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деятельностного подхода, формировать ключевые компетенции обучающихся. Создают условия для развития личности и ее самореализации на основе готовности к непрерывному образованию, компетентности «научить учиться», толерантности жизни, высокой социальной мобильности.
Список литературы:
1. Сафронова И.А. Федеральный государственный образовательный стандарт среднего (полного) общего образования / И.А. Сафронова. - М.: Просвещение, 2014. - 63 с.
2. Махмутов М.И. Проблемное обучение. Основные вопросы теории / М.И. Махмутов. - М.: Педагогика, 1975. - 368 с.
3. Пахомова Н.Ю. Учебное проектирование / Н.Ю. Пахомова, И.В. Сувол-кина // Справочник заместителя директора школы. - 2010. - № 3. - С. 49-61.
4. Карпачёва Т.В. Проектирование уроков по основам безопасности жизнедеятельности в системе модульного обучения / Т.В. Карпачёва. - Мичуринск: МГПИ, 2007. - 66 с.
5. Чагин Д. Компьютерные технологии в преподавании курса ОБЖ / Д. Чагин // ОБЖ. Основы безопасности жизни. - 2006. - № 11. - С. 36-38.
RESEARCH THE EFFECTIVE NEW TYPES OF COGNITIVE ACTIVITY IN THE LEARNING PROCESS
© Kirgizbayeva A.O.*, Baktybaeva L.K.
Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology,
Almaty
The questions of activation of educating behave to the number of most issues of the day of modern pedagogical science and practice. Realization of principle of activity in educating has the defined value, as educating and development carry active character and from quality of educating, as activity, the result of educating, development and education of students depends.
Key words: intensification of the educational process, the quality of teaching effectiveness, cognitive activity, students, teachers, biology, teaching methods.
A key problem in the decision of task of increase of efficiency and quality of educational process is activation of process of educating. Her special meaningful-
* Магистрант.
ness consists of that studies, being reflecting-transforming activity, are sent not only to perception of educational material but also on forming of relation taught to the most cognitive activity. Transforming character of activity is always related to activity of subject [1]. The knowledge got in the prepared kind, as a rule, cause difficulties of students in their application to explanation of the looked after phenomena and decision of concrete tasks. One of substantial lacks of knowledge of students is remained by formalism that shows up in tearing away of the theoretical positions learned by heart by students from ability to apply them in practice [2].
Developing cognitive creative flairs of students is an aim of activity of teacher and he consists of activation of process of educating. But it is simultaneously necessary to give to itself a report in that, whether the used receptions and methods are optimal, answering aims and tasks of further perfection of their cognitive abilities [3].
Applying one or another methods and receptions of activation, it is necessary always to take into account the present level of developing cognitive flairs of students. Intricate cognitive problems can be produced only that by students that possess the high level of developing cognitive flairs. Naturally, at raising of practical tasks in the process of educating on laboratory and practical employments it is necessary to take into account the level of equipment and methodological equipment of works [4].
Facilities of educating are various objects, phenomena, facts, teaching the programs assisting the increase of efficiency of educational activity in accordance with aims and tasks of educating. In this connection it is possible to distinguish three basic types of facilities of educating: the real (natural) objects and processes, sign (graphic) deputies of the real objects and processes, verbal or verbal facilities. All facilities of educating are one or another methods of expression of fixing of maintenance of biology and organization educational-cognitive activity [5].
Real, or natural, objects are microslides, organisms living or fixed. The real properties of the studied objects can be perceived by not only sight but also olfactories, rumor, touch. By a sign, or graphic, the substitutes of the real objects and processes are tables with an image, for example, of structure of cage, organisms, ecosystems, rotation of substances, etc. charts, photos and материализованные models of different objects and processes, belong Here, for example model of DNA, model of work of heart, plaster casts of minerals animal and televisional images. As the special group of graphic manuals, computer multimedia facilities of educating come forward [6].
Verbal, or verbal facilities are a book, including textbook, word of teacher, speaker text accompanying tel or shots, software for work with a computer (videoshots, models, programs of actions and control after achievements), tests and working notebooks. Facilities, educating that fix educational maintenance is
usually used for realization of principle of evidentness for the increase of efficiency of educational process [7].
