CC BY
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ва у Е. Канаевой (9,700 балла). Оценка всех восьми финалисток выше 9,000 балла;
- в упражнениях с мячом высокий уровень исполнения у Л. Черкашиной (9,550 балла). Оценка выше 9,000 балла отмечается у гимнасток с 1-го по 7-е ранговые места;
- в упражнениях с булавами самый высокий уровень исполнительского мастерства у Л. Черкашиной (9,400 балла). Оценка всех финалисток не опускалась ниже 9,000 балла.
- в упражнениях с лентой лучшая оценка за исполнение у Е. Канаевой (9,700 балла). Оценка выше 9,000 балла отмечается у гимнасток с 1-го по 7-е ранговые места.
Таким образом, анализ результатов гимнасток, выступавших на чемпионате Европы в Минске (2011) показал, что существует устойчивая тенденция к совершенствованию всех компонентов исполнительского мастерства. Сложность соревновательных композиций развивается преимущественно за счет увеличения количества элементов «работой с предметами», за которые правилами соревнований предусмотрена дополнительная надбавка. Совершенствование артистичности идет по пути создания образности композиции согласно выбранному музыкальному сопровождению. Что касается исполнения соревновательных программ, то наблюдается повышение качества выполнения как технически сложных элементов, так и связующих.
ЛИТЕРАТУРА
1. Винер, И.А. Система, определяющая соотношение сил в художественной гимнастике на мировом уровне / И.А. Винер, Р.Н. Терёхина // Ученые записки университета имени П.Ф. Лесгафта. - 2010. - № 4 (62). - С. 15-18.
2. Эстетические показатели исполнительского мастерства в гимнастических видах спорта / Р.Н. Терехина, И.А. Винер, Л.И. Турищева, М.Э. Плеханова // Ученые записки университета имени П.Ф. Лесгафта. - 2008. - № 11 (45). - С. 98-101.
3. Плеханова, М.Э. Комплексная оценка эстетических компонентов исполнительского мастерства в гимнастических видах спорта / М.Э. Плеханова // Ученые записки университета имени П.Ф. Лесгафта. - 2010. - № 6 (64). - С. 65-68.
4. Анализ результатов чемпионата мира по художественной гимнастике в Москве / Р.Н. Терехина, И.А. Винер, М. Шишковская, Е.А. Пирожкова // Ученые записки университета имени П.Ф. Лесгафта. - 2010. - № 10 (68). - С. 92-94.
Контактная информация: zavkaf58@mail.ru
УДК 796.8
ПУТИ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ОБЪЕКТИВНОСТИ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ КОМАНДНОГО ПЕРВЕНСТВА В ЛИЧНО-КОМАНДНЫХ СОРЕВНОВАНИЯХ ПО ГРЕКОРИМСКОЙ И ВОЛЬНОЙ БОРЬБЕ
Белчо Горанов, Генеральный секретарь Болгарского Олимпийского комитета,
Республика Болгария,
Роман Николаевич Апойко, кандидат педагогических наук, профессор,
Николай Юрьевич Неробеев, кандидат педагогических наук, доцент,
Борис Иванович Тараканов, доктор педагогических наук, профессор, Национальный государственный университет физической культуры, спорта и здоровья имени П. Ф. Лесгафта, Санкт-Петербург,
(НГУ им. П. Ф. Лесгафта, Санкт-Петербург)
Аннотация
В статье представлен анализ оценки объективности существующей системы определения командного зачета в лично-командных соревнованиях по борьбе и выявлены пути её дальнейшего совершенствования.
Разработана система выведения командного зачета, которая устраняет основные недостатки имеющихся способов и позволяет более объективно и корректно определить командные результаты в соревнованиях по греко-римской и вольной борьбе.
Ключевые слова: командный зачет, система определения командного первенства, корректность определения победителя, «медальный» зачет, качество выступления, занятое место, количество очков.
