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6УДК: 635.632
РОСТ, РАЗВИТИЕ И ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ СОРТОВ И ГИБРИДОВ КАПУСТЫ БЕЛОКОЧАННОЙ В БУДУЩЕМ ПЕРИОДЕ
Санаев Собир Тоирович
Самаркандский институт агроинновации и научных исследований
Усматуллаев Ойбекжон Журабоевич
Самаркандскский государственный университет
Капуста белокочанная - самый важный и распространенный вид капусты с точки зрения хозяйственного производства. Она занимает 98-99% всей площади посевов капусты, 25-30% общей площади овощных культур в мире и 12-15% в Узбекистане. Сегодня в мире насчитывается 2,82 миллиона белокочанной капусты. выращивается на площади более одного гектара. Средняя урожайность составляет 29,4 тонны с гектара, а общая урожайность — 82,8 миллиона тонн.
Ключевые слова: Капуста белокочанная, продуктивность культуры, белок, витамин С, сахар, сорта и гибриды белокочанной капусты.
GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTIVITY OF WHITE CABBAGE VARIETIES AND HYBRIDS IN THE FUTURE PERIOD
White cabbage is the most important and widespread type of cabbage from the point of view of economic production. It occupies 98-99% of the total area planted with cabbage, 2530 % of the total area of vegetable crops in the world, and 12-15% in Uzbekistan. Today, there are 2.82 million white cabbages in the world. is grown on an area of more than one hectare. The average yield is 29.4 tons per hectare and the total yield is 82.8 million tons.
Key words: White cabbage, crop productivity, protein, vitamin C, sugar, white cabbage varieties and hybrids.
ERTANGI MUDDATDA OQBOSH KARAM NAV VA DURAGAYLARINING O'SISHI, RIVOJLANISHI VA HOSILDORLIGI
Oqbosh karam xo jalik-ishlab chiqarish jihatdan karam turlari orasida eng ahamiyatlisi va keng tarqalgan turi hisoblanadi. U karam ekilgan jami maydonning 98-99 % ini, umumiy sabzavot ekinlar maydonining dunyo bo'yicha 25-30, O'zbekistonda esa 12-15 % ini egallaydi. Bugungi kunda dunyo bo 'yicha oqbosh karam 2,82 mln. gektardan ortiq maydonda yetishtirilmoqda. O 'rtacha hosildorligi gektaridan 29,4 tonna va yalpi hosil 82,8 mln. tonnani tashkil etmoqda.
Kalit so'zlar: Oq karam, hosildorlik, oqsil, vitamin C, shakar, oq karam navlari va duragaylari.
Introduction: White cabbage contains 3.0-5.3% sugar, 1.1-2.3% protein, and 52.7 mg% vitamin C. In general, cabbage production in our Republic cannot fully satisfy the needs of the population and the canning industry's demand for this raw material. This certainly requires increasing crop productivity, expanding the area, developing varieties and hybrids resistant to all adverse conditions, proper planting periods, and the main elements of high-yielding technology.
Main part: Field experiments on the cultivation of white head cabbage varieties were conducted in the conditions of meadow gray soils of Okdarya district of Samarkand region. Cultivation characteristics, quality indicators, productivity and economic efficiency of cultivation of the following varieties of white cabbage were studied.
Materials and methods: Experiments, planting, crop care, harvesting, calculations, analysis of soil and plant samples were carried out in the scientific laboratory of the Samarkand Research Experimental Station of the Samarkand Institute of Agricultural Innovations and Research and the Scientific Research Institute of Vegetable Crops and Potatoes. The methods of "Methodology of conducting experiments in vegetable growing, rice growing and potato growing" (B.J.Azimov., B.B.Azimov. 2002), "Methodology of field experience" (B.A.Dospekhov. 1985) were used for conducting experiments.
Akdarya District of Samarkand Region is located in the Zarafshan Valley, and in the climatic conditions of the region, high temperature, light, dry and hot air temperature often change, which causes the weather conditions of the region to change dramatically in spring and autumn. One of the features of the region's climate is low precipitation and high amount of heat reaching the earth's surface through sunlight. This area is provided with irrigation sources due to the flow of the Okdarya and Karadarya rivers, so it shows that it is convenient to grow cabbage in this area.
Research of object: Varieties and hybrids of white cabbage such as Navruz, Eliza, Kofonet, Bourbon F1, Gregorian F1, Kandiza F1 were planted in the experiment.
Cabbage seeds were sown in a film greenhouse for the next crop on January 5-6 at a depth of 0.5-1.0 cm. Sown seeds germinated after 4-5 days. The average weight of seedlings prepared for planting in the open field was 22.5 - 25.7 grams per plant, the number of leaves was 5.2 - 5.8. Seedlings were planted in the field on the third day of March. Biometric measurements were taken during the growth and development of white cabbage varieties and hybrids. The average number of free green leaves in one bush of varieties and hybrids is 14.618.4, leaf band 0.7-1.2 cm, leaf length 21.7-25.7 cm, leaf width 15.2- 19.9 cm, leaf weight was 320-468 grams. In the experiment, the average performance of one head of cabbage was also analyzed in the studied varieties and hybrids. Also, the average height of one cabbage is 14.7-17.9 cm, width is 18.2-22.7 cm, index is 0.73-0.86 cm, weight is 1.1-2.1 kg did.
Among the cultivars and hybrids planted in our experiments, the largest number of green leaves was recorded in Kandiza F1 hybrid. This band of leaves was 1.0 cm long, 25.7 cm long, 19.9 cm wide, and weighed 468 grams. When the white cabbage varieties and hybrids were compared, the Eliza variety prevailed among the varieties in all indicators, and the Kandiza F1 hybrid prevailed among the hybrids.
Conclusion: So, instead of the conclusions, it should be noted that in the conditions of the meadow of Okdarya district of Samarkand region, in the conditions of gray soils, white cabbage varieties and hybrids were grown as a secondary crop, and 43.6-51.4 tons of yield was obtained per hectare. Also, the highest yield among the varieties was recorded in the Eliza variety (45.5 t/ha) and among the hybrids in the Kandiza F1 hybrid (51.4 t/ha).
REFERENCES:
1. Amirov B.M., Lukyanets V.N., Kiseleva N.A. Guidelines for varieties of white cabbage. -Alma-ata. Kaynar, 2005
2. Kitaeva E.I., Orlova V.I. White cabbage.-Moscow. Rosselkhozizdat. 1980.
3. Ostonakulov T., Zuev V., Kadirkhojaev O. Fruit growing and vegetable growing. Tashkent. 2018.
4. State register of agricultural crops recommended for planting in the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Tashkent. 2021.
