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SOCIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Role of social education in formation of the theory of social work in Russia Khadisova K. (Russian Federation) Роль социального образования в формировании теории социальной работы в России Хадисова К. В. (Российская Федерация)
Хадисова Карина Вахаевна / Khadisova Karma - аспирант, ассистент, кафедра гуманитарных, естественнонаучных и социальных дисциплин, Чеченский государственный университет, г. Грозный
Abstract: in this article reveals about historical and cultural development of social education in Russia. In article the main stages and key features of formation of social education in Russia, unique experience, and also a role of public institutes and patronage. Аннотация: в статье рассматривается историческое и культурное развитие социального образования в России. В статье рассмотрены основные этапы и ключевые особенности формирования социального образования в России, уникальный опыт, а также роли общественных институтов и патронажа.
Keywords: philanthropy, social education, patronage activity. Ключевые слова: филантропия, социальное образование, патронаж.
The history of social education in Russia goes to depth of centuries. Need of the appeal to research of the Russian history of social education is caused by importance of disclosure of theoretic and methodological approaches of formation and development of a domestic education system, and also role of public and private initiatives, the territorial movement in formation of both the state, and non-governmental sector on preparation of qualified personnel for needs of the social sphere. The history of social education in Russia is based on traditions of mercy and voluntary charity, on spiritual and moral ideals, on extensive materials of the social and educational. The system of social education in Russia developed throughout centuries. Adoption of Christianity in Russia promoted creation of special schools for priests, construction of temples and monasteries. The new stage of social education was connected with activity of educational houses in Russia. I. I. Betsky, having examined system of educational houses in Milan, Lyon and Paris, I offered the project of the Russian educational houses. The first such house was open in Moscow in 1764, and in St. Petersburg - 1771. In 1801 the empress Maria Fiodorovna with the assistance of P. A. Demidov in St. Petersburg founded Povivalny institute, in it girls from poor families were trained. The emperor Alexander I specially invited V. Gayui who in 1806 opened the first institute for blind in which various sciences, crafts and music were taught. In 50-60 XIX century expansion of schools for persons with limited physical capacities, in many respects thanks to Maria Fiodorovna's empress and her Imperial Philanthropic society was noted. Their merits included the organization of orphan schools, development of female education, creation of special houses - diligence. The wide circulation in Russia of patronage and philanthropists on which means teaching and educational establishments opened was distinctive features of this period. Cancellation of a serfdom and the subsequent territorial reforms set the new tasks for social education in Russia. In territorial experience the integrated approach to statement of national education that found the reflection in organic connection of the solution of such important tasks as is of special interest: broad construction of school buildings, formation of teacher's shots, introduction of progressive
educational system, creation of a network of cultural establishments: libraries, book warehouses, folk theaters and people's houses.
Were created by the territorial a network of drugstores, medical assistant's and medical courses are open; the medicine began to enter the country environment. In 1860-1880 the large charitable organizations in Russia (Department of establishments of the Empress Maria, Imperial Philanthropic society, the Russian society of the Red cross).Social education develops in the Soviet period within social security system where it was carried out not only reproduction of shots for this branch, but also the network of residential care in which education and training of children and adults was carried out developed. Certainly, broad changes in the 1990th in economic, socio-political, cultural life of Russia demanded conscious and system approach to problems of social education. In this regard, first of all, there are actual priorities of development of system of training of specialists of the social sphere, that is the professionals solving problems of rendering the address, target help to various groups of the population, socially unprotected layers (to the unemployed, children -disabled people) [1, S. 186].
For rather short term of the existence of specialties and the directions of professional education (is begun in 1991) training of specialists of a social profile assumed an impressive scale. Now social education assumes training of experts of the social sphere in the basic rules of activity of the person in society, development of social culture, formation of social thinking and action, culture of social feelings and culture of the social organization. Actively the system of additional education of workers of the social sphere develops, training of teachers of chairs, higher education institutions, faculties of a social profile is conducted. First of all, refer to the main objectives of social education: achievement of social justice and social and economic stability, prevention of social problems; development and deployment of innovative technologies of personal realization.
Thus, we come to a conclusion that social education in Russia has long history, representing sociocultural system, adapting for various changes of a situation, opened to innovations in the social sphere of activity of society.
References
1. Khadisova K. V. Social-cultural features of social work: historical-philosophical analysis. Historical, philosophical, political and jurisprudence, cultural science and art criticism. Questions of the theory and practice. - 2014. - №. 11-1(49). C. 183-186.
