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ARCHITECTURE
QUESTIONS OF THE APPLICATION OF BIG AREAS OF FACADE GLAZING IN CONSTRUCTION OF ENERGY-EFFICIENT BUILDINGS Masyonene A.R. (Russian Federation) Email: Masyonene561 @scientifictext.ru
Masyonene Aleksandra Ruslanovna - Master, Leading Teacher, DEPATMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN, AUTONOMOUS NONPROFIT ORGANIZATION OF SECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION KALININGRAD BUSINESS COLLEGE, KALININGRAD
Abstract: the article deals with the use of facades with a large glass area in the construction of energy-efficient civilian buildings. This study raises the issue of the use of stained glass facade glazing in civil engineering, associated with changes in the climatic characteristics of the indoor air environment. Conclusions have been made about the possibility of optimizing the use of stained glass structures to improve the energy efficiency of civil buildings under construction and reconstruction. The results of this study make it possible to streamline theoretical and technical information on the effect of large areas of glazing on the energy efficiency of civilian buildings. The article is addressed to designers, researchers, teachers, university students and graduate students. Keywords: glazed facades, heat engineering characteristics of glazed facades, climatic characteristics of the indoor air environment, energy efficiency, ways to improve energy efficiency.
ВОПРОСЫ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ БОЛЬШИХ ПЛОЩАДЕЙ ФАСАДНОГО ОСТЕКЛЕНИЯ В СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВЕ ЭНЕРГОЭФФЕКТИВНЫХ ЗДАНИЙ Масёнене А.Р. (Российская Федерация)
Масёнене Александра Руслановна - магистр, ведущий преподаватель, кафедра архитектуры и дизайна, Автономная некоммерческая организация среднего профессионального образования Калининградский бизнес-колледж, г. Калининград
Аннотация: в статье рассматриваются вопросы применения фасадов с большой площадью остекления в строительстве энергоэффективных гражданских зданий. Данное исследование поднимает проблематику использования витражного остекления фасадов в гражданском строительстве, связанную с изменением климатических характеристик воздушной среды помещений. Сделаны выводы о возможности оптимизации применения витражных конструкций для повышения энергоэффективности строящихся и реконструируемых гражданских зданий. Результаты данного исследования позволяют упорядочить теоретическую и техническую информацию о влиянии больших площадей остекления на энергоэффективность гражданских зданий. Статья адресована проектировщикам, научным работникам, преподавателям, студентам вузов и аспирантам. Ключевые слова: остекленные фасады, теплотехнические характеристики остекленных фасадов, климатические характеристики воздушной среды помещений, энергоэффективность, способы повышения энергоэффективности.
UDC 692
Scope of translucent facades in civil engineering
In modern civil engineering there is a growing use of translucent facade structures that harmoniously combine innovative design solutions, architectural expressiveness and utilitarian properties. Translucent facades of civilian buildings are light spatial shells fixed on the supporting structures of the building, which consist of separate structural cells formed by core-shaped core elements and filled with glass units.
Translucent facades are most widely used in the construction of multifunctional complexes and office buildings. However, the use of large glazing areas for residential buildings is becoming increasingly important today. Equally significant is the issue of the use of stained glass facades in the construction of buildings with increased energy efficiency class.
The most significant positive effect of translucent walling is the maximum illumination of internal spaces, which allows significant savings on the use of artificial lighting. In addition, the significant freedom in shaping and applying innovative architectural and design solutions allows you to create unique buildings and shape the architectural accents of the modern urban environment.
Glass, as a building material, has an important property of moisture and vapor impermeability, it does not require insulation and constant care with protective coatings, like traditional wall materials. Glass receives all the necessary properties during production.
The main problems associated with the use of large areas of translucent facades
Experience in the construction and operation of buildings with translucent facades revealed the following negative factors:
- loss of heat of the premises in the cold season through the glazed surfaces associated with increased thermal conductivity of glass compared to traditional wall materials;
- overheating of the premises during insolation by solar radiation;
- increase of energy consumption for maintaining comfortable climate characteristics of indoor air;
- increased aging of furniture and interior decoration caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation;
- reduction of illumination of the premises associated with the use of glass with low emission coating, frosted and painted in mass;
- psychological discomfort associated with a decrease in the privacy of the premises.
