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11ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ ECONOMIC SCIENCES
RAISING CAPACITY FINANCIAL-INVESTMENT COUNTRY: RESOURCES BANKS BUSINESS AND DURABILITY BANK OF THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN
SHARIPOV UMARJON AKHTAMOVICH
Candidate of Economic Sciences, Senior Lecturer of the Department of Finance and Insurance Tajik
National University Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe
SHARIFZODA NURULLO SHARIF
Assistant of the Department of Finance and Insurance Tajik National University Republic of
Tajikistan, Dushanbe
In this article, the author focuses on the formation and impact of banking resources on the country's economy, noting that economic development cannot be imagined without the functioning of the banking system (i.e., resources of a commercial bank). The resources of a commercial bank in a market economy have different characteristics and affect the economy. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the main source of development of a commercial bank depends on the bank's resources. This is due to the fact that banking resources, in turn, are divided into own reserves, borrowed resources and credit resources. All these divisions operate from the beginning of the reorganization until the bankruptcy of a commercial bank.
We can say that the resources of a commercial bank affect the bank, depositors, borrowers and lenders, and even the state. Therefore, it should be noted that the whole society should strive for sustainable development of the banking system and on this basis earn big money and develop its activities.
Keywords: active operations, deposit, contribution, credit, financial means, fair competition, resource impact, authorized capital, additional capital, reserve capital, refinancing rate, investments, economic development
ПОВЫШЕНИЕ ПОТЕНЦИАЛА ФИНАНСОВО-ИНВЕСТИЦИОННОЙ СТРАНЫ: БАНКИ РЕСУРСОВ, БИЗНЕС И ДОЛГОВЕЧНОСТЬ БАНК РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАДЖИКИСТАН
В данной статье автор акцентирует внимание на формировании и влиянии банковских ресурсов на экономике страны, отмечая, что экономическое развитие невозможно представить без функционирования банковской системы (т.е. ресурсов коммерческого банка). Ресурсы коммерческого банка в рыночной экономике имеют разные характеристики и влияют на экономику страны. В результате анализа было установлено, что основной источник развития деятельности коммерческих банков зависит от ресурсов банка. Это связано с тем, что банковские ресурсы, в свою очередь, делятся на собственные резервы, заемные ресурсы и кредитные ресурсы. Все эти подразделения действуют с начала реорганизации до момента банкротства коммерческих банков.
Можно сказать, что ресурсы коммерческого банка влияют на банк, вкладчиков, заемщиков и кредиторов и даже на государство. Поэтому следует отметить, что все общество должно стремиться к устойчивому развитию банковской системы и на этой основе зарабатывать большие деньги и развивать свою деятельность.
Ключевые слова: активные операции, депозит, вклад, кредит, финансовые средства, добросовестная конкуренция, влияние ресурсов, уставной капитал, добавочный капитал, резервный капитал, ставка рефинансирования, инвестиции, экономическое развитие.
ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ ECONOMIC SCIENCES
Must mentioned type that one from issues the key in economy Republic Tajikistan, this supply subjects house owner with resources money to count goes Reserves money in process activity subjects economic not kasha life important etc they do Because to ro h staying activity without capital certain etc is Bavija, in conditions modern economic not kshi capital in development expansion activity subjects you are a householder tax free significant is Can mentioned type that in this process bank business and other organization debt as well the center basic dependent to offer resources money came out they do System bank with offer resources money and investment can areas Yes important and priority economy the national it's good gave That is, through resources money system bank we can development stable economy provide let's make.
In the circumstances economy market issue activity stable and durability bank business life base and important evaluation becomes Because only Banks of care financial stable and liquid can develop economy contributor be His command is one of the issues important and mainly in the system banking Republic Tajikistan organization right and use ok kilona resources bank count goes Organization resources bank enough complicated from the bank cooking behavior innovation demand it seems Experience show gives that indicator main durability resources banking, first of all, this regulation correct it is is Capital, usually, liquidity bank, conduct operation regardless of the circumstances irregular economy and release bankruptcy filing provide it seems Position capital in the economy the whole states and especially system bank visible is Because the basis development the whole areas from capital dependent is.