The methods of the use of these facilities of educating are different. Educating is a process of co-operation of teacher and students during the prosecution of certain maintenance of educational material for his mastering and capture by the methods of cognitive activity. To carry out the process of educating, it is necessary to organize him. The different forms of organization of educating come forward to that end, i.e. methods. They are external expression of the concerted activity of teacher and students, carried out in accordance with established procedure and certain mode.
On determination of N.M. Verzilin and V M. Korsun, form of organization educating is organization of educational-cognitive activity of students, corresponding to the different terms of her realization (in a class, excursion in nature), by the used teacher in the process of the educative educating [8].
From all methods of educating acquainted for all and most informing it is possible to name a lecture. For short period of time really to give out the large volume of knowledge to the students.
A lecture is one and from basic forms lessons in higher educational establishments, being systematic, successive exposition by a teacher certain division of concrete science or educational discipline [9].
Preparation to the lecture plugs in itself:
- it is collection of material on the topic of lecture;
- it is drafting of plan of lecture;
- it is a selection of material for a lecture;
- it is pressing of lecture.
After every good lecture is enormous labour. A specialist collects material in area of the science all life. Minimum term of preparation it is a week. It is necessary to know a theme, setting, place and character of audience, her preparedness to perception of theme.
A lecture consists of three parts: entry, exposition and conclusion.
An entry is called to interest and influence an audience on listening of lecture, it is therefore necessary to begin with a main and leading idea that then will take the central place. Exposition is basic part of lecture, all theme will be realized in that. Absorbing in itself all actual material, his analysis and estimations, central part of lecture incarnates her ideas and exposes theoretical positions. During exposition all forms and methods of judgement, argumentation and proofs are used. Oratorical style matters [10].
A conclusion has for an object to generalize in short formulations basic ideas of lecture, logically completing her as integral creation, and also to direct further independent work of students, pawn basis for next lectures. Except advantages,
this method has the defects. It is possible main to name that in the process of realization of lecture more than 80 percents of information in general are not mastered by listeners [11].
By the most successful methods in mastering the students of knowledge are active methods of educating. Essence of active methods of educating, abilities and skills sent to forming, consists of that, to provide implementation the students of those tasks, in the process of decision of that they independently seize abilities and skills [12].
A display and development of active methods of educating are conditioned by that before educating the tasks of not only mastering by the students of knowledge and forming of professional abilities and skills but also developing creative and communicative flairs of personality, forming of the personality going were put near arising up problem [13].
So, the direct engaging of students in active educational-cognitive activity during an educational process is constrained with the use of receptions and methods, getting the generalized name «Active methods of educating». Here some of them:
1. Method of «Block».
On the verges of block beginning of questions is written: «Why», «Explain», «Name», «Offer», «Think», «Share». A teacher (or student) gives up a block. It is necessary to set forth a question to educational material, that verge a block will fall out on that.
For example, question begun with a word «Name» can correspond to the level of reproduction, i.e. to the simple reproducing of knowledge. Questions begun with words «Why» correspond to the so-called judicial knowledge. A student must find causal inquisitional connections in this case, describe processes what be going on with a certain object or phenomenon. Answering a question «Explain» a student uses concepts and principles in new situations, applies laws, theories in concrete practical situations, demonstrates correct application of method or procedure. And, certainly, «Offer» tasks. «Think» of., «Share» directed to on activation cogitative activity of student. He distinguishes the hidden (non-obvious) suppositions, differentiates between facts and consequence/pls, analyses, estimates meaningfulness of data, uses knowledge from different areas, pays attention to accordance of conclusion to present data. Fully obviously, that the banal cramming will not help a student effectively to master educational material.
2. A method is «House».
The students it is offered to generalize all new knowledge and structurally present accumulating information in an evident image «house». But a house (cottage, 2th, 3th building.) students draw. Task of student - to paint: That is foundation, stair, door, window? From what bricks, i.e. associate inter se elements is
there an integral picture? That is a roof? Separate elements to the construction of house are finished building independently, depending on present information and authorial (student) vision.
Presently an educational process requires permanent perfection, because there is changing of priorities and social values: scientific and technical progress is all anymore realized as means of achievement of such level of production, that in a most measure answers satisfaction of constantly rising necessities of man, development of spiritual wealth of personality. Therefore a modern situation in preparation of specialists requires the native change of strategy and tactics of educating in institution of higher learning. Main descriptions of graduating student of any educational establishment are his competence and mobility. In this connection accents at the study of educational disciplines are carried on the process of cognition efficiency of that fully depends on cognitive activity of student [14].
