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Badalov N.J. associate professor Jizzakh Polytechnic Institute Orcid: 0000-0003-3392-9150 Nurmuminov S.B., magistr Jizzakh Polytechnic Institute
ROLE OF STANDARDIZATION AND METROLOGICAL SUPPLY IN
CONSTRUCTION
Abstract. Standardization is the establishment of a normative unit for product types, models, parameters, dimensions and quality, as well as production technology, testing and control methods, product placement, design, storage, etc.
Key words: standard, standardization, product, quality, quality indicators, technology.
A standard is a regulatory and technical document on standardization, approved by a special organization that imposes a set of rules, procedures and norms on standardization objects. These documents are developed on the basis of the achievements of science and technology, advanced experience [1]. They should consider the best solutions for the community. The standard can be developed for material objects and standards, rules, organizational-methodical objects and requirements of a general technical nature (for example, a drawing font, a specific form for drawings). Standards are divided into categories and types according to the scope, composition and level of approval. The organization, independence and optimal performance of work on standardization in the republic are carried out by the following agencies; for products intended for cross-industry use - Technical Regulatory Agency of Uzbekistan; the State Construction Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan on construction and construction services, including design and construction; The State Committee for Nature Protection of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the field of protection of the environment from pollution and other harmful effects; on control of medical products, natural technical goods, substances and products produced by the republic's industry to ensure that they do not contain harmful substances for humans - the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan [2].
A set of standards is a set of interconnected standards that determine the agreed requirements for interconnected standardization objects and are united in order to provide a solution to certain scientific-technical or socio-economic problems with normative documents. An international standard is a standard adopted by an international organization engaged in standardization and intended for a wide range of consumers. A regional standard is a standard adopted by a regional organization engaged in standardization and intended for a wide range of consumers. A national standard is a standard adopted by a national agency dealing
with standardization and intended for a wide range of consumers. Harmonized standards are standards adopted jointly by different bodies involved in standardization and related to the same objects, which ensure the mutual interchangeability of products, processes and services and the mutual recognition of the information provided or test results.. Unified standards are standards that are similar in content, but not harmonized in terms of presentation. Similar standards are standards that are harmonized both in terms of content and form. Standardization consists of selecting the optimal number of sizes or types of products, processes, and services needed to satisfy a particular need. The object of standardization is the thing to be standardized. The field of standardization is a set of interconnected standardization objects [3]. International standardization is standardization in which relevant authorities of all countries can participate. Regional standardization is standardization that is open only to the relevant authorities of the participating countries belonging to one geographical or economic region of the world. National standardization is standardization carried out within a specific country. The standards should be based on the general results of science, technology and experiments and should be aimed at achieving a high level of benefit for society. Depending on the level of standards, it operates on an international, regional, interstate, national and enterprise scale. State standards are aimed at speeding up the creation and adoption of high-quality types of new products at the stage of product development and putting them into production, and improving relations between producers, manufacturers and consumers. The standardization system determines the timely issuance of high-quality design and construction documents for the new product, the preparation of the new product of the enterprise based on the given quality indicators, and, if necessary, the removal of the product from production. Standardization sets requirements for creating good procedures and conditions for product placement, loading and placement, storage, product quality preservation in warehouses, transportation, product distribution, and sales organizations during product circulation and sales stages [4].
The main goals of standardization are to protect the interests of consumers and the state in terms of the safety of products, works and services for the life, health and property of the population, the environment, saving resources, and the mutual substitution and compatibility of products. to ensure uniformity, to increase the quality and competitiveness of products in accordance with the level of science and technology development, as well as the needs of the population and national economy, to help save all types of resources, to improve the technical and economic indicators of production, socio-economic, scientific -implementation of technical programs and projects, occurrence of natural and man-made disasters and other emergency situations, ensuring the safety of public facilities, taking into account the risk, informing consumers about the nomenclature and quality of manufactured products to provide complete and reliable information about, to ensure the defense capability and strength, to ensure
the unity of measurements, to confirm the indicators of product quality reported by the manufacturer [5].
The main tasks of standardization are to set the most optimal requirements for the quality and names of products for the benefit of the consumer and the state, to create a system of regulatory documents and rules for its development that determine the necessary requirements for products prepared for the needs of the state, citizens of the republic and foreign countries, development and application, as well as controlling the effective use of documents, ensuring the harmonization of standard requirements with the requirements of international, regional and national standards of industrialized foreign countries, ensuring all types of compatibility, as well as product interchangeability, unification based on the identification and application of parametric and type measurement series, basic constructions, structurally identical modular block components of products, agreement on the indicators and descriptions of the product, its components, products, raw materials and materials, and development, reduction of material and energy capacity, application of low-emission technologies, determination of requirements for ergonomic properties of products, determination of metrological standards, rules, regulations and requirements, widening of the use of international experience in standardization, the country's international and strengthening participation in regional standardization, in cases where the requirements of foreign countries can satisfy the needs of the national economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan, their international, regional and national standards are directly adopted as the country's standards and technical conditions expanding experience, setting requirements for technological processes, organizing work on international cooperation in the field of product standardization and the use of its results, creating and introducing a system of classification and coding of technical and economic information, ensuring testing in terms of normative and technical aspects, product quality certification, assessment and control [6].
"Metrology and metrological supply" is the field of scientific, technical and normative-methodological foundations necessary to ensure the uniformity and required accuracy of measurements. The novelty and importance of the scientific and technical problems of this specialty for the national economy is the development of new measuring methods and tools and the improvement of the existing ones, solving new scientifically based organizational and methodological problems aimed at ensuring the unity of measurements and the required accuracy, as well as is to eliminate and exclude the negative consequences of unreliable measurement results. Products (services) and technological processes, equipment of enterprises and testing laboratories, methods and means of measurement, testing and inspection, regulatory documents, systems of metrological assurance of scientific, production, social and environmental activities are considered objects of professional activity.. In Uzbekistan, the main task is to promote the unity of measurements in industry, health care, communication systems, trade, defense, accounting for resources (water, gas, oil, electricity), nature protection
and other economic activities. is the largest applied metrology organization that is riding and maintaining [7].
The main areas of metrological activity are comparison, calibration, testing of measuring instruments for the purpose of type approval, metrological examination and certification of test equipment and measurement methods. Meteorological service is provided. The consistent increase of metrological potential allows to regularly master the types of comparison, calibration and testing of new measuring instruments. The correctness of mutual calculations between suppliers and consumers of fuel, heat, water is ensured only in main oil and gas pipelines, oil refineries, oil bases, oil and gas metering stations, heat and water supply systems can be guaranteed under the condition of efficient and independent metrological supply of means of measuring the consumption of gas, water, heat, electricity and oil products. In accordance with the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Metrology", accounting of material assets and energy resources is included in the scope of state metrology inspection and control, and for this reason, all gas, cold and hot water and electricity metering devices are subject to state metrology inspection and control. is included in the scope of control and should be subject to mandatory inspection based on the specified intercomparison interval [8].
In conculusion, the interval between comparisons is determined by the technical regulatory agency of Uzbekistan in accordance with the named list of measuring instruments that must be subjected to mandatory state comparison. The procedure for disassembling and comparing gas meters, types of comparisons, intervals between comparisons, repair and installation after comparison is approved by the joint decision of the Technical Regulatory Agency of Uzbekistan and the Uzdavneftgasinspection. It is regulated in the regulation on the procedure for comparison of gas metering devices.
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