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Haydarov Bakhtiyor, Professor, Samarkand State university Boltaev Zayniddin, Professor assistant, Samarkand State university Haydarov Dilobar, Assistant, Samarkand State university
Uzbekistan E-mail: [email protected]
PULSOMETRIC PECULIARITIES OF SPORTSMEN IN DYNAMICS OF THEIR ADAPTATION TO CONDITIONS OF INCREASING MOUNTAINOUS HYPOXIA
Abstract: Pulsometric peculiarities of sportsmen in dynamics of their adaptation to conditions of increasing mountainous hypoxia. Some information about increasing the pulse rate (pulsometry) of sportsmen in the process of adaptation in the conditions of hypoxia on the height of2100-2400 m over sea level is given in this article. The increasing of pulse rate from the 1st day till 7th day on the height of 2100 m and the remaining on the high level if control indicators on the 15th day of experiment after physical load on the height of2400 m showed that it great differs from the quiet position on the height of 2100 m and let us speak about inadequate compensator of heart Keywords: pulse rate, hypoxia, adaptation, sea level, physical load, heart beat.
The essence of problem to adaptation in psychology region and c) degrees of adaptation of organism to dif-
of sport is defined, first of all, the organism of sports- ferent heights. In this case, analyzing the contradicting
man has to adapt to physical load in short time. Precisely, literary information on studied issue, it can be defined
the speed of adaptation and its duration are defined the the lack of information about reaction of cardio respira-
health and state of training of sportsman. That's why the tor systems in the process of person residing in various
special scientific interest for practice of sport presents mountainous areas. the development of systematic foundation of adaptation Methods of researches
of sportsman's organism in the process of achieving the Reaction of pulse on proportional physical load is
highest sport mastery [1-4]. It is known that morpho- considered as the main aerobe indicator, which charac-
functional peculiarities of person's organism formed in terize the productivity of cardiovascular system. That's
the process of long evolutional period, can't be changed why in functional diagnostics of sportsmen the Index of
so fast as structure, function and character of training- Howard step-test (IHST) is often applied, which is used
competition loads in sport. Contradiction of time be- to define the reactions of cardiovascular system to hard
tween these processes can lead to functional decay, physical load. In testing monitor for defining pulse of the
which can be displayed as different pathologies [4-6]. term "Sein" (Southern Korea), regulated by step-ergo
It is proved that the condition of experience has a meter mechanic metronome and stopwatch are used in
great essence in assessment of pulse change [5-10]. The testing. The height of step and time of climbing are cho-
assessment of changing the heartbeat rate of persons in sen in according to the sex and age of examined people.
a short period in mountainous depends on: a) height of Rate of climbing is equal to 30 cycles per minute. Each
place; b) climate-geographical position of mountainous cycle includes 4 steps. Rate is defined by metronome,
which is fixed in every 120 beats per minute. After finishing the test, examined person sits on the chair and during first 30 seconds with 2-,3-and 3th minutes of rehabilitation, the numbers of pulse beats are counted three times. If examined person due to his exhaustion, can't reach the necessary rate in 15-20 seconds. Test also can be finished in external features of excessive fatigue: paleness of face, stumbling and etc.
IHST - is calculated as the following formula: IHST = t
IHST = f-100 , (F 2 + f 3 + f 4 )• 2
(c) time of climbing, f1, f2, f3, f - the amount of pulse beats during the first 30 seconds in 2-,3-and 4-minutes of rehabilitation. For saving time, the contracted formula can be used in large researches which allow for one calculation of pulse beats in first 30 seconds the second minute of rehabilitation.
Then Physical training is assessed according to given index. On IHST below 55 is considered as weak, 55-64 is considered as less medium and 65-79 as weak, 80-89 as good and more than 80 as excellent. Statistic calculation of given material is made according to criteria Student-Fisher, where is X ± S . Results of inves-
' x
tigations. Given results proved that in the process of adaptation of sportsmen-trackmen in the height over 2 km over sea level (after prediction of their adaptation hypoxia (Table 1).
to the height of1800 m) concise tendency of increasing rate of heartbeat is pointed out. Analysis of percent attitude to pulse rate of participants' group of experiment showed that if the 1st day of adaptation the quantity is equal to 127 ± 6.5%, next days in the height of 2100 m is equal to 149.7 ± 5.7 (third day), 148.3 ± 4.6 (seventh day),142.9 ± 3.8 (15th day). The first day of adaptation on the height of 2100 m over sea level the pulse rate is equal to 77.8 ± 3.1, when the next days 84.2 ± 3.8 (3rd day), 82.4 + 3.6 (7th day) and 80.8 ± 3.9 (15th day).