References:
1. Polat E.S. New pedagogical and information technologies in the education system: Proc. Collec. for students ped. Universities / E.S. Polat, M.Yu. Buharki-na, M. Moiseev, A. Petrov. - M.: «Academy», 2000. - 272 p.
2. Traynev VA., Traynev I.V The informationtional pedagogical communication technology (generalizations and recommendations): Proc. Collec. / VA. Traynev, I.V. Traynev. - 2nd ed. - M.: «Dashkov and K°», 2005. - 280 p.
3. Zakharova I.G Information technology in education: Textbook. Collec. for students. Executive. ped. Proc. Head. / I.G. Zakharova. - M.: «Academy», 2003. -192 p.
4. Bartenev T.P., Remontova A.P. The use of information and computer technologies in biology lessons [electronic resource] / T.P. Bartenev, A.P. Remontova // Materials of the conference «Information and Communication Technologies in Education» International Federation Penza Center online education. IT0-2003 / Section 8 - Access: www.ict.edu.ru/vconf/index.
5. Russian Pedagogical Encyclopedia: In 2 kn. Bk. 2 / hl. ed. VV Davydov. -M.: «Great Russian Encyclopedia», 1999.
6. Ponomarev I. General methods of teaching biology / VI. Ponomarev, V Solomin, G.D. Sidelnikov. - Moscow: Academy, 2003. - 272 p.
7. Yakunchev M.A., Volkova O.V., etc. Methods of teaching biology / M.A. Yakunchev, O.V Volkova, O. Aksenov et al.; under. Ed. M.A. Yakunche-va. - M.: «Academy», 2008. - 320 p.
8. Arbuzov E.N. Common methods of teaching biology lectures / E.N. Ar-buzov. - Omsk: OSPU, 2010. - 516 p.
9. Great Encyclopedic Dictionary. Modern encyclopedia [Electronic resource]. - Access: http://dic.academic.ru.
10. Course «Multimedia Systems» theme 2. Modern multimedia systems. State University of Moldova [Electronic resource]. - Access: www:usm.md/do/ VIRTUALKA7tema2.html.
11. Most modern encyclopedia. Pedagogy / comp. E.S. Rapatsevich. - Minsk: IOOO «The modern word», 2005. - 720 p.
12. Bondarenko E.A. Technical means of training in modern school / E.A. Bondarenko, A.A. Jurin, I.A. Milutin; ed. A.A. Zhurina. - M.: «Yuvens», 2004. - 416 p.
13. Mega-encyclopedia of Cyril and Methodius [electronic resource]. -Access mode: http://www.megabook.ru.
14. Kleiman G.M. of the future school: the computers in the learning process / GM. Kleiman; per. from English. - Moscow: Radio and communication, 1987. -176 p.
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ЗДОРОВЬЕСБЕРЕГАЮЩИХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ НА ЗАНЯТИЯХ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО МОДУЛЯ «ВЫПОЛНЕНИЕ РАБОТ ПО ПРОФЕССИИ МЛАДШАЯ МЕДИЦИНСКАЯ СЕСТРА ПО УХОДУ ЗА БОЛЬНЫМИ»
© Толстихина Е.В.
Краевое государственное бюджетное профессиональное образовательное учреждение «Красноярский медицинский техникум», г. Красноярск
Рассматривается содержание здоровьесберегающих технологий и его влияние на образовательный процесс на занятиях профессионального модуля «Выполнение работ по профессии младшая медицинская сестра по уходу за больными».
Ключевые слова: здоровьесберегающие технологии, состояние здоровья обучающихся, учебный процесс.
Современный учебный процесс, с использованием новых форм и технологий обучения, основанный на компьютеризации приводит к гиподинамии обучающихся и к снижению адаптированности студентов, что может привести к ухудшению здоровья, увеличению численности студентов с хроническими заболеваниями, снижению успеваемости.
Мониторинг состояния здоровья обучающихся, является одним из факторов, входящих в структуру здоровьесберегающего образовательного пространства.