Analysis show they give that procedure wrong and use inefficient capital can to activity bank influence negative deliver and even to bankruptcy bring Banks that capital enough do not have bankruptcy encountered they come In case insufficiency capital some Banks out of business they stay H goal main banks business max mostly delivery capital banking and less to do risks loss possibly from bankruptcy is According to that's the bank business necessary comes that activity yourself according to requirements available to similar.
Must note type that capital in the economy location visible and key occupation it seems As in the literature economic brought has been, the term capital (from Latin capitalis - main) - any property (device, equipment, building production, money, share) that is given to the owner in the period current income brings. That is, in a sense wide, that's all something that can to get income or resources that people with capital self for production goods and create services able to bring is According to M.K. Faizulloev, capital bank means are that directly in the period activity the bank belongs to it are. Such can be defined is that capital category the most important economic in the meaning wide, this is all that opportunity bringing has income or resources human being the sea production goods and service created.
Analysis show they give that capital or resources banks business all he is the elements from appointment different and full paid is that independence economic and activity further them in the circumstances different provide they do
Banks business they can't without grouping making resources their activities full provide to represent In this regard, the amount itself into parts different separate income from this account a lot and activity yourself expansion they give Resources banks business depending on the situation economic, place management and the time use each other separate they do
As resources banks business, elements came out They do that in cases damages accidental ability as structure sub and longitudinal service to deliver have Each of these parts in the process activity duties different performance they do For better learn structure resources banks business, first of all, to tasks capital own bank view to do necessary is
Depending on the people, he is ugly and review literature social we can mention that capital own bank duties important the following performance do:1
1 Kulikov, N.I. Banking resources, their formation and effective use: monograph / N.I. Kulikov, N.P. Nazarchuk. - Tambov: Publishing House of FGBOU VPO "TSTU", 2014. - 108 p. - 100 copies. ISBN 978-58265-1246-3.
ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ ECONOMIC SCIENCES
- protection that protection benefits customers and including the authorities, damage they are in the case bankruptcy will be compensated. Ability payment bank account existence capital self-look have will be
- operational offer it seems that capital self can for purchase buildings, facilities and equipment in operation bank necessary, as well as for construction resources in case loss unexpected use to be
- money self, source money etc are that for organization and activity the bank is involved the number enough savings are necessary;
- regulator by banks performance becoming some volume requirements shares, capital self and capital adjustable consists of is
- in view having confidence customers and confidence to forgive creditors to sustainability its financial. Capital should enough for that be that borrower's certainty have be that bank capable is needs credit them satisfied make
- money etc for increase organizational and development services new, current making programs new, purchase equipment, as regulator increase bank service to do
Tasks this capital own banks business with we possibility gives that volume resources banks business right grouping and benefits customers and the founders Let's protect. In the process change conditions economic or increase criteria mandatory the same for the whole banks business leading to high risks and bankruptcy encountered becoming banks commercial newly established has become can
On the contrary, if the method identification greatness capital, that is standard adequacy capital depending on the situation bank business be determined, then in this case progress banks business can be observed is Progress Bank of capital statutory dependent from the moment organization bank business will be provided. Volume capital statutory and standard adequacy capital in many countries by bank central is determined. Also, in the Republic Tajikistan is also big capital statutory (Article 1) and standard adequacy capital (Article 29) by Bank national Tajikistan is established.
