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6REGIONAL ASPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF PLANT GROWING BRANCH
Abstract
The relevance of the study is caused by active development of agriculture in the Krasnodar Krai. The purpose is to analyze efficiency of soil use and dynamics of sunflower production in one of the agricultural organizations of the Krasnodar Krai. The main methods of the research are the index method and calculations of analytical and synthetic indicators of use efficiency of land grounds and production of sunflower. The research defined organizational economic mechanism of increase of production efficiency of sunflower. The paper can be useful to young scientists and experts, representatives of agrarian and industrial complex.
Keywords
agriculture, plant growing, efficiency, analysis, index method, area of crops, gross collecting, productivity
AUTHOR Svetlana Mullinova
PhD in Economics, Associate Professor Department of Accounting Kuban State Agricultural University Krasnodar, Russia s.mullinova@mail.ru
The agro-industrial complex has special value in national economy. It is among the main economic complexes, which define conditions of maintenance of social activity.
Plant growing is one of the main branches of agriculture differing in seasonal nature of works. Production expenses are carried out unevenly at different seasons. The exit of production is caused by terms of plants maturing and occurs during harvesting.
Product cost is one of the most important economic indicators characterizing the expenses of organization, which are connected with production and realization of its production. Decrease in product cost is the main source of profitability growth of organization.
Open joint-stock company «Plemzavod after V. I. Chapayev" in the stanitsa Vasyurinskaya of the Dinsky Region of the Krasnodar Krai is a multidisciplinary, highly profitable agricultural organization. For the period 2012-2014, specific weight of agricultural grounds in the total land area of the organization makes 93%. It testifies to high efficiency of soil use. Increase of agriculture efficiency is the main line of economic development for the next years. Economic efficiency is defined by comparison of the received result (effect) to the used resources or expenses (Mullinova, Kulish, 2008).
The monetary revenue in the organization for the analyzed period decreased on 1,5 million rubles or by 0,2%, and revenue from realization of agricultural production grew by 4,9 million rubles or by 0,8%. Reduction of sales gain happened generally due to its reduction in branch of animal husbandry on 97,2 million rubles or by 19,3%.
Efficiency of soil use (the sum of monetary revenue per 1 hectare of agricultural grounds) decreased by 0,6% due to reduction of monetary revenue (Zherdeva, Stolyarov, 2013). However, labor productivity (the sum of monetary revenue on one average annual worker) grew by 15,4% due to reduction of number of workers. Efficiency of use of
production fixed assets (capital productivity) decreased by 14,5% along with simultaneous increase in capital intensity by 17,1%.
The cost of gross output on the organization in general including agriculture in the current prices grew. In 2014, it increased on 278,2 million rubles or by 25,3% and on 299,9 million rubles or by 36,8% respectively in comparison with 2012. The cost of gross output of plant growing increase on 351,7 million rubles or by 5,6 times. The cost of gross output of animal husbandry decreased on 51,8 million rubles.
The sum of profit on product sales significantly grew in 2014 on 62,1 million rubles or by 2,3 times. It occurred due to profit markup in crop branch by 5,6 times, and at the expense of animal husbandry, where profit level from realization grew by 7,4 million rubles or by 21,7%. The profit sum in 2014 in comparison with 2012 also considerably grew before the taxation by 18,6 times, the size of net profit grew by 67,1 times.
Production in the organization is profitable. Level of profitability of sales and production in 2014 grew respectively by 7,1 and 12,4 percentage points (Mullinova, Kulish, 2008).
Because of the data given above, it would be desirable to note that Plemzavod after V.I. Chapayev of the Dinsky Region possesses the sufficient area of land grounds for maintaining agricultural production. Therefore, the increase in production of sunflower seeds is important activity of the organization and satisfices needs for vegetable oil, other products of processing of inhabitants of the region (Mullinova, Murashkina, 2009).
The cultivated area of crops in the organization in 2014 in comparison with 2012 was reduced not significantly by 236 hectares or by 2,2% (Table 1). For the studied period substantially there was a reduction of crops of corn on grain on 65 hectares or by 6,6%; soy - on 464 hectares or by 30,3%. Crops of grain crops were reduced by 581 hectares or by 9,9%, most of them was summer barley - by 39,0%. Crops of sunflower, on the contrary, extended on 49 hectares or by 4,5% (Krasnodarstat, 2014).
TABLE 1. DYNAMICS OF CULTIVATED AREAS STRUCTURE
Name of a crop Years 2014 in % by 2012
2012 2013 2014
hectare % hectare % hectare %
Grain and leguminous 4239 39,5 4222 39,3 3819 36,4 90,1
Corn on grain 861 8,0 982 9,1 649 6,2 75,4
Soy 1531 14,3 1402 13,0 1067 10,2 69,7
Sugar beet 1063 9,9 681 6,3 998 9,5 93,4
Sunflower 1092 10,2 988 9,2 1141 10,8 104,5
Forage crops 1936 18,0 2471 23,0 2815 26,8 145,4
Others 5 0,1 5 0,1 5 0,1 100,0
Total crops 10727 100,0 10751 100,0 10494 100,0 97,8
In the structure of cultivated areas in 2014 the greatest specific weight was occupied by crops of grain and leguminous crops (36,4%), including the winter grain is presented by exclusively by winter wheat (34,9%), and also crops of forage crops - annual and long-term herbs, corn on silo and green forage, fodder root crops and melon field (26,8%). This structure of crops testifies to advantages of the applied crop rotation: forage crops are good predecessors for grain.
Within the last three years, the share of corn crops reduced by grain and soy. Specific weight of sugar beet and sunflower grew by 0,9% and by 2,1% in 2014 in comparison with
2012. Thus, in 2014, the size of specific weight of sunflower recommended by scientists in the general crops (8-10%) is exceeded a little (Lukomets & others, 2010).