Perspective and existing solutions
The main solutions to these problems are currently associated with the use of filling translucent facades with special types of glass with specified characteristics. For example, the issue of permanent maintenance of facades is solved through the use of glass with a self-cleaning coating, and increasing the privacy of the premises using a multifunctional "smart" glass that changes transparency.
In accordance with GOST 30494-2011 [1], the optimal rate of climatic characteristics of the air environment of premises in residential and public buildings varies from 20°C to 25°C, depending on the period of the year. In the climatic conditions of the Russian Federation, most civilian buildings with stained glass enclosing structures are designed with filling with sealed double-glazed windows with various types of glass having a double sealing contour [2]. In this regard, there is the problem of maintaining air exchange in the premises. This can be solved with the help of integration into the cells of the facade of the ventilation valves for the implementation of ventilation [3].
Currently, the main problem is the overheating of the premises in the warm season and the loss of heat to the cold, which is partially solved by the use of multi-chamber double-glazed windows with filling with inert gases and glass with low emission coating. This problem is of particular importance for energy-efficient buildings, since one of the main requirements is to reduce CO2 emissions and reduce building energy requirements [4]. Different countries are making various attempts to resolve this issue. For example, reducing the impact of solar radiation on the climatic characteristics of premises is achieved through the use of shading devices of various types and kinetic facades that can change their shape depending on the amount of solar radiation.
It should be noted that the use of renewable energy sources (RES) plays a special role in solving the problems described [5]. Thus, the replenishment of energy losses to maintain comfortable
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climatic characteristics of indoor air is solved by using the energy of the sun, wind, earth (heat pumps), biological organisms (algae, bacteria). This leads to a rise in the cost of initial investment in building construction, and also requires complex automated control systems and monitoring of the climate characteristics of energy-efficient buildings based on processing large data arrays (BigData) and using artificial intelligence (AI), made possible by the exponential technological jump of the latter 20th anniversary.
Currently, most of the heat loss in energy-efficient buildings occurs through glazed surfaces and is about 46%, through the walls - 30%, through the floor and roof - 10-15% [6].
Conclusion (conclusions): Thus, it can be concluded that the currently existing solutions to the problems considered require additional financial investments in the construction and operation of energy efficient buildings with large areas of translucent facades. Consequently, one of the solutions can be the development of methods for optimizing the areas of translucent structures of the facades of civilian buildings.
References / Список литературы
1. GOST 30494-2011. Zhilyye i obshchestvennyye zdaniya. Parametry mikroklimata v pomeshcheniyakh. [Residential and public buildings. The parameters of the microclimate in the premises] [in Russian].
2. Verkhovsky A.A. Primenimost' sovremennykh svetoprozrachnykh ograzhdayushchikh konstruktsiy dlya klimaticheskikh regionov Rossii [Applicability of modern translucent enclosing structures for climatic regions of Russia] / A.A. Verkhovsky, A.N. Zimin, S.S. Potapov // Zhilishchnoye stroitel'stvo [Housing construction], 2015. № 6. Р. 16-19 [in Russian].
3. Molodkin S.A. Printsipy arkhitektury energoeffektivnykh vysotnykh zdaniy. [The principles of the architecture of energy-efficient high-rise buildings.] Dis. Kand. Moskva [Dis. Cand. Moscow], 2007. 142. il.[in Russian].
4. Nurakhov N.N. Rukovodstvo po otsenke effektivnosti energosberegayushchikh meropriyatiy [Guidelines for assessing the effectiveness of energy-saving measures] / N.N. Nurakhov. Moscow: FGBU IPK, Ministerstvo obrazovaniya i nauki Rossii [Ministry of education and science of Russia], 2010. 51s. [in Russian].
5. Paulauskaite S. Analiz effektivnosti passivnykh energosberegayushchikh meropriyatiy v zdaniyakh s bol'shoy ploshchad'yu stekla [Analysis of the effectiveness of passive energy saving measures in buildings with a large glass area] / S. Paulauskaite, V. Lapinskiene. // Vestnik MGSU [Bulletin MGSU], 2011. № 7. Р. 90-97. [in Russian].
6. Poderyte J. Issledovaniye parametrov podavayemogo vozdushnogo potoka v zdaniyakh s vozdushnym obogrevom [The research of supplied air flow parameters in air heated buildings] / J. Poderyte, R. Bliudzius, K. Banionis, E. Blazevicius, A. Burlingis // ISSN 1392 - 1207. MECHANIKA, 2013. Tom [Volume] 19(4): 410-416.