In this context, in the message Founder peace unity national, Leader nation, President Republic Tajikistan dear Emomali Rahmon, on December 22, 2017, to Majlisi Excellent Republic Tajikistan send became, along with other ministry authority relevant in front of Bank national Tajikistan is also a number tasks put became Including the President country in Vol they said: " necessary is that with purpose supply healthy competition in the market services banking and availability population to means financial as well as involvement more investment in this field max at least capital statutory for banks newly established now 80 million somoni organization gives 50 million somoni to be established2
I k domi present directly to development system bank and development background favorable for competitiveness transparent space necessary wide brought
With purpose performance punctuality issues at hand Bank national Tajikistan placed, Board Bank national Tajikistan with decision the next with purpose supply healthy competition in the market services banking and availability population to means financial, attraction more capital in the system banking documents relevant change enter type This change for banks commercial a basis ok is because entrepreneurs bank business establishment given, along with other banks competitiveness yourself look have can Such conditions bank business driven makes that documents normative legal compliance and another sources income search to represent As it is known is one of the tools affecting the situation bank business, this standard adequacy capital account go for compensation damage unexpected and supply durability activity bank expected has been
The standard adequacy capital bank business from indications the following grade given are:
- share means private in operation active with considering danger banking;
2 The message of the Founder of Peace and National Unity, Leader of the Nation, President of the Republic of Tajikistan Honorable Emomali Rahmon to the Supreme Assembly of the Republic of Tajikistan dated 22.12.2017 [electronic resource]. URL: http: // www.president.tj. (date of application: 31.12.2020).
ОФ "Международный научно-исследовательский центр "Endless Light in Science" PF "International Research Center "Endless Light in Science"
ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ ECONOMIC SCIENCES
- use making capital;
- share funds involved in responsibilities bank and etc.3
Known is that greatness standard adequacy capital bank in size, composition, quality and feature operations active impact deliver In this process, banks business according to documents right practitioner country standard mandatory organization they give The standard adequacy capital according to Instruction No. 176 of the Bank national To Tajikistan " About procedure regulation activity organizations " credit " is defined.
This standard first to volume operation attraction to do funds temporarily free persons legal and real depends. Second, in quantity danger in the case conducting operation active the bank takes over. Within this, we said we can activity bank business with degree income and from the result use effective resources himself involved and innovations dependent are Therefore, the bank business as system special should organized be Bank business conditions economy market have structures different is and it is independent ways to increase degree usefulness search activity entrepreneurship yourself development gives
With the purpose of obtaining reliability and durability financial as well as opportunity a lot to do operation active profitable, mostly banks he shish they do that capital yourself a lot to do Capital self alone share little all resources bank business organization they give Structure resources banks business from him feature special activity Mediation is also determined.
Part main activity Mediation due to money collected is organized. Activity mediation they during attraction funds freedom persons legal real and proposal further they are different subjects farming, as well as on behalf of they conducting to carry out any operations they stay Besides, they can operations other than the activity production performance to represent
In general, part big resources bank account means involved are organized. Because funds temporarily free of a person or company for lending enterprise other or implementation programs big like construction buildings, roads and like these enough there is no A scientist Tajik N. Sadriddinov note it seems that: " people separately and enterprises funds money temporarily free to banks just for the sake of percentage certain give ",4
Specialist other G.D. Ashurav be noted said that " deposit " is money money is that for look to have with term certain with method back to the bank are presented ". Therefore, people It is legal real funds itself in the form of deposits deposit in banks business or organizations credit other they leave
Therefore, deposits deposit too for customer and too for bank useful is
That is, the bank from involvement funds as deposits deposit received used as a result proposal loan income additional takes and in turn, the depositor also receives income certain the owner becomes in theory and practice still too distinguish between the concepts of " deposit " and " deposit ". difficult to separate is.
In this process, deposit as records in notebooks banking is interpreted and about available being some requirements customers to the bank or funds customers in banks in the form deposit according to agreements and contracts look have will be Operations deposit like this can be classified is:
1. According to contribution: savings persons legal (organization and enterprises nonbanking) and savings persons real - savings from other organizations loan
2. With form take money etc (picture 2): - deposits immediate, deposits request, deposits population.
3 Abdulhairov F. Problems of Banking Sustainability in the Republic of Tajikistan / F. Abdulhairov. // Bulletin of TNU. - 2015. - No. 2/4 (169) - S. 261-263.
