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9REVIVAL OF DAIRY SHEEP FARMING IN KUBAN
Svetlichniy S.I.
Applicant, Kuban State Agricultural University, Russia
Bondarenko N.N.
Dr. Agr. Sc., Professor, Department of Parasitology, veterinary expertise and zoohygiene, Kuban State Agricultural University, Russia
Selionova M.I.
Dr. Biol. Sc., Professor of RAS, Director, All-Russian Research Institute of Sheep and Goat Breeding - a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "North Caucasus Federal Scientific Agrarian Center", Russia
Svistunov S.V.
Cand. Agr. Sc., Senior Researcher, department of cultivation and genetics of farm animals, Krasnodar Research Centre for Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Russia
ABSTRACT
The paper analyzes data on the current state of sheep farming and sheep milk production in the world. The technology of industrial keeping of dairy sheep with high genetic potential in the conditions of Kuban is described. The data on the first industrial dairy sheep farming project in Kuban and its development prospects are presented. Keywords: dairy sheep farming, technology of keeping, Lacaune, sheep milk, processing.
Over the past seventeen years, the number of sheep in the world increased from 1.06 billion to 1.2 billion, due to an increase in the number of sheep of
More than half of the 187 countries in the world engaged in sheep farming breed dairy sheep [2]. In comparison with 2000, the largest increase in sheep milk production is currently observed in Africa -
During the same period, the number of wool sheep decreased by 15% (Fig. 1), which determined the positive dynamics of an increase in the production of lamb by
153.8%, Asia - 133.8%. In Russia, for the same period, the production of sheep milk increased 16.2 times (Table 1) [1].
Region Year
2000 2005 2010 2016
Russia 0,40 0,81 0,94 6,5
Ukraine 17,6 24,1 51,6 17,1
Moldova 13,9 21,1 23,6 21,7
Kazakhstan 34,8 42,0 23,7 33,5
Uzbekistan - - 70,4 83,4
Kyrgyzstan 26,0 38,0 36,0 37,3
Azerbaijan 12,1 20,3 24,4 32,1
Georgia 14,4 23,7 17,5 6,9
Armenia 9,7 31,5 40,7 62,3
meat and dairy breeds by 11.0 and 26.3%, respectively. 15% and sheep milk by 24.5% [1]
Figure 1.
Dynamics of the number of sheep in the world according to the types ofproductivity, (according to FAO)
Table 1
Dynamics of sheep milk production, thousand tons (according to FAO)
In many countries of the world, sheep dairy products cost more than lamb and wool production in terms of economic efficiency. In Greece, France, Portugal, the share of sheep milk is at least 15% in the overall structure of milk production, and in Spain it reaches 30% [4].
In July 2015, for the reconstructed commercial dairy sheep farm "Pervenets", of the family farm of Ni-kolaev M.I 10 rams and 276 young ewes of Lacaune breed were purchased from the commune of Baraquille, administrative centre of the canton of Baraquille-Sovter of the Aveyron Department in the south of France.
Lacaune animals are adapted for machine milking. The productivity of sheep is characterized by the following characteristics: the average milk yield per lactation is 400 liters (the record sheep is up to 650 liters); fat content in milk - 6.5-8.0%, protein - 5.0-6.0%; fertility - 130-180%; the weight of newborn lambs is about 4 kg. Average daily weight gain of more than 300 grams per day provides by the age of 7-9 months the body weight more than 80% by weight of adult animals. The average weight of ewes is 70-75 kg, stud rams -95-100 kg [5].
The "Pervenets" commercial and dairy sheep farm uses the technology of the year-round stable keeping on deep litter. Maintaining the parameters of the microclimate is provided by: aeration ridge, arranged along the entire roof; window transoms around the perimeter of the building; "accelerating" fans over the feeding area as well as deep straw bedding, the bio-thermal fermentation of which creates additional warmth and dryness of the bed. With fluctuations in the ambient temperature from -20°C to + 30°C and a constant inflow of fresh air, in the buildings where the ewes are kept, the optimum is maintained within + 12°C - + 24°C.
A circulating system with heating and water supply provides group watering in cup-type automatic drinkers. Mixing and distribution of feed is carried out by the Siloking hook-on mixer feeder on the concrete
feeding area with simultaneous 100% placement of animals. The fodder of the same type is used throughout the year.
The technology of growing lambs is provided for weaning immediately after lambing, with placement in maternity departments with a temperature not lower than + 23°C. During the milk period (up to 3 months), feeding of lambs is carried out by the milk replacer with an artificial feeding apparatus. From the tenth day, lambs begin the training to the starter feed, from the fourth month - a gradual adaptation to a typical feeding ration.
Milking of animals is carried out twice a day, with an interval of 12 hours by the milking machine of GEA PharmTechnology, the parallel of Mdisplacement 2x16, the TOP FLOW milking machine with automatic removal. The resulting milk enters the tank cooler through the milk line. Milk produced has an acidity not higher than 26°T and bacterial contamination no more than 1.0 x 105CFU / cm3/g MAFAM.
The milk processing workshop, which is located at a distance of 14 km from the farm, produces high-quality hard cheeses, such as Manchego (Spanish Manchego - Lamanchsky), own brands - Lefkadia, Lefkadia' Reserve and soft cheese - "Rokfor" (fr. Roquefort) and "Pinot".
Sheep insemination is carried out with hormonal stimulation in the anestrous period, in five cycles: March-April; May-June; July-August; September-October; November-December. In 85% of cases, artificial insemination is used, in 15% - manual mating.
Reducing the amount of milk for feeding lambs and the transition to the milk replacer allows you to increase the volume of milk supplied to the production of cheese (Table 2).