The output depends on cultivated areas and productivity of the cultivated culture. Productivity as a quality indicator depends on many factors. The main of them is soil climatic conditions. In addition, productivity depends on economic factors (technology of cultivation, system of fertilizers, and timeliness of cultivation performance). In turn, the main volume of financial measures of the state support development of agrarian and industrial complex of the Krasnodar Krai in previous years was carried out according to the target program "Development of Agriculture and Regulation of the Markets of Agricultural Production, Raw Materials and Food in the Krasnodar Krai for 2008-2012". The considerable volume of the allocated budgetary funds for subsidizing agricultural producers stimulated their introduction on hectare of a cultivated area from 66 kg to 109 kg (from 2002 for 2012).
According to Krasnodarstat, in 2012, 170 kg of mineral fertilizers, under corn on grain - 67 kg, sugar beet - 251 kg and under sunflower - 37 kg respectively were brought per 1 hectare of crops under wheat. However, against the aggravated situation of ecology deterioration and decrease in level of soil fertility of arable lands, many scientists bring the special part to organic fertilizers (compost, manure, crops residues, etc.) (Krasnodarstat, 2014).
Increase of production of the grown-up culture has great economic and social value. The increase in quality production at reduction of material, labor and financial inputs allows to satisfy more stoutly and more reliably requirements of the population.
Sunflower is the most widespread oil-bearing crop. Seeds contain to 55% of oil, which has vitamins A, D, E and K, important for human body. Besides, at an extraction of vegetable oil waste - cake, meal and press are used in agriculture for feeding of animals.
Let us consider dynamics of sunflower production in Plemzavod after V.I. Chapayev of the Dinsky Region of the Krasnodar Krai (Table 2). In the agricultural organization, the cultivated area of sunflower was expanded on 49 hectares in 2014 in comparison with 2012.
TABLE 2. DYNAMICS OF SUNFLOWER PRODUCTION
Indicator Years 2014 in % to 2012
2012 2013 2014
Area of sunflower crops, hectare 1092 988 1141 104,5
Specific weight of sunflower crops in the total area of crops, % 8,8 9,2 10,9 x
Gross collecting, c 23370 22148 27206 116,4
Productivity on 1 hectare, c 21,4 22,4 23,8 113,3
As a result, gross collecting increased on 3836 c from 1 hectare or by 16,4% respectively. Thus, productivity of sunflower increased by 13,3%. And it is a positive factor.
Further, we will consider influence of the indicators given above on change of collecting sunflower gross (Table 3). For this purpose, we use the index method (loda, 2012).
General index of gross collecting:
U1P1
Jpu = .......... (1)
U0P0
where Po - the area of crops of the basic year;
P1 - the area of crops of the financial year;
Uo - productivity of the basic year;
U1 - productivity of the financial year.
It is obvious that gross collecting of sunflower in Plemzavod after V.I. Chapayev of the Dinsky Region in 2014 increased by 16,4% in comparison with 2012. The index of a cultivated area shows that gross charge of sunflower for the analyzed period grew by 4,5% (due to expansion of cultivated area).
The index of productivity shows that in the agricultural organization gross charge of sunflower increased by 11,4% due to productivity growth. Let us define an absolute deviation:
- general:
Âpu = P1U1 - PoUo (2) Âpu = 1141*23,8 - 1092*21,4 = 3836 c
- due to expansion of cultivated area:
Äp = (P1 - Po) * Uo (3)
Âp = (1141 - 1092)* 21,4 = 1048 c
- due to productivity growth:
Äu = (U1 - Uo) * P1 (4) Äu = (23,8 - 21,4) * 1141 = 2788 c Äny = Äp + Äu (5) âpu = 3836 c (1048 c + 2788 c) (Table 3).
TABLE 3. INFLUENCE OF THE CROPS AREA AND PRODUCTIVITY ON CHANGE OF GROSS COLLECTING OF SUNFLOWER
Area of crops, hectare Productivity on1 hectare, c Gross collecting, c Deviation, c
2012. 2014. 2012. 2014. 2012. 2014. conditional total including due to change
PO P1 UO U1 PoUO P1U1 P1U0 areas productivi ty
1092 1141 21,4 23,8 23370 27206 24417 3836 1048 2788
Thus, in Plemzavod im. V. I. Chapayev of the Dinsky Region growth of gross collecting of sunflower seeds on 3836 c or by 16,4% provided an intensive factor - productivity growth. In turn, it increased gross collecting of sunflower on 2788 c or by 11,4%. Let us note that expansion of the crops area led to growth of gross collecting on 1048 c or by 4,5% respectively.
Based on the research conducted by us, it is possible to offer the following:
- To increase productivity of sunflower, it needs to be placed in a crop rotation on the best predecessors. It is necessary to improve high-quality structure of this culture and to use mineral and organic fertilizers;
- It is necessary to introduce the modern agricultural machinery allowing to receive a good harvest with the minimum expenses of manual skills in production (Mullinova, 2004, 2005, 2015).
REFERENCES
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DESIGN TECHNOLOGIES IN TRAINING FUTURE TEACHERS OF PHYSICS FOR WORK AT PROFILE SCHOOL
Abstract
The paper is devoted to application of design technologies in training future teachers of physics for work at profile school. Design activity of students is directed on creation of thematic portfolio including various didactic materials and development of the elective integrated courses on physics and profile disciplines.
Keywords
design technologies, training of teachers of physics, thematic portfolio, profile school
AUTHOR Aleksandra Ordanovskaya
PhD of Education, Associate Professor Department of Physics South-Ukrainian National Pedagogical University of K. D. Ushinsky
Odessa, Ukraine aleksordanovskaya@gmail.com