WAYS OF THE OBJECTIVITY INCREASE FOR TEAM CHAMPIONSHIP IN PERSONALLY-TEAM GRECO-ROMAN AND FREE-STYLE WRESTLING
COMPETITIONS
Belcho Goranov, the Secretary General of Bulgarian Olympic committee,
Republic Bulgaria,
Roman Nikolaevich Apojko, the candidate of pedagogical sciences, professor,
Nikolay Jurevich Nerobeev, the candidate of pedagogical sciences, senior lecturer,
Boris Ivanovich Tarakanov, the doctor of pedagogical sciences, professor,
The Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, Sport and Health, St.-Petersburg
Annotation
The article presents the analysis of objectivity evaluation for the existing system of team classification in wrestling personally-team competitions with further identification of ways of its improvement.
There was developed a system of team classification, which eliminates the main shortcomings of the current methods and allows more objectively and correctly determine the team results in competitions on Greco-Roman and free-style wrestling.
Keywords: competition, system of definition of team championship, correct definition of the winner, "medal" offset, quality of performance, occupied place, number of points.
The intense activity of FILA, aimed in general to increase the popularity and entertainment control, determines the obvious need for significant adjustment of the rules of the competition. However, such an adjustment, introduced without proper reasoning, it is not always have a positive effect, without anything positive in the competitive activity of the fighters, or even having negative consequences.
To one of the most unsuccessful articles rules of the competition on greco-roman and free-style wrestling refers article 29 "Classification of teams in the individual competitions" (International rules of the struggle, 2005). According to this classification, to determine the team classification of the personally-team competitions to sum up the results of the first ten players in each weight category, and for the first place team gets 10 points, the second place - 9 points, the third place - 8 points for fifth - 6 points, the seventh - 4 points, for the eighth - 3 points, for the ninth - 2 points, in the tenth - 1 point. It is quite obvious that such a method of definition of command offset does not stimulate the quality of teams’ performance, and creates conditions for holding high-team site, not having winners and prize-winners in the individual championship, but even acted at the level of the average results (Tarakanov B.I., 2000). For example, if all seven fighters of some team take the fifth place in their weight categories, then this command will for 42 points. At the same time it will bypass the command, has in its structure two champions and two silver prizewinners, which gain for 38 points. Low correctness of this method of command offset understood even people far from the sport. Thus, it can be completely determined to believe that it has been introduced deliberately with a view to reducing the benefits of the strongest teams in the number of which is one of Russia's national team in Greco-Roman and free-style wrestling.
For more accurate estimations of the objectivity of the existing system of command offset of the personally-team competitions on struggle and identify ways of its further development was the analysis of the world championship results on Greco-Roman wrestling 2010. It was attended by 245 strongest wrestlers of the world from 64 countries. The results of the official team scoring are listed in table 1.
Analysis of table 1 content shows that in the team standings were 70 participants from 28 countries of the world, the 10 strongest wrestlers in each of the seven weight categories. At the same time out of credit were still 175 participants from 36 countries, which are not included in the number of 10 best fighters in their weight categories. In command offset quite a confident victory won fighters of Russian national team - 46 points (1 gold and 4 bronze medals), the second place was taken by athletes from Turkey - 32 points (1 gold and 2 bronze medals), the third place won by sportsmen of Azerbaijan - 26 points (1 gold and 1 bronze medal).
Table 1
The official results of the command offset of the world championship on Greco-Roman __________________________________wrestling 2010 _____________________________
Countries The Weight cate gories (kg) Total score Place
55 60 66 74 84 96 120
Russia 8 10 8 8 8 4 46 1
Turkey 8 10 6 8 32 2
Azerbaijan 2 10 8 6 26 3
Armenia 8 9 9 26 4
Cuba 1 9 4 10 24 5
Bulgaria 6 6 1 10 1 24 6
Kazakhstan 8 4 4 8 24 7
Iran 10 2 10 22 8
Korea 9 8 3 20 9
Japan 9 6 15 10
Ukraine 3 9 2 14 11
Croatia 2 3 8 13 12
Kyrgyzstan 4 8 12 13
Hungary 6 6 12 14
USA 6 6 12 15
Poland 3 6 3 12 16
Sweden 8 2 10 17
Georgia 6 3 1 10 18
Belarus 9 9 19
France 6 1 7 20
Uzbekistan 1 6 7 21
Czech Republic 6 6 22
Finland 4 4 23
Switzerland 4 4 24
Italy 3 3 25
Romania 2 2 26
Slovakia 2 2 27
Lithuania 1 1 28
Besides them, national teams of Armenia, Cuba, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Iran, Korea, Japan, and Ukraine made proper. The fighters of Iran, winning two gold medals of seven possible, were in command offset only in eighth place, which may be considered as an additional confirmation of low objectivity of the existing system of credit.
