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6REDUCED TRANSPORTATION NOISE FOR RESIDENTS
Feruzbek Timur ugli Matkarimov Fitrat Abdikhalil ugli Abdikhalilov
Tashkent Institute of Architecture and Construction
ABSTRACT
The article shows how to reduce the transport noise in residence. There are also noise effects, the noise level of the car's technical condition and noise reduction methods decreased.
Keywords: carbon dioxide, environmental, poisoning, sealing, sound isolation, noise, waste.
INTRODUCTION
It is known that the longer the car travels, the more the technical condition of the equipment in its supply and combustion systems changes. This leads to an increase in fuel consumption, which in turn increases the amount of fuel in the combustible mixture, as well as an increase in toxic substances in the combustion products. These changes are 8-9 thousand km after car maintenance. Formed after walking. By this time, fuel consumption will increase by 1.6%, and the toxicity of combustion products will increase by 2 ... 4 times.
In the late 19th and early 20 th centuries, as a result of the development of industry and road transport on earth, a new problem of "ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION" arose. If factories are located in one place and pollute only certain areas, cars affect everyone where the human foot touches. Road transport is now considered to be more polluting to the environment than factories and mills.
When you burn any fuel, different combustion wastes are released. These wastes have a major impact on human health and the environment. Factories, plants and trucking companies in the city are the main sources of environmental pollution. The biggest challenge right now is to reduce the toxic emissions from using a car [1].
When you burn any fuel, different combustion wastes are released. These wastes have a major impact on human health and the environment. Factories, plants and trucking companies in the city are the main sources of environmental pollution. If factories and mills are located in a certain place and pollute that place, cars will be affected where they work. Road transport is now considered to be more polluting to the environment than factories and mills.
THE RESULT
The biggest challenge right now is to reduce the toxic emissions from using a car. The main harmful emissions from cars are now found to be more than 200 toxic
emissions from the gas produced by fuel combustion. The most toxic are: carbon monoxide-SO, unburned hydrocarbons - SN, nitrogen oxides - NOx. These wastes are permitted by many countries. was introduced.
Exhaust gases also contain harmless products: oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, sulfur. However, nitrogen forms an oxide at high temperatures and under pressure, which has a very high toxicity. Toxic products in exhaust gases are not always the same amount for many reasons. It depends on the type of engine, the operating mode, how it is tuned, the maintenance of the engine and the quality of the fuel.
The complex indicator shows how much fresh air is needed to neutralize the exhaust gases. Based on the table below, it can be seen that diesel engines are much less harmful than carburetor engines (33% less harmful). The composition of the exhaust gases is the same for 2 different engines as we have seen below, but we must not overlook the fact that carburetor engines have a lead compound and diesel engines have a barium compound.
These compounds are formed as follows:
- as a result of the addition of ethyl alcohol to increase the antidetant properties of gasoline (this alcohol contains lead);
- To reduce the combustion of diesel fuel, a special anti-smoke substance is added, which is prepared in the presence of barium. The operating conditions of the engine play a major role in whether the exhaust gases are harmful or harmless. For example, most of the SO emissions occur when the engine is running salty, with the engine running on an enriched fuel mixture. To reduce the toxicity of exhaust gases, work is being done in 2 different directions:
Improving the mode of operation of the I-Engine, the use of various auxiliary equipment and high-quality fuel, adjustment work [2].
II-Manufacture of low-emission engines: gas turbine, external combustion-Stirling engine, electric cars, etc.
A diesel engine is less harmful than a carburetor engine. SO, NOx, and SN are less distinct in the performance of diesel engines, but the size of the structure is greater. This can be seen in the table below.
According to the World Health Organization, the environmental impact of road transport is characterized by the following indicators: for example, in the United States, 142 million tons per year. When harmful substances are released into the atmosphere, 86 million tons of them are formed as a result of the operation of cars.
There are 3 types of sources of environmental pollution in the car: exhaust gases, crankcase gases and harmful substances formed as a result of fuel flaring (from the fuel tank, carburetor, etc.).
Exhaust gases account for 65-70% and 20% of crankcase emissions.
Introduced on January 1, 1971, GOST 16533-70 limits the amount of SO in the exhaust gases emitted by gasoline engines.
GOST 21393-75 limits the emissions of diesel engines, in 1980 a new state standard 17.2.2.03-77 was introduced instead of GOST 16533-70, which also limits the amount of SO in the exhaust gases of gasoline engines. This is standard gasolineapplies to operating trucks, cars and buses [4].
According to the new GOST, the amount of SO for all vehicles should not exceed 1.5%, and the inspection of SO in the exhaust gases of the population of more than 300 thousand, as well as in the capital cities, resorts TX-2, after car repair, maintenance by DAN staff is done.
When checking for harmful emissions, the engine should be warmed up according to the instructions before starting the vehicle. Then, when the engine is running smoothly, the sampling tube should be inserted 300 mm into the car headrest and tightened [5-11].
The reading of the measuring instrument should be from 0 to 5% or from 0 to 10%, and the error should not exceed 5%. Measuring instruments must pass state control after a certain period of time and have a mark on it [12-14].
CONCLUSION
According to calculations, if GOST 17.2.2.03-77 is followed, the SO content in the exhaust gases can be reduced by 20%, and gasoline consumption can be significantly reduced. Emissions stations should be set up in all ATCs. In TXKS, the owners of private cars must be given a coupon. It should be noted in this coupon that the exhaust gases are not above the norm. As the noise level rises, the working time of people in it decreases sharply. If the noise level is 90 dB, then the person can work for 8 hours. As the noise level increases every 5 dB, the performance of people in it decreases by 2 times [3-15].
At 115 dB of noise, a person can be 15 min. If the noise reaches 140 dB, it is dangerous for the person and causes pain in the human ear, as well as injury and work is prohibited.
As a result of vehicle noise, the driver's ability to work decreases, reaction time increases, and road traffic accidents can occur. Loud noise has a negative effect on the human body, causing headaches and dizziness, dilated pupils, rapid heartbeat, nervous system failure, and so on. Studies have shown that at 88 dB of noise (in the cab of a LiAZ-677 bus) the driver's thinking ability is reduced by 10%, and at 95 dB by 20%.
The main source of noise in cars is the engine and muffler, the next source is the performance of the tires. As the load on the tire increases, so does the noise.
Noise control. Reducing the noise emitted from cars is mainly about improving their engines. The UN recommends that the European Commission produce and operate
cars with noise levels below 82 - 92 dB. In the UK, the use of trucks with noise of 85 -92 dB is not allowed. In this case, the high scale applies to cars with a carrying capacity of 12 t. In Japan, 80dB has been introduced for trucks and 70dB for cars since 1971. In the U.S., the 86 dB standard is set for trucks [1].
Automobiles, which have recently improved the combustion process in engines, have begun to overcome the above problems by placing 2-3 stage mufflers in the exhaust system [16-21].
Nowadays, the engines of many buses have started to be mounted in the rear so as not to damage the ability of drivers to work. The rear-facing engine is less affected by 8-10 dB of noise to the drive.
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