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образование; экологическая политика РТ; развитие сети ООПТ; прикладная экология; микроэволюция и биоразнообразие; паразиты тетрапод; палеозоология и др.).
5 мая исполнилось 100 лет со дня рождения Халимы Мухутдиновны Курбанга-лиевой (1910—2004), ученицы Н.А. Ливанова, зоолога и гидробиолога, заведующей кафедрой зоологии позвоночных Казанского университета (1954-1974), организатора и многолетнего руководителя Казанского отделения Гидробиологического общества (1968—1975). Под ее руководством в республике долгие годы велись интенсивные ихтиолого-гидробиологические исследования, получавшие непосредственный выход в народнохозяйственную практику.
Памяти Х.М. Курбангалиевой была посвящена научно-практическая конференция гидробиологов, проведенная биолого-почвенным факультетом Казанского университета 11 мая 2010 г. в Казани. 38 докладов, сделанных студентами и аспирантами, учениками и коллегами Х.М. Курбангалиевой из Казанского и Марийского университетов, Чувашского педуниверситета, Днепропетровского национального университета (Украина), Института проблем экологии и недропользования АН РТ, Института биологии внутренних вод РАН (Борок), Института археологии и этнографии СО РАН (Новосибирск), Волжско-Камского государственного природного биосферного заповедника, осветили деятельность Х.М. Курбангалиевой и ее вклад в науку и историю Казанского отделения ВГБО и казанской гидробиологической школы, включая отдельные направления исследований. Материалы конференции опубликованы в специальном сборнике (2010).
A French-Russian Meeting at the Collège de France in Paris (September 15-16 2010)
Jean-Gaël Barbara*, Jean-ClaudeDupont**,
Alexander Frolov***, Irina Sirotkina****
*Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris; [email protected] “Université de Picardie, Amiens;
***Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Moscow;
****Institute for the History of Science and Technology,
Moscow; [email protected]
The meeting was organized by GDRI (CNRS International Research Group on the history of the Franco-Russian relations in neuroscience): Jean-Gaël Barbara (Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris), Jean-Claude Dupont (Université de Picardie, Amiens), Alexander Frolov (Institute of Higher Nervous Activity, Moscow) and Irina Sirotkina (Institute for the History of Science and Technology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow) in collaboration with professor Alain Berthoz (Collège de France, Chaire de Physiologie de la perception et de l'action, Paris) who hosted the meeting at the Collège de France, and professor Eduard Kolchinsky (Saint Petersburg Branch of the Institute for the History of Science and Technology of the Russian Academy of Science). The meeting aimed to study
the relations between French and Russian scientists from the second half of the XIXth century in the life sciences.
An introduction was made by Jean-Claude Dupont on the theme of the meeting and the advancement of the work of the GDRI in 2010. Then, Edouard Kolchinsky (Institute for the History of Science and Technology, Saint-Petersburg) presented his research on the impact of Georges Cuvier and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck upon the development of evolutionary theory in Russia in the XIXth and XXth centuries. Although the existence of Russian neo-Lamarckism was rejected, professor Kolchinsky showed how the ideas of Cuvier and Lamarck were nevertheless fruitful both in the making of experiments and building new theories, while the impact of Darwin was both more important, but non contradictory with the French scientists. Anastasia Fedotova (Institute for the History of Science and Technology, Saint-Petersburg), focussed on Andrey N. Beketov, the father of Russian botanical studies. Although close to German science, Beketov published in French. He was raised by a French-speaking nurse, and remained faithful to French culture, in particular when he studied de Candolle. In his experimental botanical work, Beketov was close to Lamarckism and he argued for the adaptability of plants French authors praised. Igor Popov, also from Saint Petersburg, analysed the studies by Vladimir Kovalevsky in the field of paleontology. Kovalevsky studied fossils of extinct horses and his work was rather well received in France, although never much quoted. He developed Darwinian trends in paleontology against orthogenetic and Lamarckist views. Mikhail Konashev (Institute for the History of Science and Technology, Saint-Petersburg) , presented some relations between Teilhard de Chardin and Th. Dobzhansky on the new evolutionary synthesis and made explicit their common ideas.