However, in recent years in the majority of kinds of sports are increasingly being used so-called "medal" set-off. Its essence lays in the treatment results only prize-winners of competitions, and the main criterion is not the total number of prize-winners of this or that team, but priority is the quality of the won medals: first - of gold, then silver, and in the last turn -bronze.
If you apply this way of set-off, the team results analyzed the championship of the world would look in accordance with the data presented in table 2.
Table 2
The team results of the world championship on Greco-Roman wrestling 2010 on the
"medal" offset
Countries Медали Medals Place
Gold Silver Bronze
Iran 2 2 1
Cuba 1 1 2 2
Russia 1 4 5 3
Turkey 1 2 3 4
Azerbaijan 1 1 2 5
Bulgaria 1 1 6
Armenia 2 1 3 7
Korea 1 1 2 8
Japan 1 1 9-11
Ukraine 1 1 9-11
Belarus 1 1 9-11
Kazakhstan 2 2 12
Croatia 1 1 13-15
Kyrgyzstan 1 1 13-15
Sweden 1 1 13-15
As evidenced by the analysis of the content of table 2, the system of "medal" offset sharply reduces the number of test participants and aims to determine the priority of only the strongest teams. However, records of prize-winners results of the competitions not only reduces the number of ranked teams but not allows to reveal the correlation of forces of those teams, which were relatively successful, but don't have in their composition prize-winners of competitions. So, if we compare the number of teams involved in the official championship (table 1), and the number of commands "medal" offset (table 2), it turns out that this number in the latest version has decreased almost in 2 times ( from 28 to 15). In addition, there were also significant changes in the team results: rating of the teams of Russia, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Kazakhstan has considerably decreased, and the places of Iran, Cuba, Belarus and Sweden have considerably changed in a positive direction. It should also be noted, that the system "medal" offset is rather far from perfect, but is popular enough in the system of many complex competitions, including the Universiade and the Olympics. This circumstance should be taken into account with the heightened attention in connection with the approach of the Olympics in 2012.
Thus, both the method to determine the team results in personally-team competitions has significant drawbacks. On the one hand, the system of credit, approved the rules of the competitions in wrestling, poorly reflects the quality of teams’ performance, reducing the contribution of winners and prize-winners, on the other hand, the "medal" off sharply reduces the number of test participants and does not allow to define rating teams, have not proved prize-winners of competitions.
In connection with these circumstances, we developed such a system of command offset, which eliminates the main disadvantages of both of these ways and allows more objectively and correctly determine the team results in competitions on Greco-Roman and free-style wrestling.
The basic essence of the proposed system consists in the preservation of 10 of test participants in each weight category (as required by the rules of the contest), but with fundamental changes the number of points in accordance with the working place every fighter, released in the top ten of the strongest. At the same time for the first place is to charge 20 points, for the second - 14 points, the third place - 10 points, for the fifth - 7 points, the seventh - 5 points, for the eighth - 3 points, for the ninth - 2 points, in the tenth - 1 point.
If to count a rating of commands according to offered system command results of the world championship could look how it is presented in table 3. Analyzing a content of table 3 and comparing with it with the data of table 1, it is possible to note that combined teams of Rus-
sia and Turkey have kept the significant superiority over other countries at comparison with official results of command offset of the world championship. Thus the rating of combined teams of Iran (from the eighth seat on the third), Cuba (from the fifth seat on the fourth) and Belarus (from 19 seats on 14) has noticeably risen.
In turn, the rating of combined teams of Azerbaijan (from the third place on the fifth), Armenia (from the fourth place on the sixth), Bulgaria (from the sixth place on the seventh), Kazakhstan (from the seventh place on the eighth), as well as some other commands engaging places in second ten has a little decreased.
