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ОСНОВНОЙ РАЗДЕЛ
Abdiholikova G. teacher
Karshi State University
SOCIAL ASPECTS OF URBANIZATION DEVELOPMENT IN
KASHKADARYA REGION
Annotation. This article analyzes the social factors of urban development in Kashkadarya region. Special attention is paid to their organizing aspects and not to social spheres, but to their city-forming features that serve the population
Keywords: Social, Central Place, Urbanization, Tourism, Migration, Infrastructure.
When analyzing the social factors of urban development, it is darcor to first define the aspects that make them up and serve. In general, this work takes into account not the social spheres, but their urban-forming characteristics that serve the population. Networks that directly serve the population of existing cities, on the other hand, have little impact on the development of a wider social geographic environment. For this reason, when taken from the point of view of urbanization, it is not the networks that serve the city that are of particular importance, but the influence of these networks beyond the city. Scientifically, D. in this regard.J.Friedman's "center-periphery", B.Crystal's "central place" as well as T.Hegerstrand's ideas of' diffusion diffusion of News " serve as an important methodology.
The areas of service for the population - education, health, trade system are listed population settlements, that is, in central places are placed in different indicators. Each of these regions has its own and appropriate influence, that is, the scope of Service. In this matter, cities in their own way serve as the center of the set of social spheres of that place, in addition to the fact that they perform the function of the "capital" of administrative i.e. (regional and district centers) and economic (large industrial production facilities, transport nodes). Cities are distinguished by a higher population size than rural settlements, its higher figure of embodiment and employment, the fact that housing is built on a planned basis, well-equipped with transport and communal networks, which has several important advantages in the placement of social and household services facilities. Most cities of kashkadarya region also fulfill the function of administrative centers of rural districts. Such a situation assumes the upper echelons of all objects of the social sphere to be located in cities, and in practice to serve the population of the entire district. Thanks to this, the proportionately growing number and quality indicators of social infrastructure sectors in cities are important in ensuring the socio - economic prosperity of the regions.
Among the areas of public service, health, education, retail and paid services occupy an important place in their importance. Although the kashkadarya region does not differ sharply from other regions of the country in terms of the degree of development of its social spheres, at the same time they also have a number of distinctive features.
Services area. Today, the service sector is in a leading position in the economy of developed countries. In Uzbekistan, the services sector also plays a leading role among the highly developing sectors of the Republic's economy. In turn, the expansion and development of the field of services in ensuring an increase in national income and ensuring a decent standard of living for the population is involved as the main determining factor. The diversity of the service sector as well as high quality increase the labor efficiency of employees, reduce consumer costs, save time and achieve leisure efficiency. This area includes health, education, communication and informatization, transport, catering, rental, housing and communal services, cultural, tourism and excursion, sanatoriumResort and wellness, physical education and sports, legal and other services that directly serve the population. For this reason, it is the good formation of this area that underlies the social development of cities.
The increase in the volume of the services sector, in addition to bringing high income to the local budget, also has a positive effect on the employment of the city's population. The volume of services in kashkadarya region is 13262.4 billion as of the end of 2022. the sum was 118.4 percent higher than the previous year.
In the following years, there were also major changes in the structure of this sector, with an increase in paid medicine and education, communication, bank-Insurance, Legal Assistance Services; while the amount of traditional passenger transport, household, housing and communal services, cultural, sanatoriumResort and wellness, tourism and excursion services has decreased, the main part of paid services is still In particular, by the end of 2022, about 70% of the volume of regional services fell on the contribution of trade, transport and financial services. Thanks to the rapid development of communication and informatization, education, health, living and nutrition, rent, architecture and personal services, their contribution to services was 20.0 percent in total, while other industries were almost 10 percent.
Retail. Retail content is organized by food, non-food sales, catering enterprises. As in the whole country, in the Kashkadarya region, the needs of the population for the above-mentioned products are mainly met by urban settlements, and in proportion to this, the bulk of the retail volume of the district is formed at the expense of markets, department stores, catering enterprises located in cities and towns, where district and QFY centers are considered. An indicator of the economic geographical position of cities in the placement of retail enterprises, the task it performs, the number of inhabitants and the provision of transport Communications has a key place.
As of the end of 2021, the Kashkadarya region has a population of 8,851.4 crore. a sales service of Rs. The volume of retail sales in the Kashkadarya region accounts for almost 25 percent of the contribution of the city of Qarshi alone. Due to the convenience of the economic geographical position, there are large and specialized (automobile and spare parts, livestock, agricultural products and wholesale clothing, farm and building materials) markets in this city, in practice, these markets serve the entire population of the region.
The kashkadarya region is also opposed in terms of absolute retail volume per capita, with the Shahrisabz and Koson districts leading. While the per capita retail index in the region is large in the cities of Qarshi (2.920) and Shahrisabz (1.329), Mubarak (1.171), Koson (1.136) districts, far away from central cities such as Dehkanabad (1.135) and Mirishkor (1.287), it is lower than 1.000 in the remaining districts. In particular, against the retail index (0.502), Shahrisabz (0.544), Ghuzar (0.607), Yakkabog (0.665) as well as very few lamp districts (0.682). The reason for this can be cited as the use of their markets as a result of the proximity of these districts with the cities of Qarshi and Shahrisabz, which are considered the administrative and regional center of the region.
In general, the development of social spheres in the Kashkadarya region is inextricably linked with urbanization processes, the upper branch of which, as well as the main centers, are formed mainly in urban areas. The urban and rural population of Kashkadarya region is increasing at a relatively high level compared to other regions of the country. Population growth in its age structure also requires a wider development of social spheres in urban settlements.
References:
1. Decree of the president of the Republic of Uzbekistan "on measures to radically improve urbanization processes" No. PF-5623 (January 10, 2019). http://lex.uz/pages/getpage....
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