CC BY
1
UDC 311.21:331.526
Bohdaniuk O., PhD
Senior lecturer of the department of Statistics and Economic Analysis National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Ukraine, Kiev Hryhorievykh A.
National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Ukraine, Kiev
RESEARCH OF THE MOST POPULAR SPECIALTIES IN UKRAINE
AMONG ENTRANS IN 2020
Annotation. One of the conditions for the prosperity of the country is highly qualified specialists who develop the main powerful industries of the country. An important condition for such personnel is the required number of specialists. Therefore, it is important to understand the choice of graduates for future professions.
Keywords: entry 2020, the most popular specialties, budget places, choice of specialty, labor market, Ukraine
The choice of specialties for entrants is an important component not only for the graduates themselves, but also for our country. Therefore, it is important to understand their preferences and how they choose their future profession. To better understand this issue, we analyze the statistics of the Ministry of Education and Science, State Electronic Database on Education (SEDE) and labor market trends.
According to SEDE, this year a record number of applications were submitted, more than 1 million electronic and paper applications (in total 1,591,290) for admission to bachelor's, master's and junior specialist degrees. Of these, more than 1 million electronic, namely 1,178,572 applications and paper 412,718 (tabl. 1) [1].
Table 1
Applications that were submitted in Ukraine, 2020
Educational level Average competition Number of Number of
score applications applications for the budget
Bachelor 154,4 933 169 461 510
Master 168,2 42 888 22 262
Junior bachelor 134,0 4575 1678
Professional junior 430,5 155 634 136 434
bachelor
Analyzing this table on the qualitative and quantitative composition of applications submitted by entrants, we can determine that most entrants applied
for the educational level Bachelor and Professional Junior Specialist, the highest competitive score for admission to the educational level Master 168.2.
Regarding specialties and educational institutions chosen by entrants, the Ministry of Education and Science provided the following data of Top 10 most popular specialties for entering 2020: Law - 116 thousand 689; Management - 92 thousand 147; Philology - 76 thousand 708; Computer Science - 63 thousand 410; Secondary education - 62 thousand 676; Economy - 50 thousand 841; Software Engineering - 47 thousand 038; Finance, banking and insurance - 46 thousand 844; Psychology - 43 thousand 791; Marketing - 42 thousand 379 [2]. These data show that this year the top 3 includes humanities and pedagogy, management specialties and IT specialists.
During this change in the bids, the number of budget places in the specialty was changed. As the Ministry of Education and Science strengthens educational institutions this year, which can be admitted to the budget by 6% less than last year. According to them, the state order for the following technical professions has been increased: information technologies - by 39.9%; mechanical engineering - by 13.3%; electrical engineering - by 11.6%; production and technologies - by 11.1%; humanities - by 10.8%; chemical and bioengineering - by 10.0%; electronics and telecommunications - by 10.0%; agricultural sciences and pleasure - by 9.1%; mathematics and statistics - by 8.8%.
Due to the increase of budget places in these areas, the state order in the following areas of knowledge was also reduced: service sector - by 47.4%; journalism - by 30.3%; management and administration - by 24.0%; law - by 17.6%; social and behavioral sciences - by 11.6%; international relations - by 6.3%. If we consider the situation with budget places for Masters on the basis of the educational level Bachelor, then their volume is 45 thousand places. The state order is smaller than last year's number, which is due to a decrease in the number of Bachelor's graduates.
In order to understand the distribution of budget places and students for certain professions, we analyze the labor market (Fig. 1).
13.30%
Agriculture
■ Construction
16.00% , i 44 10% 1 Industry
■ Transport
■ Trade and repair 4.00% ■ Others
5.70%
16.90%
Fig. 1. Employment by type of economic activity in Ukraine, 2020
The diagram clearly shows the composition of the Ukrainian labor market and shows that the largest employment is present in the field of agricultural activities, construction and industrial activities. This also shows the country's need for workers in these industries.
This can also be seen from Figure 2, which shows the registered vacancies by type of economic activity (for 2019-2020) according to the statistics of the State Employment Service [3].
Agriculture, forestry and..
Processing industry Trade and repair Education Public administration and.
Health care Transport, warehousing Electricity supply Construction Accommodation and catering Administrative service Water supply Professional and scientific. Mining industry Others
Registered
vacancies
2019
Registered vacancies 2020
0
50
100
150
Fig. 2. The registered vacancies by type of economic activity in Ukraine, 2019 - 2020
The number of vacancies in 2019 is greater than in 2020. This is due to the better economic situation in previous years and the pandemic, which led to the quarantine and suspension of most companies and firms that provided jobs.
According to the employment service, the greatest difficulties with employment are workers of such profession as economist, manager, lawyer, computer operator, accountant. Table 2 shows the number of vacancies and the number of employees who need it [3].
Table 2
Number of vacancies and the number of employees ^ who need it, Ukraine, 2020
Profession Number of specialists Vacancies
Lawyer 1367 71
Sales manager 4 336 274
Economist 2 889 147
Accountant 9 349 763
Computer operator 1 701 50
The table shows that there are quite a lot of representatives of these professions, and there are very few places for their employment, which indicates a disparity in the labor market.
Thus, analyzing the data from SEDE, MES and the State Employment Service, we can deduce the following theses. The most popular specialties for admission among graduates of 2020 were law, economics, management, philology and software engineering; the reduction of budget places for such specialties as law, economic professions, management professions, philological sciences did not cause a change in demand for these types of professions, but only reduced the supply. In this case, there is an imbalance between supply and demand, and the probability of entering into a contract is very high, but it does not scare applicants. The increase in budget places in the specialties of technical, bioengineering, chemical, electrical communications and agriculture show the direct need of the state for highly qualified workers in such industries. Despite the high demand from the state and the creation of a large number of budget places as a result, the demand among entrants did not grow. There is also a disparity, but from the supply side, it is too much, but there is little demand among applicants. The labor market is oversaturated with such specialists as economist, lawyer, sales manager, financier and computer operator. At the same time, there is a lack of technical and agricultural workers, as evidenced by the data of the Employment Service and the number of state orders for certain categories of professions.
References:
1. Official site of MES. URL:https://mon.gov.ua/ua/news/vstup-2020-vishi-zmozhut-prijnyati-majzhe-na-6-bilshe-bakalavriv-na-byudzhet-u-porivnyanni-z-minulim-rokom
2. Official site of SEDE. URL: https://vstup.edbo.gov.ua/statistics/
3. Official site of State Employment Service. URL: https://www.kmu.gov.ua/