Ratings of the majority of teams perform that the system of offset offered by us allows taking higher places to those teams, which have the greatest number of winners and prizewinners of competitions in the structures. Especially it is characteristic for the combined team of Iran, which has borrowed on official system of offset only the eighth place at availability of two world champions.
Table 3
Rating of commands on results the World championship of 2010 on Greco-Roman ____________________________struggle (on offered system)_______________________________
Countries Weight categories (kg) Sum of glasses Place
55 60 66 74 84 96 120
Russia 10 20 10 10 10 5 65 1
Turkey 10 20 7 10 47 2
Iran 20 2 20 42 3
Cuba 1 14 5 20 40 4
Azerbaijan 2 20 10 7 39 5
Armenia 10 14 14 38 6
Bulgaria 7 7 1 20 1 36 7
Kazakhstan 10 5 5 10 30 8
Korea 14 10 3 27 9
Japan 14 7 21 10
Ukraine 3 14 2 19 11
Kirghizstan 5 10 15 12
Croatia 2 3 10 15 13
Belarus 14 14 14
USA 7 7 14 15
Hungary 7 7 14 15
Poland 3 7 3 13 17
Sweden 10 2 12 18
Georgia 7 3 1 11 19
France 7 1 8 20
Uzbekistan 1 7 8 20
Czechia 7 7 22
Finland 5 5 23
Switzerland 5 5 23
Italy 3 3 25
Romania 2 2 26
Slovakia 2 2 26
Lithuania 1 1 28
At the same time, the offered system includes in offset results of 70 strongest fighters of the championship in full conformity with rules of competitions on struggle. It allows to define a rating not only leading teams of the world, but also is more precise classify teams of the "second" echelon.
Possibly, such information represents significant interest for FILA experts with objective of definition of struggle progress tendencies in this or that country.
Thus, the system of team superiority definition offered by us in personally-command competitions on Greco-Roman and free-style wrestling allows most objectively and to calculate a rating of commands correctly. Such system, on the one hand, provides higher place to those teams, which incorporate wide range of winners and prize-winners in personal offset, and, on the other hand, includes enough of test participants that allows defining more correctly a rating of the strongest teams and objectively classifying teams, which did not have prize-winners of competitions.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. International rules of struggle. - Lausanne : FILA, 2005. - 80 p.
2. Тараканов, Б.И. Критический анализ современных тенденций развития спортивной борьбы / Б.И. Тараканов // Теория и практика физической культуры. - 2000. - № 6. - С. 28-30.
Contact information: apojkorn@mail.ru
УДК 796.01:612
МЕХАНИЗМЫ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ СОЛНЕЧНОГО ИЗЛУЧЕНИЯ И ГЕОМАГНИТНОГО ПОЛЯ НА ОРГАНИЗМ СПОРТСМЕНА
Михаил Дмитриевич Гуляев, кандидат педагогических наук, профессор, Председатель Государственного комитета Республики Саха (Якутии) по физической
культуре и спорту, Якутск,
Иннокентий Иннокентьевич Готовцев, кандидат педагогических наук, доцент,
ректор,
Чурапчинский государственный институт физической культуры и спорта (ЧГИФКиС), с. Чурапча, Республика Саха (Якутия),
Александр Владимирович Таймазов, кандидат экономических наук, старший преподаватель,
Национальный государственный университет физической культуры, спорта и здоровья имени П. Ф. Лесгафта, Санкт-Петербург,
(НГУ им. П. Ф. Лесгафта, Санкт-Петербург),
Дмитрий Сергеевич Цветков, научный сотрудник,
Государственный научно-исследовательский институт социально-экономических проблем и спортивно-оздоровительных технологий, Санкт-Петербург
Аннотация
В работе исследуется влияние спектров солнечного излучения и геомагнитного поля земли на энергетику клетки и организм в целом. Делается вывод о возможности управления этими процессам и для повышения энергетических характеристик спортсменов.
Ключевые слова: энергетика клетки, организм спортсмена, геомагнитное поле, солнечное излучение.