In these series of experiments are clear that the first days sportsmen on the height of 2100 m over sea level felt the decreasing of aerobic opportunities, worsening of functional state of organism and insomnia. After 3-5 days they began to adaptation, it is characterized that sportsmen in retrained muscle activity feel themselves well, but hard physical load, when oxygen decreases in blood (hypoxia) encumbered.
Special attention was paid to pulse rate of sportsmen and rate of their normalization after proportioned physical load. So, the rate of pulse normalization on the 4th minute physical load after 2100 m is higher than background is fixed up. Given results on dynamics of pulse rate on given height after physical load showed palpitation, which is connected with hemodynamic and cardio respirator indicators in the conditions of mountainous
Table 1. - Character and rate of normalization of pulse after proportioned load on the height of 2100 m over sea level
Indicator The 1st day The 3rd day The 7th day The 15th day
n = 7 n = 7 n = 7 n = 7
background experience background experience background experience background experience
Repose 72.2 ± 2.2 74.6 ± 2.6 72.4 ± 2.2 70.6 ± 2.4 60.6 ± 1.8 65.9 ± 1.3 72.6 ± 2.2 70.8 ± 2.2
In 4 minutes after load 75.4 ± 2.6 78.6 ± 1.3 79.4 ± 3.1 72.4 ± 2.2 75.5 ± 2.6 76.4 ± 2.8 75.9 ± 2.6 72.8 ± 2.2
Percent to repose 1210. ± 7.4 105.4 ± 4.6 127.4 ± 8.1 102.9 ± 4.1 125.0 ± 7.6 101.5 ± 4.1 121.0 ± 7.4 102.9 ± 4.1
It is defined that increasing of pulse rate after physical load on the height of 2100 over sea level was less than background, though in absolute quantity it is comparable. If we consider that beat amount doesn't change, we can speak about maladaptive reaction of heart activity on physical load on attitude to repose. So the 1st day of adaptation on the height of 2100 m over sea level the
rate of increasing pulse in percent attitude was equal to 121.0±7.4% on attitude to repose. This tendency lasts during all periods of observations and on the 15th day this amount is equal to 102.9 ± 4.1%.
So in our opinion, increasing, then decreasing the pulse rate is the first, easily defined circular effect of hypoxia. But hypoxic state which leads to changing the
activity of central nerve system accompanies with decreasing the rate of heart beating, it may depends on increasing tone of pneumogastric nerve.
More important variation of rate is observed after climbing of participants of experiment to the height of 2400 m over sea level as it is shown in 2-Table background indicators of pulse rate are equal to 6972 beats/min, after climbing to the height of 2400 m these indicators rose in following order: 94.2 ± 7.1
Table 2. - Character of changes of quiet position on the height
(the 1st day), 87.7 ± 6.8 (the 3rd day), 86.6 ± 6.7 (the 5th day), 85.5 ± 6.1 (the 7th day), 76.8 ± 4.9 (the 10th day) and 85.4 ± 6.1 (the 15th day). If on the first day of adaptation was observed the highest rate of pulse (94.21 ± 4.9 beats/min), on the 10th day of mountainous adaptation it was the lowest (76.8 ± 4.9 beats/min). But all these indicators were higher in comparison with background amount.
background amount of pulse in of 2400 m over sea level
Indicator Days
The 1st The 3rd The 5th The 7th The 10th The 15th
Number of participants n = 14 n = 14 n = 14 n = 14 n = 14 n = 14
Background, beats/min 69.4 + 3.4 69.413.4 72.6 + 4.3 69.8 + 3.4 69.6 + 3.4 69.5 + 3.4
Height 2400 m, beats/min 04.2 + 7.1 87.7 + 6.8 86.6 + 6.7 85.5161 76.8 + 4.9 85.4 + 6.1
Percent to background 157.7110.2 145.518.9 138.716.9 134.917.3 126.7 + 6.8 141.7 + 8.1
As it is clear from (Table 2), dynamics and character of pulse change in different periods of observations of sportsmen on the height of 2400 m over sea level are simple enough, though on the 10th day of adaptation in a quiet position is pointed out the tendency of decreasing the pulse rate, then its increasing is observed.