4 Leverages of monetary and credit policy (requirement reserve ratio) [electronic resource]. URL: https://www.nbt.tj/tj/monetary_policy/fishang.php#punkt3 (date of application: 31.12.2020).
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ECONOMIC SCIENCES
Figure 2. Classification deposits.
Classification funds involved bank business and types they directly related to it is to customers in which conditions and with which percent is offered. Persons legal real savings and deposits yourself with purpose maintenance and take interest in banks they leave In resources banking section the main deposits organization give that more than two year put have been Holders of this type of deposits persons are that they want money yourself growth to give Term storage every as much as longer be for customer more profitable is.
The purpose putting deposits savings, this is a lot to do amount of money and storage they are Part the other that bank business to them is interested in these savings customers who have an account look have will be Banks business for customers' accounts they open and until the moment in cash change finding it, these funds for giving loan offer they do
Also, deposits savings by short term, medium term and long term can be classified is That's it thus, for performance own activity, bank commercial sources at their disposal certain attraction and in the process organization his activity them use they do in the process development relationships economic concept deposit and savings from each other are distinguished:
- deposit - funds money and item precious persons real and legal in the organization credit (credit) are placed;
- savings - funds money that with the condition payment percentage certain the right use temporarily to organizations credit given.5
Such differences to us opportunity gives that bank business is a structure attraction funds free let's count Therefore, the sources formation obligations different are At the same time feature Interest rate temporary other features, including interest free and unlimited in resources involved to see possible is Part income deposited for purchase blessings Material and part other it to lending are directed. Namely, attraction funds free can problem lack of funds banking easy make it
5Law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On the National Bank of Tajikistan" dated June 28, 2011, - No. 722.
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ECONOMIC SCIENCES
These manifestations in the process formation resources banking position important occupation does, because always with deposits savings, loans, papers valuable as means service they do that with help they collection funds temporarily free to invest change given will be Such source alternative, how many century here in the countries developed actively use has become is standing For example, in China at the moment the time between countries the world at speed development have a high GDP is 80% of the volume general savings to savings the population is correct. In Tajikistan sources internal investments from the account funds citizens in relation to the countries their economy developed very less is.
In this respect, for removal making danger risks Bank national Tajikistan standard resources mandatory from the day of acquisition license for conducting operations to organizations loan mandatory considers Order organization making standard resources mandatory banks business from him savings and obligations to them similar according to documents normative legal
Bank national Tajikistan are implemented. Bank national Tajikistan standard double or self -differentiation resources h atmiro for savings with the national currency and savings with currency Chorus use takes Currently, the rate resources it's mandatory for savings 3.0 percent in national currency and with currency foreign 9.0 percent organization gives.
Resources mandatory one of the gears main practical making policy money credit Bank national Tajikistan into account goes. This process for regulation liquidity general system banking help delivers Demand for resources mandatory with purpose limited build process lending in banks, as well as for look having level certain amount of money in circulation is directed.
In the Republic Tajikistan for organization making size resources mandatory, banks business base money yourself depending on the period proposal balance and in agreement with Instruction No. 194 " About resources mandatory organizations loan by savings and obligations another to them similar ", which was adopted on April 25, 2012, No. 77 It has been arranged they give Bank a business that balance everyday procedure gives the base money with formula present account (formula No. 1
here:
P - size base money in the period reporting, X1 - r uz zi the first, X2 -- r us zip the second and Xn - - r he zi the last period reporting, N - number r he who. Also, the bank a business that balance monthly procedure give, base money yourself with formula present account.