The output to the production capacity of the farm for the production and processing of sheep milk - 1000 dairy ewes, will allow to achieve a gross production of at least 290 tons of milk per year and to produce large batches of high-quality cheeses.
Item 2016 2017
Number of dairy sheep, heads 159 219
Milk produced, kg 46 622 64 605
Spent on production of cheese, kg 33 561 49 114
Average productivity of ewes for 183 days lactation, kg 293,0 295,0
Milk given to lambs total, kg 13 061 15 395
Milk given to lambs per one lamb, kg 65,3 47,3
Fed milk replacer (dry weight) total, kg 591 3 195
Fed milk replacer (dry weight) per one lamb, kg 2,96 9,8
Survival rate ewes, % 94,5 95,0
Survival rate young sheep (under 10 months), % 75,5 74,4
Average daily live weight gain of young sheep, g 0-3 months 4-7 months 195,5 165,0 210,0 175,0
Table 2
Production Performance on the dairy sheep farm of "Pervenets"
References
1. FAOSTAT. Statistics Department. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Statistical database in the field of food and agriculture - Access mode: http: //www.fao.org/poisk (10/18/2018).
2. Komlatsky V.I. Prospects for the development of meat and dairy sheep breeding in the South of Russia // Collected Papers of the North Caucasus Research Institute of Animal Husbandry. - 2016. -V. 5. - №2. -P.185-190.
3. Erokhin A.I. Sheep breeding / A.I. Erokhin, V.I. Kotarev, S.A. Erokhin. - Voronezh: Voronezh State Agrarian University, 2014. - 450 p.
4. Onopriyko V.A. Sheep's milk is one of the potential resources for ensuring the country's food security / V.A. Onopriyko // Proceedings of the Universities. Food Technology. - 2009. - № 4. - P. 13-14.
5. Bogatova O.V. Chemistry and physics of milk: studies guide / O.V. Bogatova, N.G. Dogareva. - Orenburg: SEI OSU, 2004 - 137 p.
ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF FETILIZER NUTRITION ELEMENS OF PERRENIAL GRASSES IN GRAY FOREST SOILS OF TATRSTAN REPUBLIC
Khismatullin M.M.
Candidate of Economical Science, associate professor. Kazan State Agrarian University
ABSTRACT
In fodders production mineral fertilizers costs take from 25% to 30 % of total expenses and this is one of the main reasons of high price for meat and dairy products in retail sale. That is why in highly developed countries where there is a high productiveness of breeding animals and where the livestock products are competitive it is considered that usage of biological stimulating agents of growth and micro fertilizers and less expensive sources of main nutrition elements are thought prospective line of development crop growing and also fodder production.
Hence, in this scientific article it is described comparative evaluation of efficiency of 6 extra nutrition sources for perennial grasses in low fertile gray forest soils of Tatarstan Republic.
Keywords: Fertilizers: Rizogrin, Azotovit, Phosphatovit, IzagriFors, awnless brome, fescue grass, timothy grass, yield, crude protein, prime cost, profitability.
Introduction. The role of perennial grasses in fodder production is not limited. Perennial grasses are not used only as a sources of protein, but they are also the sources of mineral matters, fibre, crude fat, amount of sugar, wide range of vitamins and provitamins (A, B, C, E, P), as well as they are very important in promotion of the animals' heath. The sun rays, open air pastures help to promote animals' metabolism, improve life activities, increase animals' appetite. Eventually all these factors in combination with high concentration of valuable matters in fresh grass in pastures raise the productivity and decrease infertility, improve animal yield, promote animals, and improve cattle health against different illnesses. In fact, it is impossible to breed good quality livestock without good pastures as well as it is impossible to get heavy milk production and to get high gain of cattle in low cost fodder sagina-tion.
That is why, if we want to produce cattle-breeding products and they should be available to the wide range of people it is necessary to harvest the main fodders with sowing perennials with minimum price cost on the base of widely used of innovative technologies in pre-seeding preparation and modern high -profitable alternative sources of nutrition elements.
Conditions, place and methods of the research. Field experiments, followed with calculation, analyses, and researching obtain results had being done during 2011-2015 years in the field of agronomical department of Kazan State Agrarian University with GPS coordinates: N 55°39'51". E 49°11'33". Agrochemical characteristics of experimental field were completely on a par with typical gray forest soil, this kind of soil occupies 38 % of the fields in Tatarstan Republic. The pri-
mary humus content after Tyurin is 3,91 %, labile phosphorus is 152, exchange potassium is 168 mg/kg of soil after Kirsanov. The acidity of soil is subacidic (pH of salt extract is 5, 9). The soil density was within normal range 1, 2 g/ sm3, minimum humidity was rather high (soil can hold moistness in its content to 29% of moisture).
Agro meteorological conditions in researched years were not different from average weather conditions in this area. Precipitation amount for the period May-September was from 220 mm to 235 mm. May was warmer, the temperature was average to +11-12°C, the temperature in May usually is +10, 5°C.
The experience was done 4 times, the whole field area was 72 m2 (3,6x20), experienced area was 21 m2. Experiences, records, analyses and calculations and reports of the research were carried out by the procedure of the Russian Scientific Research Institute of Fodders after the name of Williams V.R. (1997).
In the experiments it was applied and researched only those biological preparations and alternative power supply sources which are licensed by law of Russian Federation. Seed treatment with fundazol had been done two months before sowing; seed treatment with biological preparations was done directly during sowing day in dark room. The main tillage and pre-seeding tillage was done in a way which is typically for forest steppe zone in the Middle Volga region.
The subject of research is the perennial grasses. These are awnless brome 60 %+ fescue grass 20%+ timothy grass 20%. The mixture of three crop grasses was regulated with seeding rate in Million seeds per hectare geminating seeds. The fresh grass was mowed twice a season: the first grass cutting was made in phase