As it is fixed (3-Table), reaction of pulse rate on pro-
dwellers-participants of experiment is diametrically opposed. So, if percent of declination of permanent dwellers of mountains on the 7th day to the attitude of background is equal to 15.1 ± 1.2, on the 10th and 15th days is 35.3 ± 2.6 and 16.1 ± 1.2%. Temporary dwellers' declination is 50.3 ± 3.8 (on the 7th day), 60.6 ± 6.2 (the 10th day) and 75.2 ± 5.6% (the 15th day).
portioned physical load of permanent and temporary
Table 3. - Changing the pulse rate proportioned physical load (in percent in aq quiet position) of permanent and temporary participants of the experiment on the 7th-15th days of adaptation on the height of 2400 m over sea level
Indicator, back-ground% The 7th day The 11 3th day The 15th day
Percent to repose Declination from background Percent to repose Declination from background Percent to repose Declination from background
Permanent dwellers 121.5 ± 4.4 -15.1 ± 1.2 171.6 + 6.8 + 35.3 ± 2.6 152.8 ± 9.4 +161±12
Temporary dwellers 150.4 ± 6.8 -50.3 + 3.S 140.6 + 5.9 - 60.6 ± 6.2 1255 + 4.5 - 75.2 ± 56
So, on the height of 2400 m over sea level the pulse rate of permanent and temporary dwellers (sportsmen) after physical load considerably increased than on the height of 2100 m. The changes in pulse rate on the 15th day of adaptation are interconnected due to emotional reaction while climb-down from the height of 2400 m.
As on the height of 2100 m, sportsmen's pulse rate is increased after physical load though absolute amount are high in these conditions of mountains.
The underlined position is individual also for normalization of pulse after physical load that in certain measures let us consider that the conclusions of some
researchers [8; 11] about increasing physical ability of person based on the assessment pulse rate during proportioned physical load. On the examples of reactions of cardiovascular system, it is proved that climbing of sportsmen up in different height of mountains is accompanied with particular reconstruction of functional reactions, which has the aim to compensate the lack of oxygen in the organism. As step-by-step climbing to different height showed that every step of height leads to specific reconstruction of cardiovascular system functions [9; 10]. Besides it, ultraviolet sun radiation plays a particular role on different heights which remain in the atmosphere on the highlands and has sensibility of organism to the lack of oxygen (hypoxia).
Conclusion. It is necessary to widen the devices of investigation on the direction of complex multifunctional assessment of state and reconstruction of immune competent bodies for full characteristics of dynamics of mechanisms of formation in mountainous adaptation of
person in order to deepen the knowledge about qualified state characteristics in the conditions ofhigh mountains.
So, we can conclude that.
1) The tendency of increasing pulse rate, in particular sportsmen decreasing of pulse from 1st till 15th day is observed in the dynamics of adaptation of sportsmen to increscent mountain hypoxia. Increasing of pulse rate after proportioned physical load on the height of 21002400 m over sea level is much more than background data and this amount can be compared in absolute significance;
2) Increasing the pulse rate in the conditions of mountain hypoxia provoked by increasing of peripheral resistance of circulatory vessels connected with deficit of oxygen and character of regional bloodstream;
3) Changing ofheartbeat rate in the conditions of increasing mountain hypoxia is connected with the activity of cardio respirator mechanisms where the vegetative mechanism of regulation has leading importance. Reaction of pulse on the height can be individually fluctuated.
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3. Barbashova Z. I. Acclimatization to hypoxia and its physiological mechanisms. - M.: L. Science. - 1960. - 215 p.
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