Bank business depending on the time arrangement the balance of the formula determined for account to do base money use they take and report himself in agreement with authority relevant with currency foreign procedure and to the Bank national Tajikistan offer it seems Bank national Tajikistan report bank business with size money actually saved comparison does and conclusion yourself offer it seems Such to say possible is that standard resources mandatory for deposits savings involved and obligations to them similar to the moment suspension of one of the operations on the bank's own account is organized. In such case, the bank these funds saved in cases necessary, temporarily for can use its liquidity.
In case stop one of the operations banking, amount standard resources required from the account bank business account relevant Bank national Tajikistan carried out will be During lack of money etc bank business money the rest to " accounts 20406 "Reserves mandatory banks local in national currency", 20606 "Resources mandatory banks local with currency Foreign ", 20806 " Resources mandatory banks foreign in national currency " and 22206 " Resources mandatory banks foreign with currency foreigner " [9, p. 2] of the following delivery gives.
Increase of this rate to the bank business damage a lot leads because income received alone costs in the process lending and borrowing found cover up does and to the bank benefit remain does
[9, p. 3]).
XI+ X2+ ... + Xn
P =
N
ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ ECONOMIC SCIENCES
not remain Bank business in order to gain income forced becomes that standard percentage debt provider himself to persons legal real raise other (non- banking) In this case, damage more to the public reaches and cause difficulties more in the process liquidity becomes This standard gradually to the situation economic the country influence negative yourself delivers and development get economic difficult becomes.
Such processes Department Bank national Tajikistan into account taken, rate refinancing from 16% in 2017 to 13.25 in 2019, i.e. within 2 years standard lowered it by 2.75 percentage points. This change by Bank national Tajikistan depending on the situation economic country is determined. The purpose main standard refinancing, this help delivery to organizations loan and against standard resources mandatory directed. To say possible is that Bank national Tajikistan try It seems that in years further standard will reduce refinancing.
This type of lending is in the form of competition with principles special organization it is to the banks businesses or organizations a loan that their liquidity weak have been given will be If the Bank central standard refinancing less make banks business for a lot making resources credit your credit more take.6
During debt a lot get, bank business can it with percentage higher to customers offer income a lot the owner become In such condition bank business ability liquidity level yourself moderate look have can Also, the market credit Interbanking is also a source resources banks commercial goes because the banks their assets a lot is in this market them they sell and other banks these assets buy, demand customers yourself satisfied they make
Origin like this the market credit interbank too for buyers and too for sellers beneficial is In general, the bank trading these resources through operation active self -use and earns income.
In many occasions debt interbank and operations they agree with Bank national Tajikistan are implemented. Resources banks business can factors have feature mixed like proposal loans to others directions are also managed to represent In the process analysis on resources banks business we we were able sources the following let's find it (picture №2).
Figure 2. Sources resources banks business
Source: Development based on the author data proposed banks.
6 Berdiev R.B. Monetary policy of the National Bank of Tajikistan / R.B. Berdiev, T. Aliyev. // Bulletin of TNU. - 2016. - No. 2/8 (215) - P.10-13.
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ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ ECONOMIC SCIENCES
Analysis show they give that section main resources banks business capital self-organization gives Also, capital self for formation resources banks business background provision makes Because before the appearance making funds free, banks business necessary is that activity based on funds self-organization and development to give In the process his activity for wide Bank can from another sources use to show Sources shown in Figure 3 given banks business after use capital self-use they do so with banks commercial other in competition be.
He died note is that the source main (first) resources banks commercial, this investment own, loans interbank and deposits savings involved are Other sources in step later decision have and them as helper step first counting right is Under concept resources banks business the whole assets and obligations banking that for lending and borrowing are directed to understand possible is
There is a difference like this sources banking for entrepreneurs, investors and farms opportunity gives that their assets whatever better more efficient use take Transition all these processes just for the sake of assistance and investing in the community is Persons legal real in the process your activity should free be, that is for development giving his activity with low loan rates get At the same time payment loan and its percentage, activity develop yourself too given able to Such conditions for development economy influence positive yourself delivered step by step level life society better will became.