Sergei Fokin, from the Saint Petersburg State University, gave a vivid account of the Zoological Station at Villefranche-sur-Mer, created and directed by Russian scientists between 1886 and 1931. The station was a meeting point for professors and students from all Europe. Alain Berthoz, from the Collège de France, described his long lasting endeavour in neuroscience pointing specifically to the weight of the Russian tradition in theoretical behavioural studies in his own projects. Anna Samokish (Institute for the History of Science and Technology, Saint-Petersburg), described the French contacts of Yuri Polyansky, his visits to Paris, his teachings, his work in Roscoff biological station and his relations with P.-P. Grassé.
Daniel Todes (Institute for the History of Medicine, of the Johns Hopkins University), analysed the life and work of Ivan Pavlov through a French lens. He examined Pavlov's concerns in psychology and interpersonal differences developed at the French Psychological Society in Paris in 1925, where Pavlov explained, in anthropomorphic terms, psychological traits of his dogs, using the term "Napoleonic dog". Pavlov analysed the subjective side of animal psychology based on emotions and on the Gestalt theory, and he defined "nervous types". He communicated about these topics with Janet, and his pupil Timaffiev had a scientific exchange with Charcot. Pavlov visited Janet's patients, as he was interested in psychiatry and developed experimental psychiatry, when he tried to obtain a dog with neurosis. Irina Sirotkina, from the Institute for the History of Science and Technology of the Russian Academy of Science, focussed on the work of Nikolai Bernstein. She commented on his visit to Paris in 1928 and his French relations. His biomechanical approach was pivotal in many fields of biology, and also in the work of stage director Meyerhold. The efforts made by Victor Henri and Alfred Binet in advertising this science were presented. Yuri P. Golikov, Director of the Museum of the Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, described some connections between French and Russian scientists in the field of Experimental Medicine, with a specific mention to Louis Pasteur and Metchnikov. Marat Ioffe, from the Institute of Higher
Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, presented motor-movement coordination studies with a specific focus on French-Russian relations, mentioning V. Gurfinkel, M. Alekseev, Jean Baron and the International Society for Posturography (1969-1986). Finally, Alexander Frolov and Elena Biryukova, from the same Institute, described French-Russian collaborations on mathematical modelling of movement.
The meeting was highly successful in bringing together much data and analyses on French-Russian relations in the biological sciences. Although not always well institutionalised and often loose, these relations merit a careful examination by historians and scientists since they reveal a close proximity of thought in many fields that were central in the development of science. Such historical research points to the necessity, in addition to the history of ideas based on reciprocal quotations of authors and on text analysis, to examine personal relations and oral history.
Русско-французская встреча в Коллеж де Франс (15-16 сентября 2010 г.)
Жан-Гаэль Барбара*, Жан-Клод Дюпон**,
Александр Фролов ***, Ирина Сироткина ****
*Университет Пьера и Марии Кюри, Париж, Франция; [email protected] **Университет Пикардии, Амьен, Франция ***Институт высшей нервной деятельности и нейрофизиологии, Москва, Россия ****Институт истории науки и техники, РАН, Москва, Россия; [email protected]
Целью встречи было изучение отношений между французскими и русскими учеными в области наук о жизни. По приглашению профессора Алена Бертоза, заведующего кафедрой физиологии восприятия и действия, она прошла во Французском коллеже. На открытии руководители проекта Ж.-К. Дюпон и А.А. Фролов рассказали о работе международной исследовательской группы по истории русско-французских связей в нейрофизиологии в 2008—2010 гг. Состоялись доклады исследователей из России и США Е.В. Бирюковой, Ю.П. Голикова, М.Е. Иоффе, Э.И. Колчинского, М.Б. Кона-шева, И.Ю. Попова, А. Самокиш, И.Е. Сироткиной, Д. Тодеса, А.А. Федотовой, С.И. Фокина и А.А. Фролова по истории контактов между учеными России и Франции в науках о жизни. Эти доклады и последующее обсуждение сделали, в частности, явным, что большой пласт связей между учеными двух стран не носил официального характера и потому до сих пор не привлекал пристального внимания историков науки. Тем не менее, он заслуживает тщательного изучения, как свидетельство интеллектуальной близости двух стран во многих центральных для развитии науки областях. Встреча дала много материала для анализа русско-французских отношений в области биологических наук и способствовала объединению усилий двух сторон. Следующая конференция в рамках проекта состоится в Санкт-Петербурге 13—14 сентября 2011 года; она организована Институтом истории естествознания и техники РАН (Санкт-Петербург) с партнерами.
