This is because any experience is considered to be specially enriched and supplemented by the owner of the behavior, in which case the experience of tolerance is directed in a positive direction (provided that the negative conditions are overcome). In this case, the word refers to the occurrence of indirect or indirect interactions with others, in which the environment in the group of colleagues formed differs from each other according to the views or behavior of members. Despite this diversity, the parent, i.e. the reference group, should be aware of not only the sources that affect tolerance behavior in the mind of the first adolescent child, but also the factors that lead to unpleasant and conflicting situations that lead to intolerance.
Because factors such as religion, ethnicity, psyche, values, language, and behavior are only for the first teenager, but sometimes it is natural for the reference group (parents, close relatives, teachers) to also have difficulty.With all of these factors, the early adolescent person is confronted with the integration of relationships with others, and the family plays a key role in the implementation of corrective work as the primary source of socialization. Studies show that in the process of socialization, parents influence their children through a number of psychological mechanisms. For example, the first mechanism is called suppression, in which parents perform actions related to the removal of certain ideas, thoughts, desires, wishes from the minds of their first adolescents.
Table 1. Characteristics and analysis ofpriority tolerance and intolerance specific to the personality of the first adolescent
Tolerant teenager Intolerant teenager
I. Criteria of self-awareness
Takes a critical approach to himself, tries to solve problems on his own strengths and weaknesses. Putting his own dignity first, he blames those around him
II. Criteria of protection
A tolerant teenager has high self-confidence and is able to do everything. This is an important condition for the formation of a tolerant personality It poses a threat to itself and the social environment with all sorts of threats
III. Criteria of responsibility
A tolerant teenager does not impose his responsibilities on others, he is able to respond to his words and actions The realities of being an intolerant teenager are not related to me, - counting, absolves himself of responsibility for the surrounding events. He thinks I did nothing wrong, he is bad himself.
IV. Criteria of perseverance
Tolerant teenagers strive for hard work and creativity on their own, trying to solve their own problems. Intolerant adolescents exclude themselves from organizational processes, that is, they act as "not just me."
V. Criteria of concern
A tolerant teenager can accurately assess both himself and an intolerant person An intolerant teenager evaluates those around him based on his worldview and his similarity.
VI. Criterion of humor
A tolerant teenager has the ability to laugh at himself An intolerant teenager is a sad, frustrated person who does not like humor
VII. The criterion of dominance
A tolerant teenager prefers to live in a free and democratic society An intolerant teenager finds it necessary to live in an authoritarian society based on the rule of austerity
The second, is called the separation mechanism, and through it, parents perform corrective actions related to the abandonment of bad impressions by their children. The third mechanism is called strengthening, in doing so, parents inculcate in their minds the established system of social rules by encouraging the behavior of their first adolescent
child, and adherence to it gradually becomes a habit for the adolescent and begins to manifest itself in his behavior as an inner aspiration. The fourth mechanism, called identification, is that the first adolescent boy compares himself to his parents and tries to imitate them. Through the fifth mechanism of empathy, the parents' understanding of the inner world of the first adolescent child, his positive response to the solution of his problems, promotes the formation of the quality of communication.
Finally, the mechanism of action cancellation is used to attenuate thoughts, feelings, actions associated with the intolerance feature in early adolescence. When a person apologizes, he believes that his mistakes will be forgiven and that he will continue to work with a clear conscience. Many achieve perfection in this way. In addition, components such as the behavior of the first adolescent, lifestyle, life experience are of particular importance for educators, psychologists (teachers), correcting intolerance, that is, timely correction and formation of tolerant behavior in the educational institution. explains the role.
According to the focus-competitions, the participants '(based on subjective opinion) personality traits specific to priority tolerance and intolerance were identified. According to the subjects, the following: 1) self-awareness; 2) protection; 3) responsibility; 4) perseverance; 5) caring; 6) humor; 7) in cases such as dominance, it is possible to determine whether a person is in a position of tolerance or intolerance (see table).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Based on the results of the analysis, a tolerant way is an acceptable way of life aimed at getting to know oneself better, feeling comfortable in the environment, being able to understand other people, being always and always ready to help, and being kind to the culture of another nation, its traditions and views. An intolerant way is a way of life in which a person thinks about his uniqueness due to his low level of education or wrongness, feels uncomfortable in a social environment, seeks power, and does not accept the culture, views, and traditions of others.
Given that an absolutely tolerant or intolerant person is not in life in general, it is important for boys and girls in early adolescence to develop an inner desire to enter into a tolerant relationship. Based on the "subjective opinion" of a special group (n = 98) consisting of secondary school and secondary special education coaches and parents, we developed a "socio-psychological model for the formation of tolerant behavior in the personality of the first adolescent" (Figure 1). see).
CONCLUSION
The developed model consisted of two blocks according to its characteristics. Block 1 is entitled "Formation of tolerant behavior in adolescents from a physiological point of view" and basically it covers a set of "development" and "correction" components. According to the focus-group selection, early adolescents can develop tolerance traits such as endurance, patience, etc. by correcting intolerance traits such as external sensitivity, aggression, arbitrariness.
Fig. 1. Socio-psychological model of the formation of tolerant behavior in the personality of the first adolescent
Also, in the 2nd block of the proposed model, entitled "Formation of tolerant behavior in adolescents in terms of personality", the psychophysiological basis (character, etc.) formed in the mind of the first adolescent under the influence of unstable, unhealthy social environment in the family and by correcting the characteristics of intolerance, such as arbitrariness, by motivating them on the basis of universal values, it will be possible to develop the characteristics of ethnotolerance and social tolerance.
In short, based on this model, it is possible to analyze the adolescent's past behaviors or alternatively correct their views. At the same time, the scope of work is not aimed at forcing the first adolescent to accept something he did not like for himself, to like the situation he did not like, but as an important socio-psychological factor stabilizing the "coping-strategic" behavior typical of early adolescents, that is, in pure Uzbek terms, it stimulates the development of a person's culture, such as "Think and see one, remember a thousand."
The skills of a positive (tolerant) attitude to life, based on the "socio-psychological model of tolerance behavior" and characterized by physiological and personality, the ability to understand emerging social realities, processes and the environment in the first adolescent boys and girls we offer. Based on the above model, we can draw the following conclusions:
first, to create and develop an educational environment that influences the formation of tolerance in early adolescence;
secondly, to create a bank of socially significant projects on the problem of tolerance formation; thirdly, to be able to predict conflicts that are expected to recur, related to crisis situations specific to the period of early adolescence;
fourth, to accept the culture of tolerance as a social norm in relations; fifth, to increase self-awareness in early adolescence;
Sixth, the recognition of the first adolescents in the formation of a sense of tolerance as one of the important
participants in the large-scale socio-economic programs implemented in our country;
Seventh, recognizing that deviant behavior in society leads to a reduction in the number of early adolescents, we
believe that early adolescent boys and girls will be able to analyze past behaviors or alternatively correct their
attitudes.
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