Therefore, issues stability and raising resources banks business (resources self, resources involved and resources loan), should be in the center attention the state and the whole society be To stability resources banks business, first of all, the state, shareholders and afterwards depositors depositors interested are Because the bank business as a result activity effective the whole obligations himself in front of the state payment and part another income themselves to contributors, as well as for expansion activity directed makes In case insufficient activity making bank and damage see, people interested also harm economic they see.
Therefore, for stable look having system banking suggestions the following into account taken
to be:
- Use new mathematical methods in experiments global used for grouping making resources banking;
- Certain making standard resources mandatory depending on the condition's banks business;
- Participation the whole organizations loan in the market papers precious
ECONOMIC SCIENCES
LITERATURE
1. Kulikov, N.I. Banking resources, their formation and effective use: monograph / N.I. Kulikov, N.P. Nazarchuk. - Tambov: Publishing House of FGBOU VPO "TSTU", 2014. - 108 p. - 100 copies. ISBN 978-5-8265-1246-3.
2. The message of the Founder of Peace and National Unity, Leader of the Nation, President of the Republic of Tajikistan Honorable Emomali Rahmon to the Supreme Assembly of the Republic of Tajikistan dated 22.12.2017 [electronic resource]. URL: http: // www.president.tj. (date of application: 31.12.2020).
3. Abdulhairov F. Problems of Banking Sustainability in the Republic of Tajikistan / F. Abdulhairov. // Bulletin of TNU. - 2015. - No. 2/4 (169) - S. 261-263.
4. Leverages of monetary and credit policy (requirement reserve ratio) [electronic resource]. URL: https://www.nbt.tj/tj/monetary_policy/fishang.php#punkt3 (date of application: 31.12.2020).
5. Law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On the National Bank of Tajikistan" dated June 28, 2011, -No. 722.
6. Berdiev R.B. Monetary policy of the National Bank of Tajikistan / R.B. Berdiev, T. Aliyev. // Bulletin of TNU. - 2016. - No. 2/8 (215) - P.10-13.
7. Ормонова М.М. Предпосылки формирования и развития системы социального страхования в условиях рыночной экономики / М.М. Ормонова // Вестник Таджикского национального университета. Серия социально-экономических и общественных наук. -2020. -№9. -С.87-90.
8. Самиев П. Страхование / П. Самиев // Эксперт. -2004. -№10. -С.168.
9. Хусайнов М.С. Формирование и значение страхования в современных условиях Республики Таджикистан / М.С. Хусайнов // Вестник Таджикского национального университета. Серия социально-экономических и общественных наук. -Душанбе, 2018. -№8. -С.87-91.
10. Шарипов У.А. Пути повышения активизации инвестиционного процесса в условиях открытости экономики в Республике Таджикистан / У.А. Шарипов // Вестник Таджикского национального университета. Серия социально-экономических и общественных наук. -Душанбе, 2018. -№6. -С.120-123.
11. Шарипов У.А. Государственные меры стимулирования развития инвестиционных процессов / У.А. Шарипов // Международный научно-исследовательский журнал «Успехи современной науки и образования». -Белгород: Успехи современной науки, 2017. -№4. -
12. Шарипов У.А., Зиёев З.М. Инвестиционные риски в энергетике республики Таджикистан: методы управления и их оценка на региональном уровне Вестник Таджикского национального университета, серия социально-экономических и общественных наук. -Душанбе, 2022. - №8. - с. 37-45.
13. Шарифзода Н.Ш. Анализ ресурсов коммерческих банков и возможность их использования / Шарифзода Н.Ш. // Вестник Таджикского национального университета. Серия социально-экономических и общественных наук. -Душанбе, 2021. -№4. -С.129-139.
14. Чоршанбиев С.Р. Теоретические основы формирования региональной энергетической инфраструктуры//Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: Экономика и управление. 2017. № 3. С. 118-126.
С.50-51.
